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Bt cotton seed purity in Burkina Faso:status and lessons learnt

Journal of Cotton Research 2020年第4期3卷 260-267页

作者： bourgou larbouga KARGOUGOU Ester SAWADOGO Mahamadou FOK Michel INERA Programme CotonBP 208Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso SOFITEX Laboratoire Contrôle QualitéSemences01 BP 147Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso UniversitéOuaga1 Joseph Ki-Zerbo 09 BP 848Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso CIRAD F-34398 MontpellierFrance UPR AIDA Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance.

Background:Since the commercial release of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso in 2009,the issue of seed purity in producers’fields has rarely been addressed in an unbiased and objective *** potential for contamination of conventional seed varieties with Bt traits and the consequent threat to the continuation of organic cotton production has been ***,studies are rare on the varietal purity of Bt cotton seeds,despite the implications for the effectiveness and sustainability of their *** paper compensates for the lack of research on the varietal purity of cotton seeds in Burkina Faso by reporting the results of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests collected in 2015 on samples of both conventional and Bt varieties from 646 ***:According to the conservative criteria used to declare the presence of a Bt gene in a given variety(more than 10%of seeds of conventional variety exhibit Bt traits,and at least 90%of seeds of Bt variety exhibit Bt traits),seed purity was very questionable for both types of *** the supposedly conventional variety,the Cry1Ac gene was observed in 63.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was observed in 59.3%of samples,and both genes were detected in 52.2%of the seed *** 29.3%of the seeds that were supposed to be of conventional type contained no Bt ***,for the labeled Bt variety,the Cry1Ac gene was found in only 59.6%of samples,the Cry2Ab gene was found in 53.6%of the samples,and both genes were found in 40.4%of the ***,for the seeds that were supposed to contain both genes(Bollguard 2),both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab genes were found in only 40.4%of the samples,only one of the genes was found in 32.4%of the samples,and 27.2%of the seeds in the samples contained *** factors are responsible for the severe lack of seed ***,conventional varieties are being contaminated with Bt traits because of a failure to revise the seed production scheme in Burkina Faso to prevent cross-pollinat

关键词： Conventional cotton Organic cotton GM cotton Seed production scheme Seed control Burkina Faso

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Effects of Agroecological Practices on Soil Microbiological Activity in Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2022年第2期12卷 73-83页

作者： Bègnileyaon Béatrice Somda Badiori Ouattara Georges Zomboudré Peter Gubbels Tsuamba bourgou Hassan Bismarck Nacro Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research(CNRST/INERA) 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04Burkina Faso Action-Learning and Advocacy(West Africa)for Groundswell International 06 BP 9360 Ouagadougou Zogana 06Burkina Faso Regional Coordinator of Grounds well International for West Africa 09 BP 1670 Ouagadougou 09Burkina Faso Soil fertility study and research Laboratory Nazi BONI University01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01Burkina Faso

Microorganisms are key actors in soil ***,their activity is influenced by various factors including agricultural *** study aimed to assess the effects of 4 agroecological practices on soil microbiological activity in the Sudano-Sahelian area of Burkina *** practices involved(a)the use of organic matter(OM)spread over a plot,with and without micro-dose mineral fertilization and(b)the localized application of organic manure in planting pits dug into hard pan land(zaï),with and without cereal-legume *** biomass(MB)by fumigation-extraction and soil respiration by incubation-extraction were measured on 40 soil samples,taken at 0-10 cm *** results indicated higher cumulative values of carbon from respiration on plots with generalized application of OM,with and without mineral fertilizers(113 and 111 mg C-CO_(2)/kg soil respectively),than on plots with localized application,with and without cereal-legume rotation(72.9 and 98 mg C-CO_(2)/kg soil respectively).MB follows the same trend as soil respiration with lower values(21.9 to 50.9 mg C/kg soil respectively).Generalized application of OM with or without mineral fertilizers was more favorable to soil microbial activity.

关键词： Agroecology MB soil respiration Burkina Faso

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Use of Agroecological Techniques by Smallholder Farmers to Improve Sorghum Productivity in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2018年第8期8卷 499-506页

作者： Zomboudré Georges Youma Issaka Abdoulaye Batta Fatou Kaboré Roger bourgou Tsuamba Gubbels Peter Department of Natural Resource Management Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04 Burkina Faso Institute for Environment Science and Rural Development (ISEDR) University of Dédougou BP 176 Dédougou Burkina Faso Groundswell International PO Box 2257 Asheville NC 28802 USA Association Minim Song Panga (AMSP) BP 268 Kaya Burkina Faso Association Nourrir Sans Détruire (ANSD) 09 BP 1670 Ouagadougou 09 Burkina Faso

The prevailing farming system in Burkina Faso is smallholder agriculture based on cereal production, especially sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which form the staple diet for the population. Production is constantly challenged by climate hazards, striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.) infestation, inefficient farming practices and declining soil fertility. To address these concerns, one study on several agroecological techniques was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a participative manner with more than 150 male and female farmers from four communities. Each farmer was asked to test out two or three agroecological techniques of his choice and to measure these new techniques against their usual farming practices. These techniques combined the use of organic fertilizer (5 t/ha) and/or mineral fertilizer (2 g/seed hole) with the systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping, in addition to the improved za? technique and the half-moon method. Plant material was composed of local landraces and improved varieties of sorghum, sesame and cowpea. On-farm application of agroecological techniques resulted in significantly increased sorghum production in all four communities. The rates of increase for grain yield were 8% for the half-moon fields and more than 130% for the rotation systems when compared to the farmers’ usual practices. More limited results were achieved with the chemical components of the soil after two years of experimentation. Only the soil’s organic matter showed improvement over the first year. This study shows that crop rotation, mixed cropping and the improved za? technique in combination with compost and improved drought-resistant varieties constitute agroecological strategies favorable to the intensification and diversification of farming systems in the studied locations. The farmers were above all impressed by the on-site management of compost by means of the za? technique which enabled large-scale fertilization of fields.

关键词： Agroecological techniques sorghum yield compost mineral fertilizer crop rotation mixed cropping zai.

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