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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Ama b. Yeboah daniel K. Sabbah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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How to establish an endoscopic bariatric practice

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第4期16卷 178-186页

作者： daniel b Maselli Lauren L Donnangelo brian Coan Christopher E McGowan Clinical Research True You Weight LossAtlantaGA 30342United States Clinical Research True You Weight LossCaryNC 27513United States

Obesity is a chronic,progressive,and relapsing disease of excess adiposity that contributes to more than two hundred medical conditions and is projected to affect more than half the adult population of the United States by the year *** the limited penetrance of traditional bariatric surgery,as well as the cost and adherence barriers to anti-obesity medications,there is growing interest in the rapidly evolving field of endoscopic bariatric therapies(EbTs).EbTs are minimally invasive,same-day,per-oral endoscopic procedures and include endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty,intragastric balloons,and endoscopic bariatric revisional *** field represents an exciting and innovative subspe-cialty within ***,building a successful endoscopic bariatric practice requires intentional,coordinated,and sustained efforts to overcome the numerous obstacles to *** barriers include acquisition of the technical and cognitive skillset,practice limitations including the availability of nutrition counseling,facility capabilities,direct-to-consumer marketing,and financial pressures such as facility and anesthesia *** the highest-volume center for metabolic and bariatric endoscopy in the United States,we provide insights into successfully establishing an endoscopic bariatric program.

关键词： Obesity Endoscopic bariatric therapies bariatric endoscopy Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty Intragastric balloon Practice management

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Study on the tunnel shape and soil-lining interaction influencing the lining behavior under seismic loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第4期23卷 845-862页

作者： Van Vi Pham Ngoc Anh Do Piotr Osinski Ngoc Thai Do daniel Dias Sustainable Development in Underground Engineering Research Team Hanoi University of Mining and GeologyHanoiVietnam Department of Underground and Mining Construction Faculty of Civil EngineeringHanoi University of Mining and GeologyHanoiVietnam Department of Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Civil EngineeringWarsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGWWarszawaPoland Laboratory 3SR Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble 38400France

The response of tunnels subjected to seismic loading is a complex mechanism and depends not only on the seismic nature but also on tunnel structure and surrounding soil *** individual behavior of circular,rectangular,and sub-rectangular tunnels subjected to seismic loadings has already been studied in the *** the present research,two case scenarios of circular,rectangular tunnels and four sub-rectangular shaped tunnels,with similar cross-section areas,were adopted to perform a comprehensive numerical *** purpose of the study was to determine the mechanical behavior of tunnels of different shapes,depending upon seismic *** were performed by considering the influence of soil-lining interaction,soil parameters,and lining thickness,as well as lining *** were performed for no-slip and full-slip *** results indicate that the tunnel shape design is of great importance when regarding the mechanical behavior of the surrounding *** concerns no-slip as well as full-slip soil-lining interaction,especially when the lining is subjected to seismic ***,it is shown that changes in incremental bending moments for circular,rectangular and sub-rectangular tunnels that depend upon the soil-lining interaction conditions differ significantly.

关键词： tunnel shape soil-lining interaction seismic loading internal forces numerical analysis

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Dominance of transposable element‑related satDNAs results in great complexity of“satDNA library”and invokes the extension towards“repetitive DNA library”

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 236-251页

作者： Monika Tunjić‑Cvitanić daniel García‑Souto Juan J.Pasantes EvaŠatović‑Vukšić Division of Molecular biology Ruđer BoškovićInstitute10000 ZagrebCroatia Genomes and Disease Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases(CIMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela15706 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical AnthropologyUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15706 Santiago de CompostelaSpain Centro de Investigación Mariña Dpto de BioquímicaXenética e InmunoloxíaUniversidade de Vigo36310 VigoSpain

