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Process and Mechanism for the Development of Physical Crusts in Three Typical Chinese Soils

Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 321-332页

作者： bu chong-feng W.J.GALE CAI Qiang-Guo WU Shu-Fang Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University

To compare the development of physical crusts in three typical cultivated soils of China, a black soil （Luvic Phaeozem）, a loess soil （Haplic Luvisol）, and a purple soil （Calcaric Regosol） were packed in splash plates with covered and uncovered treatments, and exposed to simulated rainfall. Meshes covered above the surfaces of half of soil samples to simulate the effects of crop residue on crusting. The results indicated a progressive breakdown of aggregates on the soil surface as rainfall continued. The bulk density and shear strength on the surface of the three soil types increased logarithmically as rainfall duration increased. During the first 30 min of simulated rainfall, the purple soil developed a 7-8 mm thick crust and the loess soil developed a 3-4 mm thick crust. The black soil developed a distinguishable, but still unstable, crust after 80 rain of simulated rainfall. Soil organic matter （SOM） content, the mean weight diameter （MWD） of soil aggregates, and soil clay content were negatively correlated with the rate of crust formation, whereas the percentage of aggregate dispersion （PAD）, the exchangeable sodium percentage （ESP）, and the silt and sand contents were positively correlated with crusting. Mechanical breakdown caused by raindrop impact was the primary mechanism of crust formation in the black soil with more stable aggregates （MWD 25.0 mm, PAD 3.1%） and higher SOM content （42.6 g kg-1）. Slaking and mechanical eluviation were the primary mechanisms of crust formation in the purple soil with low clay content （103 g kg-1）, cation exchange capacity （CEC, 228 mmol kg-1）, ESP （0.60%）, and SOM （17.2 g kg-1）. Mechanical breakdown and slaking were the most important in the loess soil with low CEC （80.6 mmol kg-1）, ESP （1.29%）, SOM （9.82 g kg-1）, and high PAD （71.7%） and MWD （4.6 mm）. Simulated residue cover reduced crust formation in black and loess soils, but increased crust formation in purple soil.

关键词： aggregate bulk density shear strength simulated rainfall soil properties

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Enhancement and Removal of PM_(2.5)by Cold and Warm Air Masses Accompanying Certain Synoptic Weather Systems across Hangzhou,China during 2014-2020

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 620-634页

作者： bu YU feng CHEN Hanqing KANG Bin ZHU Hongnian LIU Hangzhou Meteorological bureau Hangzhou310051China Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center for Urban Governance Studies Hangzhou311121China Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hangzhou310008China Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Local air pollution is strongly affected by synoptic weather systems,such as fronts,troughs,low-altitude vortices,or high-altitude ***,few studies have analyzed the meteorological properties of cold or warm air masses associated to these systems and their impact on local air *** this study,hourly observations of fine particulate matter(diameter of up to 2.5µm,i.e.,PM_(2.5)),wind(V),temperature(T),pressure(P),and precipitation(R),acquired in Hangzhou in 2014-2020,were *** this analysis,weather patterns were categorized into 27 types;89 and 94 cases illustrating the passage of warm and cold air masses over Hangzhou were identified,respectively;the influence of air mass temperature,wind speed,and wind direction on PM_(2.5) concentrations and local accumulation or removal was *** main results are as follows.(1)Pollution events occurred more frequently for cold than for warm air masses,but average pollutant concentration was lower for cold air masses;(2)48%of the cold air mass cases corresponded to PM_(2.5) decreases and 52%to PM_(2.5) increases,with strong cold air masses(ΔT_(24h)>4°C;∣V∣_(average)>4 m s^(−1))markedly reducing local pollution,but weak cold air masses(ΔT24h4°C)reduced the PM_(2.5) concentration whereas weaker winds(∣V∣_(average)but more gradually within 14 h after the passage of strong warm air *** results considerably improve the current understanding of the influence of cold and warm air masses on local pollution patterns.

