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Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第5期19卷 584-590页

作者： WANG Fang JIANG Xin bian yong-rong YAO Fen-xia GAO Hong-jian YU Gui-fen Jean Charles MUNCH Reiner SCHROLL State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Institute of Soil Ecology GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX （DDD, DDE and DDT） had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT in soils under three land usages were： paddy field 〉 tree land 〉 fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p＇-（DDD＋DDE）/DDT 〉1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.

关键词： DDT HCH land-use pesticide residue degradation

Residual Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in Lou Soils with Different Fertilization Modes

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 161-168页

作者： WANG Fang bian yong-rong JIANG Xin GAO Hong-Jian YU Gui-Fen DENG Jian-Cai State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 （China）.

Soll samples with three fertilization treatments （no fertilizer, corn straw and farm manure） collected from a Lou soil （Eum-orthic Anthrosol classfied using Chinese Soil Taxonomy） in northwestern China were analysed for residual levels and their characteristics of organochlorine pesticides （α-HCH, β-HCH,γ-HCH, δ-HCH, HCB, o, p＇-DDT, p, p＇-DDT, o, p＇- DDE, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD, α-endosulfan, dieldrin and endrin）. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were detected in all soil samples except δ-HCH and their total concentrations ranged from 159.31 ± 9.00 to 179.77 ± 2.58 ng g^-1 with an order of HCHs 〉 DDTs 〉（dieldrin ＋ endrin）〉 HCB 〉 α-endosulfan. Among all the compounds, γ-HCH had the highest concentration followed by p, p＇-DDE. The residual levels of HCH isomers and DDT as well as their metabolites in soil with different fertilization treatments were in the order of γ-HCH 〉β-HCH ≈ α-HCH 〉 δ-HCH and p,p’-DDE 〉 p, p’-DDT 〉 o,p＇-DDT 〉 p, p＇-DDD ≈ o, p＇-DDE, respectively. DDE/DDT ratios ranged from 1.59 ± 0.13 to 3.35± 0.16 and endrin/dieldrin ratios from 1.40 ±0.06 to 9.20± 4.05, both indicating no new occurrence of these pesticides in these soils, while α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios of 0.04 indicated a new input of lindane （almost pure γ-HCH） in the past several years. The farm manure treatments showed lower DDT residues than samples without fertilizer. Also addition of corn straw and farm manure increased soil organic matter content and decreased the soil pH which could retard the degradation of DDT in the soil.

关键词： Lou soil fertilization mode organochlorine pesticides residue

Effects of Autoclaving and Mercuric Chloride Sterilization on PAHs Dissipation in a Two-Liquid-Phase Soil Slurry

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 56-64页

作者： WANG Cong-Ying WANG Fang WANG Tao YANG Xing-Lun bian yong-rong F. O. KENGARA LI Zeng-Bo JIANG Xin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) School of Environmental Science and Resources Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 (China) Department of Chemistry Maseno University Private Bag Maseno (Kenya) Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan 030021 (China)

A two-liquid-phase （TLP） soil slurry system was employed to quantify the efficiencies of autoclaving and mercuric chloride sterilization in the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocaxbons （PAHs）. The fates of 11 PAHs （naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo（a）anthracene, benzo（a）pyrene, benzo（b）fluoranthene, benzo（k）fluoranthene, dibenzo（a, h）anthracene） were recorded over 113 days of incubation. No microorganisms were detected in the HgC12-sterilized soil slurries during the whole incubation period, indicating very effective sterilization. However, about 2% 36% losses of PAHs were observed in the HgCl2- sterilized slurry. In contrast to the HgCl2-sterilized soil slurry, some microorganisms survived in the autoclaved soil slurries. Moreover, significant biodegradiation of 6 PAHs （naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene） was observed in the autoclaved soil slurries. This indicated that biodegradation results of PAHs in the soil slurries, calculated on basis of the autoclaved control, would be underestimated. It could be concluded that the sterilization efficiency and effectiveness of HgCl2 on soil slurry was much higher than those of autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 45 rain.

关键词： adsorption aqueous solubility biodegradation microorganisms octanol-water partition coefficient

Use of Organic Solvents to Extract Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) from Aged Contaminated Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 10-19页

作者： YE Mao YANG Xing-Lun SUN Ming-Ming bian yong-rong WANG Fang GU Cheng-Gang WEI Hai-Jiang SONG Yang WANG Lei JIN Xin JIANG Xin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Problems associated with organochlorine pesticide （OCP）-contaminated sites in China have received wide attention. To solve such problems, innovative ex-situ methods of site remediation are urgently needed. We investigated the feasibility of the extraction method with different organic solvents, ethanol, 1-propanol, and three fractions of petroleum ether, using a soil collected from Wujiang （W J）, China, a region with long-term contamination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs）. We evaluated different influential factors, including organic solvent concentration, washing time, mixing speed, solutiomto-soil ratio, and washing temperature, on the removal of DDTs from the WJ soil. A set of relatively better parameters were selected for extraction with 100 mL L-1 petroleum ether （60-90 ℃）： washing time of 180 min, mixing speed of 100 r min-I, solution-to-soil ratio of 10：1, and washing temperature of 50 ℃. These selected parameters were also applied on three other seriously OCP-polluted soils. Results demonstrated their broad-spectrum effectiveness and excellent OCP extraction performance on the contaminated soils with different characteristics.

