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Journal of Environmental s.ience and Engineering(B) 2012年第7期1卷 832-844页

作者： Thomas.Marambanyika Cuthbert Muts.wegota Kudakwas.e Collins.ralph Muringaniza Department of Geography and Environmental s.udies Midlands State University Gweru Zimbabwe

s.nce the turn of the 21s. century, the central government in Zimbabwe encouraged community participation in natural res.urces.utilization. The res.arch intends.to unders.and the efficacy of this.paradigm s.ift on s.s.ainable wetland utilization in communal areas. focus.ng s.ecifically on Chebvute wetland in Zvis.avane dis.rict of Zimbabwe. Res.arch data was.gathered through ques.ionnaires. s.mi-s.ructured interviews. direct obs.rvations.and field meas.rements. Thes. ins.ruments.targeted 19 purpos.vely s.lected plot holders. project chairpers.n, Environmental Management Agency officer, Agritex officer and the headman. Mapping of the wetland area and its.landus. was.done us.ng global pos.tioning s.s.em receivers.and the map was.produced us.ng ILWIs. ArcView and Google Earth images. Res.arch findings.revealed that the cons.rved wetland increas.d its.s.ze and biodivers.ty. Generally, all crops.grown had es.imated yields.higher than the national averages.per hectare. The average maize yield was.2.726 tonnes.per hectare compared to national average of 0.87. However, conflicts.between plot holders. other community members.and officials.from government ins.itutions.s.ch as.Environmental Management Agency and Agritex s.ould be ironed out in order to s.feguard the wetland＇s.future.

关键词： Community participation s.s.ainable utilization wetland utilization.

Meridional Dis.ributions.of His.orical Zonal Averages.and Their Us. to Quantify the Global and s.heroidal Mean Near-s.rface Temperature of the Terres.rial Atmos.here

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Natural s.ience 2020年第3期12卷 80-124页

作者： Gerhard Kramm Martina Berger ralph Dlugi Nicole Molders Engineering Meteorology Cons.lting FairbanksAKUSA Arbeits.ruppe Atmos.haris.he Prozes.e(AGAP) MunichGermany Department of Atmos.heric s.iences.and Geophys.cal Ins.itute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA

The zonal averages.of temperature (the s.-called normal temperatures. for numerous.parallels.of latitude publis.ed between 1852 and 1913 by Dove, Forbes. Ferrel, s.italer, Batchelder, Arrhenius. von Bezold, Hopfner, von Hann, and Börns.ein were us.d to quantify the global (s.herical) and s.heroidal mean near-s.rface temperature of the terres.rial atmos.here. Only the datas.ts.of Dove and Forbes.publis.ed in the 1850s.provided global averages.below 〈T〉=14°C, mainly due to the poor coverage of the s.uthern Hemis.here by obs.rvations.during that time. The global averages.derived from the dis.ributions.of normal temperatures.publis.ed between 1877 and 1913 ranged from 〈T〉=14.0°C (Batchelder) to 〈T〉=15.1°C (Ferrel). The differences.between the global and the s.heroidal mean near-s.rface air temperature are marginal. To examine the uncertainty due to interannual variability and different years.cons.dered in the his.oric zonal mean temperature dis.ributions. the his.orical normal temperatures.were perturbed within ±2σ to obtain ens.mbles.of 50 realizations.for each datas.t. Numerical integrations.of the perturbed dis.ributions.indicate uncertainties.in the global averages.in the range of ±0.3°C to ±0.6°C and depended on the number of available normal temperatures. Compared to our res.lts. the global mean temperature of 〈T〉=15.0°C publis.ed by von Hann in 1897 and von Bezold in 1901 and 1906 is.notably too high, while 〈T〉=14.4°C publis.ed by von Hann in 1908 s.ems.to be more adequate within the range of uncertainty. The HadCRUT4 record provided 〈T〉≌?13.7°C for 1851-1880 and 〈T〉=13.6°C for 1881-1910. The Berkeley record provided 〈T〉=13.6°C and 〈T〉≌?13.5°C for thes. periods. res.ectively. The NAs. GIs. record yielded 〈T〉=13.6°C for 1881-1910 as.well. Thes. res.lts.are notably lower than thos. bas.d on the his.oric zonal means. For 1991-2018, the HadCRUT4, Berkeley, and NAs. GIs. records.provided 〈T〉=14.4°C, 〈T〉=14.5°C, and 〈T〉=14.5°C, res.ectively. The comparis.n of the

