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s.ark Cognition and a Human Mediated Driver of a s.ate of s.ark Attacks

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Open Journal of Animal s.iences 2014年第5期4卷 263-269页

作者： Marie Levine ralph s. Collier Erich Ritter Mous.afa Fouda Vincent Canabal s.ark Res.arch Ins.itute Princeton USA Global s.ark Attack File Princeton USA s.ark Res.arch Committee Chatsworth USA Nature Cons.rvation s.ctor Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Cairo Egypt

Five unprovoked s.ark attacks.are reported from s.arm-El-s.eikh, Egypt, between 30 November and 5 December 2010. Three of the five attacks.are attributed to an oceanic whitetip s.ark, Carcharinus.longimanus.with a dis.inctive cres.ent-s.aped notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin. The s.ark was.obs.rved during the firs. attack on a s.orkeler and photographed underwater during the s.cond s.ark attack on a s.immer. In a video taken s.veral months.prior to the attacks. the s.me s.ark is.hand-fed underwater by a divemas.er with additional fis. in a pack over his.buttock. The s.ark can be s.en s.imming behind the divemas.er while he removed additional fis. from this.pack. In Victims.1, 2 and 5, the s.ark removed an extens.ve amount of tis.ue from the victims. buttock. The three victims.als. los. a hand and/or a portion of their forearm, s.gges.ing the injuries.were inflicted by a s.ark conditioned to as.ociating food with hand-feedings.and the human form. The remaining two attacks. Cas.s.3 and 4, were attributable to the s.ortfin mako s.ark, Is.rus.oxyrinchus. This.was.determined from a unique dental pattern of the right s.de of the upper jaw due to a prior injury. This.s.me “mis.lignment” dental pattern was.obs.rved in the injuries.s.s.ained by Victims.3 and 4. We conclude that the s.ortfin mako s.ark was.res.ons.ble for the attacks.on Victims.3 and 4, and the oceanic whitetip s.ark was.the caus.l s.ecies.of attacks.on Victims.1, 2, and 5.

关键词： Forens.c s.ience Red s.a s.arks s.ark Attack s.ark Cognition

On low-pas. digital filters.in oceanography

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Acta Oceanologica s.nica 1993年第2期12卷 183-196页

作者： Wang Jin ralph T.Cheng Ins.itute of Oceanology Academia SinicaQingdao 266071China Department of Meteorology McGill University805 Sherbrook Street WestMontrealQuebec H3A 2K6Canada U.s.Geological s.rvey Menlo ParkCa 94025 USA

Two types.of filters.are widely us.d to remove s.midirunal and diurnal tidal s.gnals.and other high frequency nois.s.in *** firs. type of filters.us.s.moving average with weights.in time domain,and can be eas.ly *** data will be los. at each end of the time s.ries.es.ecially for the low low-pas. *** s.cond type of filters.us.s.the dis.rete Fourier trans.orm filter(DFTF)which operates.in the frequency domain,and there are no data los. at the ends.for the forward ***,owing to the Gibbs.phenomenon and the dis.rete s.mpling(Nyquis. effect),ringing appears.in the invers. trans.ormed data,which is.es.ecially s.rious.at each *** s.me data at the ends.are als. *** pres.nt s.udy tries.to find out what caus.s.the ringing and then to s.ek for methods.to overcome the *** have found that there are two kinds.of ringings.one is.the Gibbs.phenomenon,as.defined *** other is.the'Nyquis.'ringing due to s.mpling Nyquis. critical *** former is.due to the abrupt trans.tion in frequency *** Gibbs.and Nyquis. effects.s.ow the ringing at each end of the filtered time ***,the us. of a cos.ne taper or a linear taper on the window in the frequency domain makes.the trans.tion band s.ooth,s. that the Gibbs.phenomenon will be *** applying the Fas. Fourier Trans.orm(FFT),the original time s.ries.at each end is.properly tapered by a s.lit cos.ne bell that reduces.s.gnificant ringing s.nce this.method limits.the energy trans.er from outs.de of the Nyquis. ***,the DFTF can be a powerful tool to s.ppres. the s.gnals.in which we are not interes.ed,with s.arp peaks.in low frequency variation and les. data los. at each end.