关键词： weather type air mass enhancement removal meteorological condition

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NCAD v1.0: a database for non-coding variant annotation and interpretation

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 230-242页

作者： Xiaoshu feng Sihan Liu Ke Li fengxiao bu Huijun Yuan Institute of Rare Diseases West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610044China

The application of whole genome sequencing is expanding in clinical diagnostics across various genetic disorders, and the significance of non-coding variants in penetrant diseases is increasingly being demonstrated. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the diagnostic yield by exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of variants in non-coding regions. However, the interpretation of non-coding variants remains a significant challenge, due to the complex functional regulatory mechanisms of non-coding regions and the current limitations of available databases and tools. Hence, we develop the non-coding variant annotation database (NCAD, http://***/), encompassing comprehensive insights into 665,679,194 variants, regulatory elements, and element interaction details. Integrating data from 96 sources, spanning both GRCh37 and GRCh38 versions, NCAD v1.0 provides vital information to support the genetic diagnosis of non-coding variants, including allele frequencies of 12 diverse populations, with a particular focus on the population frequency information for 230,235,698 variants in 20,964 Chinese individuals. Moreover, it offers prediction scores for variant functionality, five categories of regulatory elements, and four types of non-coding RNAs. With its rich data and comprehensive coverage, NCAD serves as a valuable platform, empowering researchers and clinicians with profound insights into non-coding regulatory mechanisms while facilitating the interpretation of non-coding variants.

关键词： Non-coding variants Annotation Variant interpretation Database

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The characterization of protein lactylation in relation to cardiac metabolic reprogramming in neonatal mouse hearts

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第7期51卷 735-748页

作者： Tongyu Zhang Yingxi Zhu Xiaochen Wang Danyang chong Haiquan Wang Dandan bu Mengfei Zhao Lei Fang Chaojun Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study Model Animal Research CenterMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNational Resource Center for Mutant MiceNanjingJiangsu 210093China State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human HealthCenter for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthGusu SchoolNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China

In mammals,the neonatal heart can regenerate upon injury within a short time after birth,while adults lose this *** reprogramming has been demonstrated to be critical for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the neonatal ***,we reveal that cardiac metabolic reprogramming could be regulated by altering global protein *** performing 4D label-free proteomics and lysine lactylation(Kla)omics analyses in mouse hearts at postnatal days 1,5,and 7,2297 Kla sites from 980 proteins are identified,among which 1262 Kla sites from 409 proteins are *** clustering analysis reveals that the proteins with altered Kla sites are mainly involved in metabolic *** expression and Kla levels of proteins in glycolysis show a positive correlation while a negative correlation in fatty acid ***,we verify the Kla levels of several differentially modified proteins,including ACAT1,ACADL,ACADVL,PFKM,PKM,and ***,our study reports a comprehensive Kla map in the neonatal mouse heart,which will help to understand the regulatory network of metabolic reprogramming and cardiac regeneration.

关键词： Lactylation Metabolicrep rogramming Postnatal heart regeneration Cell proliferation

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Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1393-1400页

作者： Jin-Tao bu Jian-Qi Zhang Ge-Yi Ding Jia-chong Li Jia-Wei Zhang Bin Wang Wen-Qiang Ding Wen-Fei Yuan Liang Chen Qi Zhong Ali Keçebaş Şahin KÖzdemir Fei Zhou Hui Jing Mang feng State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071 WuhanChina. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina. Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology511458 GuangzhouChina. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research InstitutePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA 16802USA. Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University410081 ChangshaChina. Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University321004 JinhuaChina

Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum *** has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode ***,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous *** demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an *** witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic *** observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum chiral dynamical

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坡面调控措施下的水沙输出过程及减流减沙效应研究

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水利学报 2010年第7期40卷 870-875页

作者：吴淑芳吴普特宋维秀卜崇峰西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室陕西杨凌712100 青海大学农牧学院青海西宁810003

为了了解坡面调控措施对其产流、产沙过程的减流减沙效应,通过坡面上方放水冲刷实验,研究不同放水流量下20聚流坑调控措施和裸地坡面产流、产沙过程以及径流携带泥沙的作用机制,运用起流时间、调控度、产流速率、输沙率定性指标阐明了... 详细信息

为了了解坡面调控措施对其产流、产沙过程的减流减沙效应,通过坡面上方放水冲刷实验,研究不同放水流量下20聚流坑调控措施和裸地坡面产流、产沙过程以及径流携带泥沙的作用机制,运用起流时间、调控度、产流速率、输沙率定性指标阐明了调控坡面减流减沙效应,建立了次降雨输沙模数与径流量之间的水沙关系。本研究提出了"用水减沙比"概念与计算式,定性描述了调控措施拦截的径流量与减少的侵蚀量之间的复杂关系,揭示聚流坑工程措施在调控坡面径流的同时对侵蚀产沙的影响机制。

