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中国学校卫生 2021年第11期42卷 1743-1743页

作者： LeVY R V brathwaite k e SARATHY H 赵徐东孙莹安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系

在的第二大危险因素。美国成年人吸烟率为15.5%,预计有560万儿童在成年后死于吸烟相关因素。主动或被动接触烟草可能导致儿童青少年的血压升高,而生命早期高血压是成年期心血管疾病的主要病因。纽约医学院Levy博士等对2007—2016年美国... 详细信息

在的第二大危险因素。美国成年人吸烟率为15.5%,预计有560万儿童在成年后死于吸烟相关因素。主动或被动接触烟草可能导致儿童青少年的血压升高,而生命早期高血压是成年期心血管疾病的主要病因。纽约医学院Levy博士等对2007—2016年美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANeS)数据中8 520名8~19岁的儿童进行了分析。将儿童青少年主动或被动吸烟或血清中可替宁(烟草中尼古丁进入人体的初级产物)水平高于0.05μg/L确定为烟草暴露美国,吸烟是导致死亡,将其超过同年龄、性别和身高人群第90百分位的血压定义为血压异常,超过第95百分位定义为高血压。

关键词：血压异常被动吸烟心血管疾病可替宁烟草暴露危险因素尼古丁儿童青少年

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Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to suspension trauma syndrome: A systematic review of definition, pathophysiology, and management controversies

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2021年第4期12卷 253-260页

作者： Patrizio Petrone Sofía espinoza-Villalobos Gerard ABaltazar kjetil Søreide Adam Stright Collin e.M.brathwaite D’Andrea k.Joseph Department of Surgery NYU Long Island School of MedicineNYU Langone Hospital–Long IslandMineola 11501USA 2 Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryStavanger University HospitalStavanger 4011Norway

BACkGROUND: Suspension trauma syndrome is a life-threatening event that occurs when a person is "trapped" in a prolonged passive suspension. It is most commonly seen in people who engage in occupational or sport activities that require harness suspension. The aim of this study is to identify the predisposing factors, pathophysiology, and management of suspension ***: A review and analysis of the literature published in english and Spanish from 1972 to 2020 on suspension trauma were performed. Search sources were Pub Med, Medline, Cochrane Library, MeSH, Up To Date, and Google Scholar. Articles referring to suspension trauma associated with other injury mechanisms(traumatic impact injuries, drowning, asphyxiation, or bleeding), case reports, and pediatric population were ***: Forty-one articles were identified. Of these, 29 articles related to mechanism, pathophysiology, and management of individuals who suffered prolonged suspension trauma without associated traumatic injuries were included in the study. We encountered several controversies describing the putative pathophysiology, ranging from blood sequestration in the lower extremities versus accumulation of metabolic waste and hyperkalemia to dorsal hook-type harness as a trigger cause of positional asphyxia;to vascular compression of femoral vessels exerted by the harness causing decreased venous return. Pstients suspended in a full-body harness with dorsal hook showed more hemodynamic alterations in response to the compressive effect on the rib cage, causing a reduction in perfusion by presenting a decrease in pulse pressure. Management strategies varied across ***: Progress has been made in individualizing the population at risk and in the management of suspension trauma. We recommend the formation of consensus definitions, larger cohort or registry studies to be conducted, and experimental animal models to better understand the mechanisms in order to develop management

关键词： Suspension trauma Reflux syndrome Suspension trauma syndrome Harness suspension

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Bacterial Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs in Grenada, and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2016年第6期6卷 85-88页

作者： Harry Hariharan erica brathwaite-Sylvester Vanessa Matthew Belmar Ravindra Sharma Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George Grenada

Of 52 culture positive urine samples from dogs in Grenada for six years (2004 through 2009) 65.5% of isolates were Gram-negative bacteria, with e. coli as the predominant species, followed by Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other Gram-negative isolates included klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter anitratus, and Serratia plymuthica. Among the Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus intermedius was the most common species, followed by S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococci. Sensitivity results obtained with 6 antibiotics showed least resistance to enrofloxacin, the rate being 19% for all isolates together. More than two-thirds of isolates were resistant to tetracycline. For Gram-positive isolates, resistance to cephalothin was even less than that against enrofloxacin, with a rate of only 13%. Overall resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 36%. The most common drug used for treatment of urinary tract infections in Grenada has been amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, followed by enrofloxacin.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Dogs Bacteria Antibiotic Susceptibility Grenada

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