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Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： Ian A.j.Darragh brendan Egan School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,providing a contemporary view on how exerkines respond to exercise *** review prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise ***,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt

Testosterone treatment in older men： glass half empty or half full？

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Asian journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 512-514页

作者： brendan j Nolan Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology Austin HealthHeidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Austin HealthHeidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia

In a series of randomized controlled trials published in jAMA and jAMA Intern Med,US researchers have examined the effect of testosterone treatment in older men with testosterone levels 〈275 ng dl^-1 on coronary arte... 详细信息

关键词： ELDERLY-MEN HYPOGONADISM

Understanding Performance for Two 802.11 Competing Flows

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journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 365-376页

作者： Michael j.Feeley brendan Cully Sharath j.George Department of Computer Science University of British ColumbiaVanconverCanada

It is well known that 802.11 suffers from both inefficiency and unfairness in the face of competition and interference. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of topology and traffic type on network performance when two flows compete with each other for airspace. We consider both TCP and UDP flows and a comprehensive set of node topologies. We vary these topologies to consider all combinations of the following four node-to-node interactions：（1） nodes unable to read or sense each other, （2） nodes able to sense each other but not able to read each other＇s packets and nodes able to communicate with （3） weak and with （4） strong signal. We evaluate all possible cases through simulation and show that the cases can be reduced to 9 UDP and 10 TCP 802.11g models with similar efficiency/fairness characteristics. We also validate our simulation results with extensive experiments conducted in a laboratory testbed. These more detailed models improve on previous work such as hidden-/exposed-terminal categorization and are thus better suited as a basis for adaptive techniques to improve performance in 802.11 multi-hop WLAN or Mesh Networks.

关键词： 802.11 wireless unfairness two-flow competition network topology

Olfaction and reaction: The role of olfactory and hypothalamic investment in the antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues by northern redbelly dace

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 738-746页

作者： brendan j.joyce Grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Neuroplasticity enables teleosts to promote or downregulate the growth of their brains *** compensate for the effects of predation pressure,teleosts may alter their brain morphology and behavioral responses to mitigate its impact on individual ***-predation environ-ments often promote specific patterns of brain growth and produce bolder and more proactive *** to the expense of maintaining neural tissue,relative size indicates the regions most relied *** northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos,as little as 2 weeks of elevated predation pressure,resulted in increased investment in their olfactory bulbs and optic tecta,while the imposition of captivity produced smaller,less symmetric *** together,these results suggest that an individual could potentially become better able to detect a threat,and simultaneously less inclined to react to it,making the impact of either change in isolation is difficult to ***,we compared interindividual variation in gross brain morphology,risk-taking tactics in a novel arena(shy-bold personality),and responding to olfactory cues(proactive/reac-tive stress-coping style).We hypothesized that olfactory investment would positively correlate with response intensity to predator cue concen-tration and respond across a wider range of cue concentrations,while hypothalamus size would correlate with shyness and *** to heightened risk produced more bold/proactive individuals,with larger olfactory bulbs and smaller ***,the direction of the correlation between hypothalamus size and behavior varied by treatment,and olfactory investment only corresponded with response intensity amongst proactive *** findings illustrate the potential pitfalls of relating gross brain morphology to complex behavior and suggest that stress-coping style is a relevant consideration in future studies.

关键词： boldness brainmorphology neuroplasticity predation proactivity stress-coping style

Speculations on the mechanisms for the formation and breakup of supercontinents

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 185-194页

作者： j.brendan Murphy R.Damian Nance Department of Earth Sciences.St.Francis Xavier University Antigonish.Nova Scotia B2G 2W5Canada Department of Geological Sciences Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701USA

The supercontinent cycle has had a profound effect on the Earth＇s evolution since the Late Archean but our understanding of the forces responsible for its operation remains *** appear to form by two end-member processes：extroversion,in which the oceanic lithosphere surrounding the supercontinent（exterior ocean） is preferentially subducted（***）,and introversion in which the oceanic lithosphere formed between dispersing fragments of the previous supercontinent（interior ocean） is preferentially subducted（***）.Extroversion can be explained by ＂top-down＂ geodynamics, in which a supercontinent breaks up over a geoid high and amalgamates above a geoid low. Introversion,on the other hand,requires that the combined forces of slab-pull and ridge push（which operate in concert after supercontinent break-up） must be overcome in order to enable the previously dispersing continents to turn *** may begin when subduction zones are initiated along boundaries between the interior and exterior oceans and become trapped within the interior *** speculate that the reversal in continental motion required for introversion may be induced by slab avalanche events that trigger the rise of superplumes from the core-mantle boundary.

