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The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1769-1787页

作者： Quang-Minh Nguyen Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto Hobin Kang Jiyun Moon Kieu Anh Thi Phan Geon Hui Son Mi Chung Suh Eui-Hwan Chung walter Gassmann Sang Hee Kim Division of Applied Life Science(BK21 Four Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Life Science Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Korea Department of Plant Biotechnology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Division of Plant Science and Technology Christopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea

Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and *** the plant carries resistance(R)proteins that recognize pathogen effectors,effector-triggered immunity(ETI)is activated,resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response(HR).The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae *** has been well studied in terms of avirulence *** planta,AvrRps4 is processed into two *** Cterminal fragment of AvrRps4(AvrRps4^(C))induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in ***,we show that AvrRps4^(C)targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY,including WRKY46,WRKY53,WRKY54,and WRKY70,to induce its virulence ***,AvrRps4^(C)suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated ***4^(C)interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro,suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4^(C).Through the interaction of Avr Rps4^(C)with four WRKYs,AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm,thus inhibiting their function in plant ***,our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.

关键词： AvrRps4 bacterial effector effector-triggered immunity immune response suppression transcription factor WRKY

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Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 306-312页

作者： Yongchao Yao Shengjun Sun Hui Zhang Zixiao Li Chaoxin Yang Zhengwei Cai Xun He Kai Dong Yonglan Luo Yan Wang Yuchun Ren Qian Liu Dongdong Zheng Weihua Zhuang Bo Tang Xuping Sun Wenchuang(walter)Hu Department of Laboratory Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041SichuanChina College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014ShandongChina Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106SichuanChina Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237ShandongChina

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy ***,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine ***,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater *** the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline *** prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant *** study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

关键词： Ce doping NiFe layered double hydroxide Seawater oxidation Electrocatalysis Cl^(-) repulsion

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Acknowledgment to reviewers—September 2023 to June 2024

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 872-873页

作者： Peijie Chen walter Herzog Jian Wu 不详

The Editors of the JSHS would like to thank all the authors who have contributed to the JSHS over the past *** your support,JSHS has become an internationally recognized journal in the *** are also deeply indebted to the following people who served as reviewers and gave their time and expertise to carefully and constructively assess papers and facilitate the smooth running of JSHS in this past year.

关键词： journal reviewers thank

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High Amounts of Halogenated Natural Products in Sperm Whales(Physeter macrocephalus)from Two Italian Regions in the Mediterranean Sea

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Environment & Health 2024年第4期2卷 233-242页

作者： Sina Schweizer Kristin Halder Annika Schafer Jakob Hauns Letizia Marsili Sandro Mazzariol Maria Cristina Fossi Juan Muñoz-Arnanz Begoña Jiménez walter Vetter Institute of Food Chemistry Department of Food Chemistry(170b)University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany European Union Reference Laboratory(EURL)for Halogenated POPs in Feed and Food 79114 FreiburgGermany Department of Environmental Earth and Physical SciencesUniversity of Siena53100 SienaItaly Department of Public Health Comparative Pathology and Veterinary HygieneUniversity of Padova35020 LegnaroItaly Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry(IQOG-CSIC)28006 MadridSpain

Halogenated natural products(HNPs)are considered to be emerging contaminants whose environmental distribution and fate are only incompletely ***,several persistent and bioaccumulative HNP groups,together with manmade polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),were quantified in the blubber of nine sperm whales(Physeter macrocephalus)stranded on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in *** naturally occurring polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives(PBHDs;sum of TetraBHD and TriBHD)were the most prominent substance class with up to 77,000 ng/g *** mean PBHD content(35,800 ng/g blubber)even exceeded the one of PCBs(28,400 ng/g blubber),although the region is known to be highly contaminated with manmade *** on mean values,Q1∼PBDEs>MeO-BDEs∼2,2′-diMeO-BB 80 and several other HNPs followed with decreasing *** blubber samples contained an abundant compound whose molecular formula(C_(16)H_(19)Br_(3)O_(2))was verified using high-resolution mass *** only plausible matching isomer was(2S,4′S,9R,9′S)-2,7-dibromo-4′-bromomethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,4′,9,9′-9,9′-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-9-ol(OH-TriBHD),a hydroxylated secondary metabolite previously detected together with TriBHD and TetraBHD in a sponge known to be a natural producer of *** estimated mean amount of the presumed OH-TriBHD was 3000 ng/g blubber,which is unexpectedly high for hydroxylated compounds in the lipids of marine mammals.