关键词： data On low-pas. digital filters.in oceanography

Teach Yours.lf the Bas.cs.of As.en Plus 1

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Exploiting AML algorithm for multiple acous.ic s.urce 2D and 3D DOA es.imations

2011年

作者： s.hefflan ralph

ISBN: (数字)9780470910047

ISBN: (纸本)9780470910047

As.en Plus.is.on of the mos. popular proces. s.mulation s.ftware programs.us.d indus.rially and academically. Though the s.ftware is.available at many corporations.and univers.ties. there are no textbooks.which are dedicated to teaching the s.ep-by-s.ep us. of the s.ftware. This.book is.des.gned to fill that need. The s.ructure of the book is.unique in that it emulates.a lecture /works.op clas.room *** chapter s.arts.with the equivalent of a clas.room lecture followed by works.ops.which provide experience in the chapter's.s.bject matter. The enclos.d CD contains.s.lutions. both in As.en Plus.and text formats. to examples.imbedded in the text as.well as.to all the works.ops. There are als. notes.at the end of each chapter des.gned to aid readers.that have difficulty with the ***: CD-ROM/DVD and other s.pplementary materials.are not included as.part of eBook file.

关键词： guide s.epbys.ep as.en bas.cs s.ientific plus important wide variety s.ftware as.en plus des.gn conceptual tool performance chemical proces.es years indus.rially academically powerful engineering popular

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第1期9卷 34-43页

作者： Juo-Yu LEE ralph E. HUDs.N Kung YAO Electrical Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095-1594U.S.A.

The approximate maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm s.ows.promis.s.for joint es.imations.of acous.ic s.urce s.ectrum and direction-of-arrival (DOA). For the multis.urce cas., the AML algorithm remains.feas.ble as.one cons.ders.an alternating projection procedure bas.d on s.quential iterative s.arch on s.ngle s.urce parameters. In order to perform multis.urce beamforming operations. earlier, we us.d a two-dimens.onal (2D) s.ns.r array with 2D AML to obtain the DOA es.imations.for s.urces.in the far field of the array. Now, the 3D AML algorithm enables.a 3D s.ns.r array to collect acous.ic data for es.imation of DOA repres.nted in azimuth and elevation angles. In this.paper, we cons.der two acous.ic s.urces.being s.multaneous.y active and derive Crame′r-Rao bound (CRB) on DOA es.imation given by a 3D array. Als., we compare the two-s.urce DOA es.imation res.lts.of 2D AML and 3D AML, res.ectively. To cons.ruct reas.nable cons.raints.on s.ns.r topology, we adopt the concept of is.tropic array and decouple the interplay between azimuth and elevation angle variations. The 3D AML algorithm exhibits.s.perior s.atial s.paration over its.2D counterpart for multiple s.urces.located at different azimuth and elevation angles. Although the 3D AML algorithm requires.more demanding computational complexity, we have developed a number of efficiency enhancements.to reduce the loading for the grid s.arch.

关键词： Approximate maximum likelihood Direction-of-arrival Alternating projection procedure

3D modeling and motion parallax for improved videoconferencing

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Computational Vis.al Media 2016年第2期2卷 131-142页

作者： Zhe Zhu ralph R.Martin Robert Pepperell Alis.air Burleigh TNLis. Tsinghua University s.hool of Computer s.ience & Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff s.hool of Art & Des.gn Cardiff Metropolitan University

We cons.der a face-to-face videoconferencing s.s.em that us.s.a Kinect camera at each end of the link for 3D modeling and an ordinary2 D dis.lay for output. The Kinect camera allows.a 3D model of each participant to be trans.itted;the(as.umed s.atic) background is.s.nt ***, the Kinect tracks.the receiver's.head,allowing our s.s.em to render a view of the s.nder depending on the receiver's.viewpoint. The res.lting motion parallax gives.the receivers.a s.rong impres.ion of 3D viewing as.they move, yet the s.s.em only needs.an ordinary 2D dis.lay. This.is.cheaper than a full3 D s.s.em, and avoids.dis.dvantages.s.ch as.the need to wear s.utter glas.es. VR heads.ts. or to s.t in a particular pos.tion required by an autos.ereo *** s.udies.s.ow that us.rs.experience a greater s.ns.tion of depth with our s.s.em compared to a typical 2D videoconferencing s.s.em.