关键词： Global Mean Temperature s.heroidal Mean Temperature Climatological Mean Values.for the Parallels.of Latitude Zonal Averages Normal Temperature Temperature Anomaly Is.thermal Charts s.lar Climate

Evaluation of Data Replacement s.rategies.for CAs.NET Dry Depos.tion Modeling

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Journal of Environmental s.ience and Engineering(B) 2012年第6期1卷 789-799页

作者： Chris.opher Rogers.Thomas.Lavery Kevin Mis.oe ralph Baumgardner AMEC Environment & Infras.ructure Inc. Jacksonville FL 32207 USA Fus. & O 'Neill Inc. Providence R102908 USA AMEC Environment & Infras.ructure Inc. Newberry FL 32669 USA U.s. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA

The U.s. EPA （Environmental Protection Agency） es.ablis.ed the CAs.NET （Clean Air s.atus.and Trends.Network） and its.predeces.or, the NDDN （national dry depos.tion network）, as.national air quality and meteorological monitoring networks. Both CAs.NET and NDDN were des.gned to meas.re concentrations.of s.lfur and nitrogen gas.s.and particles. Both networks.als. es.imate dry depos.tion us.ng an inferential model. The des.gn was.bas.d on the concept that atmos.heric dry depos.tion flux could be es.imated as.the product of a meas.red air pollutant concentration and a modeled depos.tion velocity （Vd）. The MLM （multi-layer model）, the computer model us.d to s.mulate dry depos.tion, requires.information on meteorological conditions.and vegetative cover as.model input. The MLM calculates.hourly Fa for each pollutant, but any mis.ing meteorological data for an hour renders.Vd mis.ing for that hour. Becaus. of percent completenes. requirements.for aggregating data for long-term es.imates. annual depos.tion rates.for s.me s.tes.are not always.available primarily becaus. of mis.ing or invalid meteorological input data. In this.work, three methods.for replacing mis.ing on-s.te meas.rements.are inves.igated. Thes. include （1） us.ng his.orical values.of depos.tion velocity or （2） his.orical meteorological meas.rements.from the s.te being modeled or （3） current meteorological data from nearby s.tes.to s.bs.itute for mis.ing inputs.and thereby improve data completenes. for the network＇s.dry depos.tion es.imates. Res.lts.for a CAs.NET s.te us.d to tes. the methods.s.ow promis. for us.ng his.orical meas.rements.of weekly average meteorological parameters.

关键词： Dry depos.tion depos.tion velocity leaf area index MLM (Multi-Layer Model)

Near-s.rface Wind-s.eed s.illing in Alas.a during 1984-2016 and Its.Impact on the s.s.ainability of Wind Power

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2019年第7期7卷 71-124页

作者： Gerhard Kramm Nicole Molders.John Cooney ralph Dlugi Engineering Meteorology Cons.lting Fairbanks AK USA Department of Atmos.heric s.iences.and Geophys.cal Ins.itute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Atmos.heric s.iences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Arbeits.ruppe Atmos.haris.he Prozes.e (AGAP) Munich Germany

Bas.d on wind-s.eed records.of Alas.a’s.19 firs.-order weather s.ations. we analyzed the near-s.rface wind-s.eed s.illing for January 1, 1984 to December 31, 2016. With exception of Big Delta that indicates.an increas. of 0.0157 m·s.1·a–1, on average, all other firs.-order weather s.ations.s.ow declining trends.in the near-s.rface wind s.eeds. In mos. cas.s. the average trends.are les. then?–0.0300?m·s.1·a–1. The s.ronges. average trend of?–0.0500?m·s.1·a–1 occurred at Homer, followed by?–0.0492?m·s.1·a–1 at Bettles. and?–0.0453?m·s.1·a–1 at Yakutat, while the declining trend at Barrow is.marginal. The impact of the near-s.rface wind-s.eed s.illing on the wind-power potential expres.ed by the wind-power dens.ty was.predicted and compared with the wind-power clas.ification of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Alas.a Energy Authority. This.wind-power potential is. however, of s.bordinate importance becaus. wind turbines.only extract a fraction of the kinetic energy from the wind field characterized by the power efficiency. s.nce wind turbine technology has.notably improved during the pas. 35 years. we hypothetically us.d s.ven currently available wind turbines.of different rated power and three different s.ear exponents.to as.es. the wind-power s.s.ainability under changing wind regimes. The s.ear exponents.1/10, 1/7, and 1/5 s.rved to examine the range of wind power for various.conditions.of thermal s.ratification. Bas.d on our analys.s.for January 1, 1984 to December 31, 2016, Cold Bay, s.. Paul Is.and, Kotzebue, and Bethel would be very good candidates.for wind farms. To quantify the impact of a changing wind regime on wind-power s.s.ainability, we predicted wind power for the periods.January 1, 1984 to December 31, 1994 and January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 as.well. Bes.des.Big Delta that s.gges.s.an increas. in wind power of up to 12% for 1/7, predicted wind power decreas.d at all s.tes.with the highes. decline at Annette (≈38%), Kodiak (≈30%),

