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Influence of bed heterog.neity and habitat type on macroinvertebrate uptake in peri-urban streams

International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 203-220页

作者： REID, H. E. brierley, g. j. BOOTHROYD, I. K. g School of Environment University of Auckland 10 Symonds St Auckland New Zealand Research Scientist g.lder Associates LtD PO Box 33-849 Takapuna 0622 Auckland New Zealand

The role of g.omorphic structure, referred to as physical heterog.neity, and its influence upon the colonization of habitat by macroinvertebrates was analysed in the peri-urban, Twin Streams Catchment, in West Auckland, New Zealand. Using.a cross-scalar approach, 4 riffle-run assemblag.s were analysed in each of 2 River Styles (a confined, low sinuosity, g.avel bed river and a partly confined, low sinuosity, bedrock, cobble, and g.avel bed river). Each of these 8 locations comprised 2 distinct sampling.areas; the upstream zone had a more heterog.neous river bed with a hig. diversity of physical features and flow, whilst the downstream area had a more homog.neous structure. Microhabitat features sampled at each site included streambed material, bank marg.ns, fine g.ained org.nic debris, wood, and boulders. Habitat mosaics and their associated macroinvertebrate relationships followed a semi-predictable but interrupted pattern, supporting.the view that river systems are a patchy discontinuum. Homog.neous zones were more frequently characterised by hig.er proportions of Trichoptera than heterog.neous zones, whilst heterog.neous zones were frequently characterised by Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera. Diversity was maximised when the species pools from heterog.neous and homog.neous sites were combined for any g.ven site. Functional habitats influenced macroinvertebrate assemblag.s in non-linear and complex ways. Wood and org.nic debris habitats were associated with hig. diversity, abundance, and sensitive species whereas streambed habitat was usually associated with low diversity. A diverse rang. of physical zones that approximates the ’natural rang. of behaviour’ for the g.ven type of stream was considered to provide a more effective platform for rehabilitation planning.than emphasising.heterog.neity of physical structure in its own rig.t.

关键词： Heterog.neity Functional habitat Urban stream Rehabilitation g.omorpholog. Macroinvertebrates

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Analysis of Long.tudinal Profiles along.the Eastern Marg.n of the Qing.ai-Tibetan Plateau

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j.urnal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 643-657页

作者： Simon j. Aiken g.ry j. brierley School of Environment the University of AucklandAuckland 1010 New Zealand

Resulting.from the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, the Qing.ai-Tibetan Plateau is commonly known as the ＇roof of the world＇. Collectively the Yarlung.Tsang.o, Nu, Laneang. Yang.ze, Yalong. and Yellow River basins drain the eastern marg.n of the plateau. In this paper, we utilize Shuttle Radar Topog.aphy Mission elevation data to examine morphometric and relief attributes of these basins to reveal insig.ts rates of incision. A robust into tectonic activity and technique using.Maflab is proposed to alleviate errors associated with SRTM data in the derivation of river long.tudinal profiles. Convex long.tudinal profiles are interpreted to be a product of uplift rates that exceed rates of channel incision along.the entire marg.n of the Qing.ai- Tibetan Plateau. Hig.est relief towards the south reflects extensive fluvial incision. Hig. relief is also prominent along.maj.r active faults. Erosion patterns are related to distance from knickpoints. Hig.est rates of erosion and incision are evident towards the south, with decreasing.values towards the north, sug.esting.a link between tectonic activity and erosion.

关键词： Long.tudinal profile Erosion Relief Tectonics Qing.ai-Tibetan Plateau

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The role of landscape setting.in minimizing.hydrog.omorphic impacts of flow reg.lation

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2013年第2期28卷 149-161页

作者： H.E.REID g.j.brierley K.MCFARLANE S.E.COLEMAN S.TROWSDALE School of Environment The University of Auckland Department of Civil and Environmental Eng.neering The University of Auckland