关键词： Halogenated natural product naturally occurring polyhalogenated compound persistent organic pollutant sperm whale Italy polar metabolite

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有压差下全接触刷式密封迟滞特性数值研究

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兵器装备工程学报 2024年第1期45卷 180-187,222页

作者：刘美红汤俊锋康宇驰许嘉辉李川 Sharon Kao-walter 昆明理工大学机电工程学院昆明650000 布莱金厄理工学院数学和自然科学系瑞典卡尔斯克鲁纳SE-37179

刷式密封迟滞特性引起的泄漏问题、摩擦磨损问题及流动换热问题较为突出。刷式密封迟滞特性数值模型呈现接触对多、刷丝大变形的特点,存在非线性程度较高、收敛性较差的问题。提出了基于有限元软件ABAQUS的刷式密封迟滞特性求解模型,考... 详细信息

刷式密封迟滞特性引起的泄漏问题、摩擦磨损问题及流动换热问题较为突出。刷式密封迟滞特性数值模型呈现接触对多、刷丝大变形的特点,存在非线性程度较高、收敛性较差的问题。提出了基于有限元软件ABAQUS的刷式密封迟滞特性求解模型,考虑刷丝之间接触、刷丝与背板接触、刷丝与转子之间接触,引入阻尼提高模型收敛性。在数值计算与实验结果、理论计算对比验证的基础上,研究了刷丝自由端长度、刷丝直径、刷丝倾斜角度以及上下游压差对迟滞特性和接触力最大值的影响程度。研究结果表明:随着上下游压差、直径的增大,刷式密封迟滞特性呈现增加的趋势,而刷丝倾角的增加导致迟滞特性呈现递减的趋势,刷丝自由端长度的改变对迟滞特性的影响较小;刷丝直径是影响刷丝与转子之间接触力最大值的主要因素,刷丝倾斜角度对接触力最大值有一定程度影响。上述研究为分析刷式密封迟滞特性提供了理论依据,为降低迟滞特性提供了参考。

关键词：刷式密封迟滞特性几何参数迟滞能接触力

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Human allograft rejection in humanized mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： Michael A brehm Leonard D Shultz Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied primarily on rodent models. Experimentation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the development of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has met with limited success, emphasizing the need for new models that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized mouse models are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues mediated by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized mice is complicated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large number of immunodeficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in humanized mice and discuss the use of these novel model systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunodeficient mice human

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Podcasting and Education:Reflections on the Case of FreshEd

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ECNU Review of Education 2022年第4期5卷 784-791页

作者： Will brehm Faculty of Education and Society University College London20 Bedford WayLondonUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Highlights New media formats such as podcasts are revolutionizing the production and dissemination of knowledge in and outside of higher *** danger is the rise of EdTech companies that have used the pandemic as an opportunity to increase profits as more individuals and systems of higher education rely on digital platforms and products.

关键词： Digital infrastructures educationtechnology FreshEd podcasts

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DNA barcoding-based species delimitation increases species count of Eois （Geometridae） moths in a well-studied tropical mountain forest by up to 50%

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 349-362页

作者： Patrick Strutzenberger Gunnar brehm Konrad Fiedler Department of Animal Biodiversity University of Vienna Rennweg 14 1030 Wien Austria Institut for Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum Friedrich Schiller Universitat Erbertstrasse 1 07743 Jena Germany