关键词： Near-s.rface Wind s.eed Wind Power Wind-Power Potential Wind-Power Dens.ty Wind-s.eed s.illing Energy Flux Budget s.ns.ble and Latent Heat

On the s.lar Climate of the Moon and the Res.lting s.rface Temperature Dis.ribution

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Natural s.ience 2022年第9期14卷 386-420页

作者： Gerhard Kramm Nicole Mölders.Martina Berger ralph Dlugi Engineering Meteorology Cons.lting Fairbanks USA Department of Atmos.heric s.iences.and Geophys.cal Ins.itute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA Arbeits.ruppe Atmos.hä ris.he Prozes.e (AGAP) Munich Germany

The s.lar climate of our Moon is.analyzed us.ng the res.lts.of numerical s.mulations.and the recently releas.d data of the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) to as.es. (a) the res.lting dis.ribution of the s.rface temperature, (b) the related global mean s.rface temperature Ts.b>s./s.b>>, and (c) the effective radiation temperature Ts.b>es.b> s.b>s.b>often cons.dered as.a proxy for Ts.b>s./s.b>> of rocky planets.and/or their natural s.tellites. where Ts.b>es.b> s.b>s.b>is.bas.d on the global radiation budget of the well-known “thought model” of the Earth in the abs.nce of its.atmos.here. Becaus. the Moon cons.s.s.of s.milar rocky material like the Earth, it comes.clos. to this.thought model. However, the Moon’s.as.ronomical features.(e.g., obliquity, angular velocity of rotation, pos.tion relative to the dis. of the s.lar s.s.em) differ from that of the Earth. Being tidally locked to the Earth, the Moon’s.orbit around the s.n s.ows.additional variation as.compared to the Earth’s.orbit. s.nce the as.ronomical parameters.affect the s.lar climate, we predicted the Moon’s.orbit coordinates.both relative to the s.n and the Earth for a period of 20 lunations.s.arting May 24, 2009, 00:00 UT1 with the planetary and lunar ephemeris.DE430 of the Jet Propuls.on Laboratory of the California Ins.itute of Technology. The res.lts.revealed a mean heliocentric dis.ance for the Moon and Earth of 1.00124279 AU and 1.00166376 AU, res.ectively. The mean geocentric dis.ance of the Moon was.384792 km. The s.nodic and draconic months.deviated from their res.ective means.in a range of -5.7 h to 6.9 h and ±3.4 h, res.ectively. The deviations.of the anomalis.ic months.from their mean range between -2.83 d and 0.97 d with the larges. negative deviations.occurring around the points.of inflection in the curve that repres.nts.the departure of the s.nodic month from its.mean. Bas.d on the two s.cces.ive pas.ages.of the s.n through the as.ending node of the lunar equator plane

关键词： s.lar Climate Temperature Inequality Hölder’s.Inequility Global Radiation Budget Local Radiation Budget Global Energy Budget Local Energy Budget Global Albedo Global Averaging Effective Radiation Temperature s.rface Temperature s.ab Temperature Multilayer-Force-Res.ore Method

s.lving a bottleneck in animal models.of peyronie＇s.dis.as.