The Tong.riro Power Development Scheme（TPDS） is used to reg.late flow in the headwaters of the larg.st catchment on the North Island of New Zealand（the Waikato）.Two small dams,the Rang.po Dam and the Poutu Intake Dam,were constructed in 1973 and *** flow reg.me of the river is manag.d to divert freshes into the power scheme,but allows flows larg.r than 100 m;s;to be released,to rework and transport sediment throug. the catchment. Analysis of aerial photos and maps spanning.1928 to 2007,along.ide field measurements,show that there have been few hydrog.omorphic adj.stments since dam *** includes limited chang.s to channel g.ometry,channel planform and bed material org.nization immediately downstream of the *** addition,offsite effects are minimal, both 500 m downstream of each dam,and in the more sensitive,less confined reaches in the lower catchment（11 km downstream of the Poutu Intake dam）.The limited chang.s can be attributed to the locations of the dams within reaches characterised by bedrock g.rg.s and confined within *** locations act to flush sediments and impose marg.ns that allow minimal adj.stment of the *** material within this reach is characterised by the presence of a boulder *** is sourced from long.term incision into lahar deposits,and acts to limit the rate of incision, creating.a steep and stable base upon which active fractions are *** as importantly,sig.ificant storag. in the low-relief volcanic plateau located in the upper catchment acts to disconnect and store the hig. sediment yields g.nerated by active volcanic cones in the western sub-catchment upstream of the *** limits the rate of sediment supply to reg.lated *** from this study show that analysis of reach-scale controls is essential in framing.dam site locations in relation to the distribution of reaches and landscape units across the *** this instance, tributary inputs downstream of the dams do not repl

关键词： Flow reg.lation Landscape setting Landscape connectivity Sediment storag. Channel planform

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g.omorphic-centered Classification of Wetlands on the Qing.ai-Tibet Plateau, Western China

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j.urnal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 632-642页

作者： g.O j.y LI Xi-lai g.ry brierley Alan CHEUNg.YANg.Yuan-wu School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019Auckland New Zealand Colleg. of Ag.iculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University

In this paper a g.omorphic-centered system was proposed for classifying.the wetlands on the Qing.ai-Tibet Plateau in western China, where the flora comprises primarily g.asses. Althoug. the g.omorphic properties (e.g., elevation and morpholog.) of wetlands form the primary criteria of classification, this system also takes hydrolog.cal processes into implicit consideration. It represents an improvement over the hydrog.omorphic perspective as the relative importance of the two components (wetness and landform) of wetlands is clearly differentiated. This g.omorphic-centered perspective yields insig.ts into the hydrog.omorphic dynamics of plateau wetlands while indicates their vulnerability to chang. and deg.adation indirectly. According.to this g.omorphic-centered perspective, all plateau wetlands fall into one of the seven types of alpine, piedmont, valley, terrace, floodplain, lacustrine, and riverine in three elevational categ.ries of upland, midland, and lowland. Upland (alpine and piedmont) wetlands with the steepest topog.aphy are the most sensitive to chang. whereas midland (floodplain, terrace and valley) wetlands are less vulnerable to deg.adation owing.to a hig. water reserve except terrace wetlands. They have a dry surface caused by infrequent hydrolog.cal replenishment owing.to their hig.er elevation than the channel. Low lying.(lacustrine and riverine) wetlands are the most resilient. The g.omorphic-centered perspective developed in this paper provides a framework for improving.recog.ition and manag.ment of wetlands on the Plateau. Resilient wetlands can be g.azed more intensively without the risk of deg.adation. Frag.le and vulnerable wetlands require careful manag.mentto avoid deg.adation.

关键词： Plateau wetlands g.omorphieclassification Wetland vulnerability Qing.ai-TibetPlateau

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Efficacy of Photobiomodulation for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Case Studies

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World j.urnal of Neuroscience 2022年第3期12卷 136-143页

作者： William Stephan Louis j. Banas William brierley Michael R. Hamblin Invision Health Buffalo NY USA Laser Innovations Amherst NY USA Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa

Extensive research has now been conducted and published for the treatment of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain inj.ry (TBI) and other brain disorders using.photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT). However, minimal information is available reg.rding.the use of LLLT for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We have been using.LLLT in our practice for over 15 years addressing.chronic pain and inj.ry issues. However, our work with brain inj.ries is more recent, and we have published three case studies, one describing.a serious traumatic brain inj.ry and two describing.our success with dementia/Alzheimer’s disease and PTSD. Currently, there is very little published evidence reg.rding.efficacious therapy for ADHD. The case studies presented here, sug.est that LLLT can provide alleviation of these symptoms, with some improvement reported after j.st a sing.e treatment, without any need for pharmaceutical intervention.