Research on bivalves is fast-growing,including genome-wide analyses and genome *** characteristics qualify oysters as a valuable model to explore repetitive DNA sequences and their genome *** we char-acterize the satellitomes of five species in the family Ostreidae(Crassostrea angulata,***,***,***,Ostrea edulis),revealing a substantial number of satellite DNAs(satDNAs)per genome(ranging between 33 and 61)and peculiarities in the composition of their *** satDNAs were either associated to or derived from transposable elements,displaying a scarcity of transposable element-unrelated satDNAs in these *** to the non-conventional satellitome constitution and dominance of Helitron-associated satDNAs,comparative satellitomics demanded more in-depth analyses than standardly *** analyses(including ***,the first bivalve species with a defined satellitome)revealed that 13 satDNAs occur in all six oyster genomes,with Cg170/HindIII satDNA being the most abundant in all of *** the“satDNA library model”highlighted the necessity to adjust this term when studying tandem repeat evolution in organisms with such *** repetitive sequences with potential variation in the organizational form and repeat-type affiliation are examined across related species,the introduction of the terms“TE library”and“repetitive DNA library”becomes essential.

关键词： Satellitome Comparative satellitomics Helitron bivalves “Dark matter of the genome”

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Efficiency and effectiveness of systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater based on subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 118-128页

作者： Yvelisse Pérez Enmanuel Vargas daniel Garcia-Cortes William Hernandez Humberto Checo Ulises Jauregui-Haza Area de Ciencias basicas y Ambientales Instituto Tecnologico de Santo Domingo(INTEC)Avenida de Los Proceres 49Los Jardines del NorteSanto Domingo 10602Dominican Republic Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Calle Cayetano Germosen esq.Ave.LuperonEl PedregalSanto Domingo 11107Dominican Republic Plan Yaque Calle Estela Geraldino 14 AltosJarabacoa 41000Dominican Republic Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences University of HavanaHavana 10400Cuba

Constructed wetlands(CwW)are well known nature-based systems for water *** study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of seven domestic wastewater treatment systems based on horizontal flow CWs in Jarabacoa,the Dominican *** results showed that the CWs were efficient in reducing the degree of contamination of wastewater to levels below the Dominican wastewater discharge standards for parameters such as the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand(bOD5)and chemical oxygen demand,but not for the removal of phosphorus and fecal *** addition,a horizontal flow subsurface wetland in the peri-urban area El Dorado was evaluated in terms of the performance of wastewater treatment in tropical climatic *** concentrations of heavy metals,such as zinc,copper,chromium,and iron,were found to decrease in the effluent of the wetland,and the concentrations for nickel and manganese tended to *** levels of heavy metals in the effluent were lower than the limit values of the Dominican wastewater discharge *** construction cost of these facilities was around 200 USD per population equivalent,similar to the cost in other countries in the same *** study suggested some solutions to the improved performance of CWs:selection of a microbial flora that guarantees the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to molecular nitrogen,use of endemic plants that bioaccumulate heavy metals,combination of constructed wetlands with filtration on activated carbon,and inclusion of water purification processes that allow to evaluate the reuse of treated water.

关键词： Domestic wastewater Constructed wetland bOD COD Pathogens Heavy metals

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Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens)toward egg deposition sites

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1231-1248页

作者： Patrick Klüber Emna Arous Jeanny Jerschow Marco Fraatz daniel bakonyi Martin Rühl Holger Zorn Department bioresources Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyGiessenGermany Institute of Food Chemistry and Food biotechnology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,comes with big promises for industrial purposes since its larvae feed polyphagously on a broad spectrum of organic ***,research focusing on adult flies is scarce,which is inconsistent with their reproductive relevance within the rearing *** particular,directed oviposition is a challenge in artificial ***,decomposing organic matter is commonly used as oviposition substrate,which has extensive potential for improvement in view of the lack of standardization and the risk of microbial ***,we identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from the surface of old oviposition sites and targeted to elucidate their effect on preference behavior and oviposition site selection using Y-olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites,*** to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females and stimulated oviposition most strongly,while decanoic acid demonstrated a repulsive *** kept in mixed-sex populations were attracted by tetradecanoic acid,resulting in a higher egg mass found in the compound box(3.0–11.4 fold),a≥2.3 fold reduction of nonspecifically deposited eggs,and the highest total egg ***,decanoic and dodecanoic acid caused females to lay a greater proportion of eggs nonspecifically outside both *** data suggest that fatty acids,especially tetradecanoic acid,are important cues for oviposition site selection in black soldier *** order to achieve a directed oviposition behavior,the role of further short-and long-chain fatty acids as attractants should be examined.