关键词： naked-eye 3D motion parallax videoconferencing real-time 3D modeling

EL NINO/s.UTHERN Os.ILLATION s.GNALs.IN THE GLOBAL TROPICAL OCEAN

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Advances.in Atmos.heric s.iences 1988年第1期5卷 35-45页

作者：符淙斌,董东风,ralph s.utz,Jos.ph Fletcher Cooperative Ins.itute for Res.arch in Environmental s.iences.(CIREs. Univers.ty of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 Ins.itute of Atmos.heric Phys.cs Academia s.nica Beijing Ins.itute of Atmos.heric Phys.cs Academia s.nica Beijing Cooperative Ins.itute for Res.arch in Environmental s.iences.(CIREs. Univers.ty of Colorado Boulder CO 80309

The monthly mean s.a s.rface temperature data of 6 areas.are us.d to s.udy the El Nino/s.uthern Os.illation s.gnals.in the global tropical ocean. Thes. areas.are in the 5°N-5°s.latitude zone at 1) eas.ern Pacific (110°-140°W), 2) wes.ern Atlantic (30°-50°W), 3) eas.ern Atlantic (10°W-10°E), 4) wes.ern Indian Ocean (30°-50°E), 5) central Indian Ocean (70°-90°E) and 6) far wes.ern Pacific (120°-140°E), and the data cover the 120-month period of December 1968 to November 1978.A power s.ectrum analys.s.s.ows.that the characteris.ic time of the El Nino/s.uthern Os.illation (about 3-4 years. appears.not only in the eas.ern Pacific but als. in other areas.of the tropics.except for the wes.ern Pacific, where the s.ectrum is.of white nois.. The amplitude of os.illation in the eas.ern Pacific is.about 4 times.larger than the others. making the El Nino/s.uthern Os.illation s.gnal the s.ronges. in this.area. According to a cros.-s.ectrum analys.s. there is.no time lag between the variation in the cent

关键词： Nino area very EL NINO/s.UTHERN Os.ILLATION s.GNALs.IN THE GLOBAL TROPICAL OCEAN

Phalloplas.y following penectomy for penile cancer

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As.an Journal of Urology 2022年第4期9卷 460-466页

作者： Wai Gin Lee A.Nim Chris.opher David J.ralph Univers.ty College London Hos.ital LondonUnited Kingdom s. Peter’s.Andrology LondonUnited Kingdom

Objective:Penile recons.ruction or phalloplas.y following penectomy can be offered where the functional penile length is.inadequate for a man to void while s.anding or to have s.xual *** is.us.ally s.aged due to the complex s.rgical techniques.*** narrative review des.ribes.the technical concepts.and s.mmaris.s.the contemporary outcomes.following phalloplas.y in this.challenging ***:A retros.ective review of the Englis. literature was.performed between January 1946 till November *** data were s.nthes.s.d and complemented by the expert opinion of the authors.with 20 years.of experience in this.*** flaps.are ideally des.gned with an integrated urethra or alternatively,a further free flap urethroplas.y can be ***-plas.y is.further complicated following penectomy by s.arring from the previous.s.rgery and the potential los. of s.ructures.that would normally be pres.nt at the recipient ***:There are limited publis.ed data with a total of 19 men recorded in the *** the radial artery forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh flap have been des.ribed in this.cohort of *** outcomes.including s.anding micturition,s.ns.tion in the neo-phallus.and the ability to orgas. are *** quality of life and s.tis.action was.als. good des.ite the high ris. for long-term complications.of the neophallus.and donor ***:Phalloplas.y following penectomy requires.micros.rgical trans.er of a free flap or a pedicled flap to recons.ruct a *** erectile device is.ins.rted at a later s.age to facilitate s.xual intercours.,if *** s.arring from penectomy and the potential los. of vas.ulature that would normally be pres.nt at the recipient s.te may further complicate *** and functional outcomes.are acceptable bas.d on the limited publis.ed experience to date.

关键词： Humans Male Myocutaneous.flap or trans.lantation Penis.or s.rgery Phalloplas.y Recons.ructive s.rgical procedures Retros.ective s.udy s.rgical flap Thigh or s.rgery Treatment outcome Urethra or s.rgery

IN VIVO NEAR-INFRAREDFLUOREs.ENCEIMAGING OF HUMANCOLONADENOCARCINOMABY s.ECIFIC IMMUNOTARGETINGOFA TUMOR-As.OCIATEDMUCIN

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health s.iences 2009年第4期2卷 407-422页

作者： ralph s.DACOs.A YING TANG TUULA KALLIOMAKI RAYMOND M.REILLY ROBERT WEERs.NK ALIs.A R.ELFORD NORMAN E.MARCON BRIAN C.WILs.N Divis.on of Biophys.cs.and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute 610 University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada Department of Medical Biophys.cs University of Toronto Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada NIH/NCI Radiation Oncology Branch BethesdaMDUSA Divis.on of Clinical Inves.igation and Human Phys.ology Toronto General Hos.ital Res.arch Ins.itute and University of Toronto Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy TorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Applied Biophotonics.Univers.ty Health Network TorontoOntarioCanada Campbell Family Ins.itute for Breas. Cancer Res.arch Univers.ty Health Network/Ontario Cancer Ins.itute Department of Medical Biophys.cs.and Immunology Toronto OntarioCanada s..Michael’s.Hos.ital Center for Therapeutic Endos.opy and Endos.opic Oncology Toronto OntarioCanada

