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Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-12页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen Lan Huu Shedrawy Jad L?nnroth Knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;P<0.001). This resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;P<0.001) and experiencing TB-related stigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

Development of a Peristaltic Micropump for Bio-Medical Applications based on Mini LIPCA

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第2期5卷 135-141页

作者： Thanh tung Nguyen My pham Nam Seo Goo Department of Aerospace Engineering Konkuk University Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a peristaltic micropump. The micropump is composed of two layers fabricated from Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） material. The first layer has a rectangular channel and two valve seals. Three rectangular mini lightweight piezo-composite actuators are integrated in the second layer, and used as actuation parts. Two layers are bonded, and covered by two Polymethyl Methacrylate （PMMA） plates, which help increase the stiffness of the micropump. A maximum flow rate of 900μ*** 1 and a maximum backpressure of 1.8 kPa are recorded when water is used as pump liquid. We measured the power consumption of the micropump. The micropump is found to be a promising candidate for bio-medical application due to its bio-compatibility, portability, bidirectionality, and simple effective design.

关键词： peristaltic micropump LIPCA PDMS bio-medical applications

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Performance evaluation of a two-way relay network with energy harvesting^and hardware noises

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第1期7卷 45-54页

作者： Nguyen Tien tung pham Minh Nam Phu Tran Tin Faculty of Electronics Technology Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Wireless Communcations Research Group Faculy of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

In this paper,we propose a Two-Way Cognitive Relay Network(TWCRN)where the secondary users operate on an underlay mode to access the licensed *** the proposed protocols,two secondary sources transmit their data to a relay in the first time slot,and then the relay would forward the received information to both sources in the remaining ***,the relay is self-powered by harvesting energy from ambient Radio Frequency(RF)signals,using the Time Switching(TS)and the Power Switching(PS)*** paper concentrates on eval-uating the performance of the secondary networks under the impact of hardware impairments and co-channel interference from the primary *** particular,based on the secondary transmitters'constraint power,we derive the closed-form expressions of the outage probability and the throughput over Rayleigh fading channels in two cases:TS and *** also investigate the energy efficiency issue and the locally optimal position of the relay to maximize the system throughput,which provides much information to install the relay ***,our derivations are verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： Energy harvesting Two-way relay Energy efficiency Hardware impairments Cognitive network

Integrated universal soil loss equation (USLE) and Geographical Information System (GIS) for soil erosion estimation in A Sap basin:Central Vietnam

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 99-110页

作者： tung Gia pham Jan Degener Martin Kappas Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentGottingen UniversityGermany University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue UniversityVietnam

Central Vietnam is very susceptible to soil erosion due to its complicated terrain and heavy rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify soil erosion in the A Sap river basin, A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographical Informa-tion System (GIS). The results showed that 34% of land area lost accumulated to 10 t ha-1 year-1 while 47% of the total area lost less than 1 t ha-1 year-1. Natural forest land lost the most with an average of about 19 t ha-1 year-1, followed by plantation forest with approximately 7 t ha-1 year-1 and other agricultural lands at 3.70 and 1.45 t ha-1 year-1 for yearly crops and paddy rice, respectively. Soil erosion was most sensitive to the topographic factor (LS), followed by the practice support factor (P), soil erodibility factor (K), cropping management (C), and the rainfall erosivity factor (R). Implications are that changes to the cultivated calendar and implementing intercropping are effective ways to prevent soil erosion in cultivated lands. Furthermore, introducing broad leaves trees for mountainous areas in A Sap basin was the most effective practice in reducing soil erosion. The study also pointed out that the combination of available data sources used with the USLE and GIS technology is a viable option to cal-culate soil erosion in Central Vietnam, which would allow targeted attention toward a solution is to reduce future soil erosion.

关键词： Central Vietnam GIS Soil erosion USLE

Assessment of soil quality indicators under different agricultural land uses and topographic aspects in Central Vietnam

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 280-288页

作者： tung Gia pham Hung Trong Nguyen Martin Kappas Cartography GIS and Remote Sensing DepartmentGottingen UniversityGeorge August University of GoettingenGoldschmidstr.537077 GoettingenGermany University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue UniversityVietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam

Soil quality assessment is valuable for agricultural production. In this research, 155 soil samples at two soil depths were collected from four land use types in an agricultural area of the A Luoi district in the Central Vietnam. Differences of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen in soil and soil pH under different land use types and topographic aspects were compared. Soil organic carbon contents in arable land and plantation forest are higher than those in natural forest and grassland (p < 0.05). Conversely, the total nitrogen in natural forest was significantly lesser in comparison to other land use types. Meanwhile there were no significant differences of the total nitrogen content (p < 0.05) among arable land, plantation forest, and grassland. The soil of grassland, natural and plantation forests land use types were more significantly acidic than those of the soils of the arable land use type. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen showed a decreasing trend while soil depth increased in all land use types. The soil pH in plantation forest and arable land use types showed no significant change in relation to soil depth. Significant differences were not found in topographic aspects and soil organic carbon content;however, the different changing trends of soil organic carbon content between land use types and aspects were found. The impact of slope, elevation, farming system or soil texture accounted for the differences in these soil indicators under different land use types in the A Luoi district.