关键词： black soldier fly Hermetia illucens fatty acids insects as food and feed oviposition oviposition site selection tetradecanoic acid

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Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 634-643页

作者： Joshua Ladau Eoin L.brodie Nicola Falco Ishan bansal Elijah b.Hoffman Marcin P.Joachimiak Ana M.Mora Angelica M.Walker Haruko M.Wainwright Yulun Wu Mirko Pavicic daniel Jacobson Matthias Hess James b.brown Katrina Abuabara Departments of Computational Precision Health and Dermatology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94115USA Arva Intelligence Inc.Salt Lake CityUT84101USA Computational biosciences Group Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in biostatistics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA biosystems Data Science Environmental Genomics and Systems BiologyLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Environmental Research and Community Health(CERCH) School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyBostonMA02139USA biosciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37830USA University of California DavisCA95616USA Statistics Department University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Division of Epidemiology and biostatistics University of California Berkeley School of Public Health2121 Berkeley WayBerkeleyCA94720USA

Objectives We aim to estimate geographic variability in total numbers of infections and infection fatality ratios(IFR;the number of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people)when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are limited during an *** We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek *** demonstrate the robustness,accuracy,and precision of this framework,and apply it to the United States(U.S.)COVID-19 pandemic to estimate county-level SARS-CoV-2 *** The estimators for the numbers of infections and IFRs showed high accuracy and precision;for instance,when applied to simulated validation data sets,across counties,Pearson correlation coefficients between estimator means and true values were 0.996 and 0.928,respectively,and they showed strong robustness to model *** the county-level estimators to the real,unsimulated COVID-19 data spanning April 1,2020 to September 30,2020 from across the U.S.,we found that IFRs varied from 0 to 44.69,with a standard deviation of 3.55 and a median of *** The proposed estimation framework can be used to identify geographic variation in IFRs across settings.

关键词： Infection fatality ratio Infection fatality rate Noncentral hypergeometric distribution COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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Modeling the effect of stand and site characteristics on the probability of mistletoe infestation in Scots pine stands using remote sensing data

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 296-306页

作者： Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska Piotr Janiec Pawel Hawrylo Jacek Slopek Anna Zielonka Pawel Netzel daniel Janczyk Jaroslaw Socha Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAl.29 Listopada 46Krakow31-425Poland Forest Management and Geodesy bureau Ul.Lesnikow 2105-090Sekocin StaryPoland Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography Institute of Geography and Regional DevelopmentFaculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of WroclawPl.Uniwersytecki 1WroclawPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Faculty of Geography&GeologyJagiellonian University in KrakowUl.Gronostajowa 730-387Poland Torun Regional Directorate of State Forests Ul.Adama Mickiewicza 987-100TorunPoland

Over the past decade,the presence of mistletoe(Viscum album ***)in Scots pine stands has increased in many European *** the factors that influence the occurrence of mistletoe in stands is key to making appropriate forest management decisions to limit damage and prevent the spread of mistletoe in the ***,the main objective of this study was to determine the probability of mistletoe occurrence in Scots pine stands in relation to stand-related endogenous factors such as age,top height,and stand density,as well as topographic and edaphic *** used unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery from 2,247 stands to detect mistletoe in Scots pine stands,while majority stand and site characteristics were calculated from airborne laser scanning(ALS)*** on stand age and site type from the State Forest database were also *** found that mistletoe infestation in Scots pine stands is influenced by stand and site *** documented that the densest,tallest,and oldest stands were more susceptible to mistletoe *** type and specific microsite conditions associated with topography were also important factors driving mistletoe *** addition,climatic water balance was a significant factor in increasing the probability of mistletoe occurrence,which is important in the context of predicted temperature increases associated with climate *** results are important for better understanding patterns of mistletoe infestation and ecosystem functioning under climate *** an era of climate change and technological development,the use of remote sensing methods to determine the risk of mistletoe infestation can be a very useful tool for managing forest ecosystems to maintain forest sustainability and prevent forest disturbance.