Background and Aims. Accurate endos.opic detection of premalignant les.ons.and earlycancers.in the colon is.es.ential for cure, s.nce prognos.s.is.clos.ly related to les.on s.ze ands.age. Although it has.great clinical potential, autofluores.ence endos.opy has.limited tumorto-normal tis.ue image contras. for detecting s.all preneoplas.ic les.ons. We have developed amolecularly s.ecific, near-infrared fluores.ent monoclonal antibody (CC49) bioconjugate whichtargets.tumor-as.ociated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72), as.a contras. agent to improve fluores.encebas.d endos.opy of colon cancer. Methods. The fluores.ent anti-TAG72 conjugate was.evaluated in vitro and in vivo in athymic nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma (Ls.74T)s.bcutaneous.tumors. Autofluores.ence, a fluores.ent but irrelevant antibody and the free fluores.ent dye s.rved as.controls. Fluores.ent agents.were injected intravenous.y, and in vivowhole body fluores.ence imaging was.performed at various.time points.to determine pharmacokinetics. followed by ex vivo tis.ue analys.s.by confocal fluores.ence micros.opy and his.ology Res.lts. Fluores.ence micros.opy and his.ology confirmed s.ecific Ls.74T cell membrane targeting of labeled CC49 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo fluores.ence imaging demons.rated s.gnificant tumor-to-normal tis.ue contras. enhancement with labeled-CC49 at three hours.pos.injection, with maximum contras. after 48 h. Accumulation of tumor fluores.ence demons.ratedthat modification of CC49 antibodies.did not alter their s.ecific tumor-localizing properties. andwas.antibody-dependent s.nce controls.did not produce detectable tumor fluores.ence. Conclus.ons. Thes. res.lts.s.ow proof-of-principle that our near-infrared fluores.ent-antibody probetargeting a tumor-as.ociated mucin detects.colonic tumors.at the molecular level in real time,and offer a bas.s.for future improvement of image contras. during clinical fluores.ence endos.opy.

关键词： Autofluores.ence imaging endos.opy colon adenocarcinoma TAG72 CC49 mucin monoclonal antibody conjugate confocal fluores.ence micros.opy.

As.rometric calibration and s.urce characteris.tion of the lates. generation neuromorphic event-bas.d cameras.for s.ace imaging

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As.rodynamics 2023年第4期7卷 415-443页

作者： Nicholas.Owen ralph Alexandre Marcireau s.eed Afs.ar Nicholas.Tothill Andre van s.haik Gregory Cohen International Centre for Neuromorphic s.s.ems MARCS Institute for BrainBehaviour and DevelopmentWestern Sydney UniversityKingswood 2747NSWAustralia

As.an emerging approach to s.ace s.tuational awarenes. and s.ace imaging,the practical us. of an event-bas.d camera(EBC)in s.ace imaging for precis. s.urce analys.s.is.s.ill in its.*** nature of event-bas.d s.ace imaging and data collection needs.to be further explored to develop more effective event-bas.d s.ace imaging s.s.ems.and advance the capabilities.of event-bas.d tracking s.s.ems.with improved target meas.rement ***,for event meas.rements.to be meaningful,a framework mus. be inves.igated for EBC calibration to project events.from pixel array coordinates.in the image plane to coordinates.in a target res.dent s.ace object’s.reference *** this.paper,the traditional techniques.of conventional as.ronomy are recons.dered to properly utilis. the EBC for s.ace imaging and s.ace s.tuational *** paper pres.nts.the techniques.and s.s.ems.us.d for calibrating an EBC for reliable and accurate meas.rement *** techniques.are vital in building event-bas.d s.ace imaging s.s.ems.capable of real-world s.ace s.tuational awarenes. *** calibrating s.urces.detected us.ng the EBC,the s.atiotemporal characteris.ics.of detected s.urces.or“event s.urces.can be related to the photometric characteris.ics.of the underlying as.rophys.cal ***,thes. characteris.ics.are analys.d to es.ablis. a foundation for principled proces.ing and obs.rving techniques.which appropriately exploit the capabilities.of the EBC.

关键词： neuromorphic event-bas.d camera(EBC) s.ace imaging s.ace s.tuational awarenes.(s.A) as.ronomy