关键词： Central Vietnam Land use type Hilly area Soil quality Topographic aspects

Tunable colors and conductivity by electroless growth of Cu/Cu2O particles on sol-gel modified cellulose

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Nano Research 2020年第10期13卷 2658-2664页

作者： Justus Landsiedel Waleri Root Christian Schramm Alexander Menzel Steffen Witzleben Thomas Bechtold tung pham Research Institute for Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics University of Innsbruck6850 DornbirnAustria Department of Physical Chemistry University of Innsbruck6020 InmsbruckAustria Department of Natural Sciences Bonn Rhein sSieg University of Applied Sciences5359 RheinbachGermany

Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of dye pigments. The deposition of nanoscale particles mimics nature in it’s approach coloring surfaces. This work presents sol-gel modification of cellulose surfaces used to form a template for growth of Cu/Cu2O core–shell particles with defined size-distributions. Besides improving the adhesion of the deposited particulate material, the sol-gel matrix serves as a template for the control of particle sizes of the Cu/Cu2O structures, and as a consequence of particle size variation the surface color is tunable. As an example, red color was achieved with an average particle size of 35 nm, and shifts gradually to blue appearance when particles have grown to 80 nm on the sol-gel modified fabric. The copper concentration on representative fabrics is kept low to avoid modifying the textile characteristics and were all in the range of 150–170 mg per g of cellulose material. As a result of copper deposition on the surface of the material, the cellulose fabric also became electrically conductive. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity was found to be dependent on the average particle sizes of the deposits and thus related to the change in observed color. The generation of color by growth of nano-sized particles on sol-gel templates provides a highly promising approach to stain surfaces by physical effects without use of synthetic colorants, which opens a new strategy to improve environmental profile of coloration.

关键词： electroless copper deposition sol-gel support thin film structural coloration tunable sheet resistance LSPR

Flow Assurance in Subsea Pipeline Design for Transportation of Petroleum Products

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2017年第2期7卷 311-323页

作者： Son tung pham Minh Huy Truong ba Tuan pham Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering Hochiminh City University of Technology-Vietnam National University Hochiminh Vietnam

Transportation of petroleum products through pipeline presents considerable risks including wax formation and deposition as a result of heat loss of fluids, which is harmful to the flow due to the reduced inner diameter or totally blocked pipelines in extreme cases. The production interruption due to blocked pipelines can cause colossal financial loss. Therefore, in order to diminish those adverse effects, it is critical that pipeline design for flow assurance should be considered. Flow assurance is a relatively new field in oil and gas industry, it means that the flow of hydrocarbon stream from one point to another must be ensured successfully and economically. Although flow assurance is extremely diverse, encompassing many discrete and specialized subjects and bridging across the full gamut of engineering disciplines, our work concentrated principally on the study of wax deposit in the pipelines. The main purpose of this paper is to focus on the aspect of material in pipeline design and the selection of thermal insulation coatings. Furthermore, operating parameters such as pressure, temperature and flowrate will be examined to achieve optimum results. For the case study in this paper, the pipeline connecting Ca NguVang Oilfield’s Wellhead Platform (WHP) to the Central Processing Platform of bach Ho Oilfield (CPP-3) in Vietnam will be studied. Hence, this work covers several aspects, namely the theoretical study, the modeling using Excel as well as using specialized software OLGA, and finally the application for a real case in the petroleum industry in Vietnam.

关键词： Flow Assurance Pipeline Design Thermal Insulation Wax Deposition Heat Transfer in Pipeline

Enhancing sensitivity in atomic force microscopy for planar tip-on-chip probes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第3期8卷 39-49页

作者： H.tung Ciftci Michael Verhage Tamar Cromwijk Laurent pham Van Bert Koopmans Kees Flipse Oleg Kurmosikov Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600 MB Eindhoventhe Netherlands DRF/RAMIS/SPEC-LEPO Centre CEA de Saclay91191 Gif-sr-VvetteFrance Institut Jean Lamour Lorraine University54000 NancyFrance

We present a new approach to tuning-fork-based atomic force microscopy for utilizing advanced"tip-on-chip"probes with high sensitivity and broad ***,such chip-like probes with a size reaching 2×2 mm^(2)drastically perturb the oscillation of the tuning fork,resulting in poor performance in its intrinsic force ***,restoring initial oscillatory characteristics is necessary for regaining high *** this end,we developed a new approach consisting of three basic steps:tuning-fork rebalancing,revamping holder-sensor fixation,and electrode *** rebalancing allows the tuning fork to recover the frequency and regain high Q-factor values up to 10^(4)in air and up to 4×10^(4)in ultra-high vacuum *** floating-like holder-fxation using soft wires significantly reduces energy dissipation from the mounting *** with the soft wires,reconfigured electrodes provide electrical access to the chip-like probe without intervening in the force-sensing ***,our easy-to-implement approach allows converting the atomic force microscopy tip from a passive tool to a dedicated microdevice with extended functionality.

关键词： tuning atomic utilizing

Metal organic framework-combustion: A one-pot strategy to NiO nanoparticles with excellent anode properties for lithium ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第1期27卷 300-305页

作者： Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan balaji Sambandam Jinju Song Sungjin Kim Jeonggeun Jo pham tung Duong Seokhun Kim Vinod Mathew Jaekook Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University

NiO nanoparticles with average particles size of 30 nm are synthesized using a one-pot metal–organic framework-combustion（MOF-C） technique, for use as an anode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries（LIBs）. The structural and electronic properties of these nanoparticles are studied using various techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, and N_2 adsorption/desorption studies. The as-synthesized NiO nanoparticles sustained reversible stable capacities of 748 and 410 mAh/g at applied current densities of 500 and 1000 m A/g, respectively, after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the anode displays a notable rate capability, achieving a stable capacity of ~200 mAh/g at a high current density of10 A/g. These results indicate that the size of the NiO nanoparticles and their high surface area influence their electrochemical properties. Specifically, this combustion strategy is clearly favorable for improving the cyclability and rate capability of various metal oxides in rechargeable battery electrodes.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Combustion NiO nanoparticles Lithium ion batteries High rate capability

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