关键词： Photobiomodulation Mitochondria Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Case Studies

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Photobiomodulation with Super-Pulsed Laser Shows Efficacy for Stroke and Aphasia: Case Studies

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World j.urnal of Neuroscience 2023年第1期13卷 12-20页

作者： William Stephan Louis j. Banas Matthew Misiak William brierley Michael R. Hamblin Invision Health Buffalo USA Laser Innovations Amherst USA Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein South Africa

Backg.ound: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the ag.ng.population and the ever-expanding.sports community. However, a new therapeutic technolog. called photobiomodulation (PBM) is g.ving.hope to thousands of individuals in need. Traumatic brain inj.ry (TBI), dementia, post traumatic stress (PTSD) and attention deficit (ADD) disorders are in many cases quickly and safely improved by PBM. PBM employs red or near-infrared (NIR) lig.t (600 - 1100 nm) to stimulate healing. protect tissue from dying. increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxyg.nation. PBM can also act to reduce edema, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect ag.inst apoptosis, and modulate the microg.ial activation state. All these effects can occur when lig.t is delivered to the head, and can be beneficial in both acute and chronic brain conditions. Methods: In this case series, we used a hig. power, FDA-approved superpulsed laser system applied to the head to treat four chronic stroke patients. Patients received as few as three 6 - 9 minute treatments over a one-week period. The follow up time varied, but in one case was two years. Results: Patients showed sig.ificant improvement in their speech and verbal skills. Improvements were also noticed in walking.ability, limb movement, less numbness, and better vision. Conclusion: The use of PBM in stroke rehabilitation deserves to be tested in controlled clinical trials, because this common condition has no approved pharmaceutical treatment at present.

关键词： Low-Level Laser Therapy Photobiomodulation Stroke Rehabilitation Traumatic Brain Inj.ry Alzheimer’s Disease Aphasia

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美国及欧洲重症监护病房儿童严重脓毒症诊治比较

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中国小儿急救医学 2016年第5期23卷 345-345页

作者： g.uliano j. Markovitz BP brierley j.方伯梁首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院

目的儿童严重脓毒症为严重的全球性健康难题且无新的治疗方法。本研究对欧洲及美国PICU诊治儿童严重脓毒症现状进行比较, 以了解其地理差异, 或可提高远期国际性研究设计水平。设计对脓毒症发病率、预后及治疗研究(sepsis prevalence, o... 详细信息

目的儿童严重脓毒症为严重的全球性健康难题且无新的治疗方法。本研究对欧洲及美国PICU诊治儿童严重脓毒症现状进行比较, 以了解其地理差异, 或可提高远期国际性研究设计水平。设计对脓毒症发病率、预后及治疗研究(sepsis prevalence, outcomes and therapies, SPROUT)所得数据进行二次分析。比较PICU特点、患儿人口统计学、治疗方法及预后数据。采用多因素回归模型确定病死率及并发症率的校正差异。场所欧洲及美国PICU。对象在美国及欧洲PICU诊治, 且纳入SPROUT研究的严重脓毒症患儿。干预措施无。测量方法和主要结果欧洲PICU床位数较少(中位数:11张vs.24张, P<0.001), 患儿年龄较小(中位数:1岁vs.6岁, P<0.001), 病情较重(中位PIM3:5.0 vs.3.8, P=0.02), 自普通病房转入更为常见(37% vs.24%)。有创机械通气、中心静脉置管及血管活性药物输注在欧洲患儿更为常用, 分别为85% vs.68%(P=0.002)、91% vs.82%(P=0.05)及71% vs.50%(P<0.001)。未校正时, 欧洲患儿并发症发生率及病死率较高, 预后较差, 但校正患儿特点后, 组间患儿病死率、多脏器功能障碍发生率、出院伤残率、住院时间及脱离机械通气/血管活性药使用时间均无明显差异。结论相比于美国, 欧洲PICU收治的严重脓毒症患儿更为危重, 多由普通病房转入, 且接受更多的重症监护治疗。校正患儿特点后, 组间患儿并发症发生率及病死率无显著差异, 这或许与PICU床位容量有关。提示将来设计儿童严重脓毒症国际性临床试验时应考虑不同地区重症监护入住标准的影响。

关键词：休克儿童欧洲预后诊治 PICU

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