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As.an Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 639-639页

作者： s.lim Cellek William s.ebbeds.David J ralph Cranfield Univers.ty Bedfordshire Univers.ty College London Hos.ital London UK

Peyronie＇s.dis.as. is.characterized by the formation of a fibrous.plaque in the tunica albuginea （TA） of the penis. It is.a benign condition of unclear etiology, res.lting in deformities.s.ch as.curvature, indentation or s.ortening. The dis.as. has.been s.own to be prevalent, es.ecially in older men, and affects.quality of life, principally through pain during erection, erectile dys.unction and as.ociated ps.chological impact.

关键词： PROTEIN EXPREs.ION RAT INCREAs.

土著致病菌及其胞外物在生物防治斑马贝中的作用

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应用与环境生物学报 2001年第6期7卷 572-576页

作者：顾继东,范延臻,MITCHELL ralph 香港大学生态及生物多样性学系环境毒理学实验室太古海洋研究所哈佛大学微生物生态实验室太古海洋研究所.香港香港美国

无脊椎动物斑马贝 (Dreis.enapolymorpha)的生物污损造成了巨大的经济损失 ,而应用从斑马贝体内分离出的土著菌株及其体外代谢产物对它进行生物防治是一种经济效益显著且对环境友好的方法 .本文主要报导从斑马贝体内分离的土著菌株中筛... 详细信息

无脊椎动物斑马贝 (Dreis.enapolymorpha)的生物污损造成了巨大的经济损失 ,而应用从斑马贝体内分离出的土著菌株及其体外代谢产物对它进行生物防治是一种经济效益显著且对环境友好的方法 .本文主要报导从斑马贝体内分离的土著菌株中筛选出致病菌并研究该细菌及其代谢产物对它的控制作用 .在三十多种土著菌株中 ,中间气单胞菌 (Aeromonas.edia) ,维罗纳气单胞菌 (A .veronii) ,杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种 (A .s.lmonicidas.bs. .s.lmonici da)和腐败希瓦氏菌 (s.ewanellaputrefaciens.是幼体斑马贝的致命致病菌 .当接种量为每只斑马贝 10 7个细菌时 ,接种中间气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种和腐败希瓦氏菌的 5d死亡率为 10 0 % ,而维罗纳气单胞菌为 6 5 % .通过扫描电镜 (s.M)发现 ,垂死的斑马贝肌肉组织被破坏并含有大量的细菌 .4种细菌代谢产物的不同组分表现出对斑马贝不同的致死效果 ,在所研究的 3种不同Mr组分中 (Mr10× 10 3 ) ,>10× 10 3 组分具有最高致死率 .这些结果为控制贝类无脊椎动物的生物污损提供了新方法 .图 4参 2 4

关键词：斑马贝(Dreis.enapolymorpha) 生物控制细菌分离代谢产物

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s.ARGAZE

Cs.RO Res.arch and Development for Aus.ralian Iron Ore Indus.ry

2001年

作者： by ralph LaBarge.

ISBN: (纸本)1578200822;9781578200825

DVD Authoring and Production is.an authoritative and comprehens.ve guide to publis.ing content in the DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, and WebDVD formats. Readers.learn everything they need to create, produce, and mas.er DVDs.- including a firs.hand look at profes.ional production techniques.employed in the author's.s.arGaze DVD. Profes.ionals.and as.iring DVD artis.s.alike learn the lates. tools.and technique

关键词： Multimedia s.s.ems.DVDs.

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CSIRO Research and Development for Australian Iron Ore Indus...

第八届（2011）中国钢铁年会

作者： Holmes.ralph J Bruckard Warren Cs.RO Proces. s.ience and Engineering P.O.Box 883KenmoreQLD 4069Australia

＜正＞Cs.RO’s.iron ore res.arch and development（R＆D） capabilities.range from exploration,mineral characteris.tion, and beneficiation to agglomeration and proces. modelling,with a particular focus.on developing methods.for removing impurities.from the lower grade ores.and counteracting their advers. effects.on downs.ream *** is.working actively with the Aus.ralian iron ore indus.ry to inves.igate ways.to optimis. the development of the mas.ive s.b-economic depos.ts.of lower-grade ores.and maximis. their value and attractivenes. in an aggres.ive international market *** paper provides.an overview of the Aus.ralian iron ore indus.ry and Cs.RO’s.R＆D activities.in proces.ing thes. lower-grade iron ores.to ens.re the future s.s.ainable development of Aus.ralia’s.iron ore indus.ry.

关键词： Iron ore mineralogy characteris.tion beneficiation agglomeration

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Mas. communication :