The genus Eois comprises an important part of megadiverse assemblages of geometrid moths in mountain rainforests of southern Ecuador. In this study we report：（i） on the construction of a DNA barcode library of Eois for identification purposes; and （ii） the exploration of species diversity through species delimitation by pair-wise distance thresholds. COl barcode sequences were generated from 408 individuals （at least 105 species） collected on a narrow geographic scale （-40 km2） in the Reserva Bioldgica San Francisco. Analyses of barcode sequence divergence showed that species delimitations based solely on external morphology result in broad overlap of intra- and interspecific distances. Species delimitation at a 2% pair-wise distance threshold reveals a clear barcoding gap. Fifty-two previously unrecognized species were identified, 31 of which could only be distinguished by an integrative taxonomy approach. Twelve additional putative species could only be recognized by threshold-based delimitation. Most splits resulted in two or three newly perceived cryptic taxa. The present study increased the number of Eois species recorded from that small area of Andean mountain forest from 102 to 154 （morphology- plus integrative taxonomy-based） or even 166 （sequence-based）, leaving the species accumulation curve still far from reaching an asymptote. Notably, in no case did two or more previously distinguished morphospecies have to be lumped. This barcode inventory can be used to match larvae to known adult samples without rearing, and will therefore be of vital help to extend the currently limited knowledge about food plant relationships and host specialization.

关键词： cryptic species Ecuador integrative taxonomy Larentiinae larvae

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Current collectors based on multiwalled carbon-nanotubes and fewlayer graphene for enhancing the conversion process in scalable lithium-sulfur battery

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8433-8447页

作者： Vittorio Marangon Edoardo Barcaro Luca Minnetti Wolfgang brehm Francesco Bonaccorso Vittorio Pellegrini Jusef Hassoun Graphene Labs Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoa 16163Italy Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy BeDimensional S.p.A. Genoa 16163Italy National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology(INSTM) University of Ferrara Research UnitFerrara 44121Italy

We investigated herein the morphological,structural,and electrochemical features of electrodes using a sulfur(S)-super P carbon(SPC)composite(i.e.,S@SPC-73),and including few-layer graphene(FLG),multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),or a mixture of them within the current collector ***,we studied the effect of two different electron-conducting agents,that is,SPC and FLG,used in the slurry for the electrode *** supports have high structural crystallinity,while their morphologies are dependent on the type of material *** voltammetry(CV)shows a reversible and stable conversion reaction between Li and S with an activation process upon the first cycle leading to the decrease of cell *** activation process is verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)with a decrease of the resistance after the first CV ***,CV at increasing scan rates indicates a Li+diffusion coefficient(D)ranging between 10^(−9) and 10^(−7) cm^(2)·s^(−1)in the various states of charge of the cell,and the highest D value for the electrodes using FLG as electron-conducting *** tests performed at constant current of C/5(1 C=1675 mA·g_(s)^(−1))show high initial specific capacity values,which decrease during the initial cycles due to a partial loss of the active material,and subsequently increase due to the activation *** the electrodes show a Coulombic efficiency higher than 97%upon the initial cycles,and a retention strongly dependent on the electrode ***,this study suggests a careful control of the electrode in terms of current collector design and slurry composition to achieve good electrode morphology,mechanical stability,and promising electrochemical performance in practical Li-S cells.

关键词： lithium-sulfur battery current collector few-layer graphene carbon nanotubes scalability sulfur loading

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Polyolefin-nanocomposites with special properties by in-situ polymerization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 555-563页

作者： walter Kaminsky Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg 20146 Hambtlrg Germany

Exceptionally strong polyolefin nanocompo- sites are synthesized by in-situ polymerization using soluble metallocene/methylaluminoxane （MAO） as cata- lysts in a two-step process. First, the soluble metallocene/ MAO or other single site catalysts are absorbed on the surface of the nanofillers. Then by addition of ethene or propene, a polyolefin film is formed, covering the nanoparticles, layered silicates, or fibers. The resulting polyethylene and polypropylene nanocomposites are characterized by better physical and chemical properties such as stiffness, gas barrier properties, degradation temperatures, and crystallization rates. They show better mechanical properties than materials produced by mechan- ical blending. The thickness of the polyolefin can be controlled by the pressure of ethene or propene and by the polymerization time. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes are covered with isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene. Because of the hydrophobic character of the carbon surface, the polymer is drawn on the fiber. This leads to a reinforced combined polymer with special properties. The crystallization temperature is 10℃ higher and therefore the crystallization rate up to 20 times faster than that of pure syndiotactic polypropylene. The form stability increases by 100% if 3 wt-% of carbon nanotubes are incorporated.

关键词： polyolefin nanocomposites metallocenes methylalttminoxane

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