关键词： Supercontinent cycle Introversion Extroversion Pangea Rodinia Pannotia

Origins of the supercontinent cycle

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 439-448页

作者： R.Damian Nance j.brendan Murphy Department of Geological Sciences.316 Clippinger Laboratories.Ohio University.Athens.OH 45701.USA Department of Earth Sciences st.Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonishNova Scotia B2G 2W5.Canada

The supercontinent cycle, by which Earth history is seen as having been punctuated by the episodic assembly and breakup of supercontinents, has influenced the rock record more than any other geologic phenomena, and its recognition is arguably the most important advance in Earth Science since plate tectonics. It documents fundamental aspects of the planet＇s interior dynamics and has charted the course of Earth＇s tectonic, climatic and biogeochemical evolution for billions of years. But while the widespread realization of the importance of supercontinents in Earth history is a relatively recent development, the supercontinent cycle was first proposed thirty years ago and episodicity in tectonic processes was recognized long before plate tectonics provided a potential explanation for its occurrence. With interest in the supercontinent cycle gaining momentum and the literature expanding rapidly, it is instructive to recall the historical context from which the concept developed. Here we examine the supercontinent cycle from this perspective by tracing its development from the early recognition of long-term epi- sodicity in tectonic processes, through the identification of tectonic cycles following the advent of plate tectonics, to the first realization that these phenomena were the manifestation of episodic superconti- nent assembly and breakup.

关键词： Supercontinent cyclePlate tectonicsTectonic episodicitySecular trends

Increased β-Cyanoalanine Nitrilase Activity Improves Cyanide Tolerance and Assimilation in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 231-243页

作者： brendan O'Leary GaU M. Preston Lee j. Sweetlove Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

Plants naturally produce cyanide （CN） which is maintained at low levels in their cells by a process of rapid assimilation. However, high concentrations of environmental CN associated with activities such as industrial pollution are toxic to plants. There is thus an interest in increasing the CN detoxification capacity of plants as a potential route to phytoremediation. Here, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing the Pseudomonas fluorescens β-cyanoalanine nitrilase pinA were compared with wild-type and a β-cyanoalanine nitrilase knockout line （△Atnit4） for growth in the presence of exogenous CN. After incubation with CN, ＋PfpinA seedlings had increased root length, increased fresh weight, and decreased leaf bleaching compared with wild-type, indicating increased CN tolerance. The increased tolerance was achieved without an increase in β-cyanoalanine synthase activity, the other enzyme in the cyanide assimilation pathway, suggesting that nitrilase activity is the limiting factor for cyanide detoxification. Labeling experiments with [^13C] KCN demonstrated that the altered CN tolerance could be explained by differences in flux from CN to Asn caused by altered β-cyanoalanine nitrilase activity. Metabolite profiling after CN treatment provided new insight into downstream metabolism, revealing onward metabolism of Asn by the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle and accumulation of aromatic amino acids.

关键词： cyanide β-cyanoalanine cyanide detoxification asparagine metabolism nitrilase

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第1期2卷 44-50页

作者： Katharine E Bevan Faheez Mohamed brendan j Moran Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Centre Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital Foundation Trust

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon "bor-derline malignancy" generally arising from a perforated appendiceal epithelial tumour. Optimal treatment involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Controversy persists regarding the pathological classification and its prognostic value. Computed tomography scanning is the optimal preoperative staging technique. Tumour marker elevations correlate with worse prognosis and increased recurrence rates. Following CRS with HIPEC, 5-year survival ranges from 62.5% to 100% for low grade, and 0%-65% for high grade disease. Treat-ment related morbidity and mortality ranges from 12 to 67.6%, and 0 to 9%, respectively. Surgery and HIPEC are the optimal treatment for PMP which is at best a "borderline" peritoneal malignancy.

关键词： Pseudomyxoma peritonei Cytoreductive surgery Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy jelly belly Appendiceal mucinous tumour Peritoneal malignancy Borderline malignancy

Nuclear Targeting of Methyl-Recycling Enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Mediated by Specific Protein Interactions

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 231-248页

作者： Sanghyun Lee Andrew C. Doxey brendan j. McConkey Barbara A. Moffatt Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Developmental Biology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

Numerous transmethylation reactions are required for normal plant growth and development. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase （SAHH） and adenosine kinase （ADK） act coordinately to recycle the by-product of these reactions, S-adenosylhomocysteine （SAH） that would otherwise competitively inhibit methyltransferase （MT） activities. Here, we report on investigations to understand how the SAH produced in the nucleus is metabolized by SAHH and ADK. Localization analyses using green fluorescent fusion proteins demonstrated that both enzymes are capable of localizing to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, although no obvious nuclear localization signal was found in their sequences. Deletion analysis revealed that a 41-amino-acid segment of SAHH （GlylS^-Lys19~） is required for nuclear targeting of this enzyme. This segment is surface exposed, shows unique sequence conservation patterns in plant SAHHs, and possesses additional features of protein-protein interaction motifs. ADK and SAHH interact in Arabidopsb via this segment and also interact with an mRNA cap MT. We propose that the targeting of this complex is directed by the nuclear localization signal of the MT; other MTs may similarly target SAHH/ADK to other subcellular compartments to ensure uninterrupted transmethylation.

关键词： Transmethylation subcellular localization S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase adenosine kinase nuclear targeting protein docking protein modeling protein motif analysis.