关键词：径流调控放水冲刷水沙输出过程水沙效应

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Molecular-level proton acceptor boosts oxygen evolution catalysis to enable efficient industrial-scale water splitting

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 344-355页

作者： Yaobin Wang Qian Lu Xinlei Ge feng Li Le Chen Zhihui Zhang Zhengping Fu Yalin Lu Yang Song Yunfei bu Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(AEMPC)UNIST-NUIST Energy and Environment Jointed Lab(UNNU)School of Environmental Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)219 NingliuNanjing210044China Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University220 HandanShanghai200433China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University1 GehuChangzhou213164China Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)96 JinzhaiHefeiAnhui 230026China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology200 Xiaolingwei210094China

Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be ***,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water ***-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline *** on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the *** use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Nanofiber Water splitting Proton acceptor Perovskite

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Rational design of robust and transparent superrepellent surfaces for long-term marine antifouling

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2031-2039页

作者： CHEN Hui WANG Zhi WANG DaHeng XIAO feng FU Guang-En bu XueLing ZHAO Lei ZHANG Tao WU DaHeng PU JiBin The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430081China Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

Superhydrophobic surfaces have demonstrated exceptional efficacy in combatting biofouling contaminations of optical devices and equipment in marine applications. However, the fabrication of highly transparent superhydrophobic materials remains a formidable challenge due to the inherent trade-off between surface roughness for superhydrophobicity and optical ***, we design a robust and transparent superhydrophobic coating(Si-POSS) embedded silica nanoparticles(200 nm) with fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes(F-POSS) and zinc pyrithione(ZPT). The Si-POSS coating exhibits excellent water repellence toward diverse liquids and optical transmittance exceeding 90% in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the Si-POSS coating sustains long-term anti-bacterial(> 99.11%) and anti-algal effects for over 30 days, accompanied by mechanical,chemical, and thermal stability. This research asserts that the Si-POSS coating with outstanding combined characteristics holds significant potential for marine applications, particularly in self-cleaning and antifouling endeavors.

关键词： superhydrophobic surface transparent marine antifouling nanoparticles

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Light axion-like particles and the pseudoscalar mesonic decays M →M′v■

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期 39-43页

作者： Guo-Qiang Dai chong-Xing Yue Yang-Yang bu Yi-Hang Wang Department of physics Liaoning Normal University Center for Theoretical and Experimental High Energy Physics Liaoning Normal University

The axion-like particle （ALP） is one kind of the best-motivated new *** consider its production from the pseudoscalar mesonic decays M→M′a,with M being a pseudoscalar meson B or *** upper limits on the flavor-conserving ALP–quark coupling parameter guare obtained by assuming the ALP to be an invisible *** find that the most severe constraint on gucomes from the decay K+→π+v■ for 0.05 Ge V≤Ma≤0.35 Ge V,while the decays B+,0→K+,0v■and B+,0→π+,0υ■can also generate significant constraints.

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移除和沙埋对沙土生物结皮土壤蒸发的影响

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水土保持通报 2011年第1期31卷 58-62,159页

作者：孟杰卜崇峰张兴昌孙占锋西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨凌712100 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100 <中国水土保持>杂志社河南郑州450003

干旱半干旱地区水分是植被恢复和演替的限制性生态因子,沙土生物结皮能降低水分入渗,造成土壤水分浅层化和加剧土壤水分时空分异,因此有必要采取措施进行适度干扰,以促进生态恢复和重建。土壤蒸发是天然降水无效损失的一个重要途径,研... 详细信息

干旱半干旱地区水分是植被恢复和演替的限制性生态因子,沙土生物结皮能降低水分入渗,造成土壤水分浅层化和加剧土壤水分时空分异,因此有必要采取措施进行适度干扰,以促进生态恢复和重建。土壤蒸发是天然降水无效损失的一个重要途径,研究生物结皮对土壤蒸发的影响十分必要。以陕北水蚀风蚀交错区沙土生物结皮为研究对象,分析了移除生物结皮和沙埋2种干扰下生物结皮类土壤水分蒸发特性。结果表明,移除生物结皮并不能起到显著地抑制土壤蒸发的作用(p>0.05),而沙埋对土壤蒸发具有显著地抑制作用(p0.05)。可见,沙埋对于改善土壤水分状况具有极积意义,但应控制沙埋的厚度。

关键词：生物结皮土壤蒸发沙埋水蚀风蚀交错区

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