关键词： Generalized additive models Tree infestation Mistletoe occurrence ALS UAV Scots pine

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Vanadium mineralization at Los Chihuidos sediment-hosted Cu-V deposit,Neuquén basin,Argentina:An approach to vanadium ore forming processes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 225-246页

作者： Ana L.Rainoldi daniel beaufort Marta b.Franchini Adolfo Giusiano Sabine Petit Patricia Patrier M.Josefina Pons Dpto.de Geología Universidad Nacional del Sur(UNS)8000 Bahía BlancaArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Centro Patagónico de Estudios MetalogenéticosArgentina Universitéde Poitiers IC2MPCNRS-UMR 7285HydrasaF-86022 Poitiers CedexFrance Universidad Nacional del Comahue Facultad de IngenieríaDepartamento de Geología y Petróleo8300 NeuquénArgentina Consultant Geologist 8300 NeuquénArgentina Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y GeologíaRío NegroArgentina

Vanadium mineralization at Los Chihuidos deposit of the Neuquén basin is linked to the development of a redox front system related to the inflow of hydrocarbons into the red sandstone of the Huincul *** of hydrocarbons with oxidized red beds and connate water generated redox reactions where hematite was dissolved due to iron reduction resulting in the discoloration of the red *** the contact between oxidized red sandstone and reduced white sandstone,precipitation of specific mineral phases resulted in the V ore with minor amounts of *** the implementation of the redox interface,abundant V-montmorillonite and V-hematite precipitated at the more oxidizing conditions and Cu-V-corrensite-type at the more reducing conditions of the redox *** the redox front advanced with fluids constantly migrating into the reservoir,more reducing conditions were stablished,promoting chloritization and minor illitization with V-Cu incorporation and continuous upgrading of the *** ore mineralogy consists of clay minerals including V-bearing montmorillonite,Cu-V-corrensite-type,V-di-trioctahedral chlorite and Cu-tri-trioctahedral chlorite with minor V-illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals and associated secondary *** over illitization was favored due to high amounts of Fe and Mg in detrital clasts and in connate fluids and by low K availability related to low amounts of detrital *** spatial transition of V and/or Cu bearing clay minerals observed through the mineralized redox front at Los Chihuidos deposit(kaolinite→smectite→illite/smectite→corrensite-type→di-trioctahedral-chlorite→tri-trioctahedral-chlorite)and the related variation of V-Cu concentrations in bulk rock are indicative of increasing pH and decreasing Eh of resident solutions from red to white sandstones during the hypogene mineralization *** influx of Cu-rich oxidized basinal brines precipitated main copper ore with Cu-sulfides in the white sandst

关键词： Clay minerals V-chlorite Redox front bleaching Hydrocarbons

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Utilizing semantic-level computer vision for fracture trace characterization of hard rock pillars in underground space

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 366-391页

作者： Chuanqi Li Jian Zhou daniel Dias Laboratory 3SR CNRS UMR 5521Grenoble Alpes UniversityGrenoble 38000France School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

This study utilizes a semantic-level computer vision-based detection to characterize fracture traces of hard rock pillars in underground *** trace images captured by photogrammetry are used to establish the database for training two convolutional neural network(CNN)-based models,i.e.,U-Net(University of Freiburg,Germany)and DeepLabV3+(Google,USA)*** code technology,polyline approximation algorithm,and the circular window scanning approach are combined to quantify the main characteristics of fracture traces on flat and uneven surfaces,including trace length,dip angle,density,and *** extraction results indicate that the CNN-based models have better performances than the edge detection methods-based Canny and Sobel operators for extracting the trace and reducing noise,especially the DeepLabV3+***,the quantization results further prove the reliability of extracting the fracture *** a result,a case study with two types of traces(i.e.,on flat and uneven surfaces)demonstrates that the applied semantic-level computer vision detection is an accurate and efficient approach for characterizing the fracture trace of hard rock pillars.

关键词： Fracture trace Hard rock pillar Semantic-level computer vision Convolutional neural network(CNN) Underground space

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