关键词： dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ex-situ soil washing extraction performance petroleum ether site remediation

Improved Biodegradation of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene by Adapted Microorganisms in Agricultural Soil and in Soil Suspension Cultures

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 423-431页

作者： SONG Yang WANG Fang F. O. KENGARA bian yong-rong YANG Xing-Lun LIU Cui-Ying JIANG Xin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Chemistry Maseno University Maseno 40105 (Kenya)

Inoculating soil with an adapted microbial community is a more effective bioaugmentation approach than inoculation with pure strains in ***,information on the potential of different inocula from sites with varying contamination levels and pollution histories in soil remediation is *** objective of the study was to investigate the potential of adapted microorganisms in soil inocula,with different contamination levels and pollution histories,to degrade 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB).Three different soils from chlorobenzene-contaminated sites were inoculated into agricultural soils and soil suspension cultures spiked with 1,2,*** results showed that 36.52% of the initially applied 1,2,4-TCB was present in the non-inoculated soil,whereas about 19.00% of 1,2,4-TCB was present in the agricultural soils inoculated with contaminated soils after 28 days of *** soils inoculated with adapted microbial biomass (in the soil inocula) showed higher respiration and lower 1,2,4-TCB volatilization than the non-inoculated soils,suggesting the existence of 1,2,4-TCB adapted degraders in the contaminated soils used for *** was further confirmed in the contaminated soil suspension cultures that the concentration of inorganic chloride ions increased continuously over the entire experimental *** contamination of the inocula led not only to higher degradation potential but also to higher residue ***,even inocula of low-level contamination were effective in enhancing the degradation of 1,2,***,applying adapted microorganisms in the form of soil inocula,especially with lower contamination levels,could be an effective and environment-friendly strategy for soil remediation.

关键词： bioaugmentation chlorobenzenes contaminated soil dechlorination inoculation volatilization

Residual Levels and New Inputs of Chlorinated POPs in Agricultural Soils from Taihu Lake Region

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Pedosphere 2005年第3期15卷 301-309页

作者： GAOHong-Jian JIANGXin WANGFang bianyong-rong WANGDai-Zhang DENDJian-Cai YANDong-Yun InstituteofSoilScience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China）

Selected persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its principal metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)e- thane (DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers (α-,β-, γ-, and δ-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), endo- sulfan, dieldrin, and endrin were quantified to determine current levels of organochlorine pesticides, to assess the eco- toxicological potential, and to distin…

关键词： agricultural soils chlorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) new input residual levels Taihu Lake region

老化对六六六在土壤中可提取态含量及其生物有效性的影响

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环境科学 2008年第7期29卷 2054-2057页

作者：郜红建蒋新王芳卞永荣安徽农业大学资源与环境学院合肥230036 中国科学院南京土壤研究所南京210008

用室内模拟试验的方法研究了老化作用对六六六在土壤中可提取态含量变化及其在蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)体内的生物富集规律.结果表明,六六六在土壤中的可提取态含量随着时间延长逐渐降低,下降速率呈现初始较快、而后减慢的趋势.在开始60 ... 详细信息

用室内模拟试验的方法研究了老化作用对六六六在土壤中可提取态含量变化及其在蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)体内的生物富集规律.结果表明,六六六在土壤中的可提取态含量随着时间延长逐渐降低,下降速率呈现初始较快、而后减慢的趋势.在开始60 d老化时间内,α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六和δ-六六六在土壤中的老化减少量是其初始添加量的57.2%、50%、52.2%和43.2%,分别是其在180 d内老化减少量的90.5%8、7.4%、72.4%和84.4%.六六六在蚯蚓体内的生物富集量和生物富集系数也表现出和老化相似的规律.不同老化时间内,六六六在蚯蚓体内的生物富集量表现为α-六六六>β-六六六>δ-六六六>γ-六六六.生物富集系数在开始的15 d为γ-六六六>α-六六六>β-六六六>δ-六六六;而后呈α-六六六>β-六六六>γ-六六六>δ-六六六的规律.老化使六六六在土壤中的可提取态含量和生物有效性降低,但仍可以在蚯蚓体内有一定的生物富集,对土壤生态安全的威胁依然存在.

关键词：六六六老化规律可提取性蚯蚓生物有效性

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杀扑磷在土壤色谱柱中的迁移及其模型拟合

环境科学 2008年第9期29卷 2599-2605页

作者：陶亚奇蒋新卞永荣杨兴伦王芳中国科学院南京土壤研究所

基于液相色谱原理,建立了土壤色谱系统.在红壤和砂质灰潮土色谱柱中分别对杀扑磷在3种不同模拟土壤溶液(分别为0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2溶液、0.001 mol.L-1柠檬酸和0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2的混合溶液、0.001 mol.L-1苹果酸和0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2的... 详细信息

基于液相色谱原理,建立了土壤色谱系统.在红壤和砂质灰潮土色谱柱中分别对杀扑磷在3种不同模拟土壤溶液(分别为0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2溶液、0.001 mol.L-1柠檬酸和0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2的混合溶液、0.001 mol.L-1苹果酸和0.01 mol.L-1CaCl2的混合溶液),2种孔隙水流速度(11.46和22.92 cm.h-1)下的迁移行为进行了实验研究,获得了示踪剂Cl-和杀扑磷的穿透曲线(BTCs).通过CXTFIT2.1软件,用局部平衡(LEA)对流-扩散方程(CDE)和化学非平衡两点模型(TSM)拟合了杀扑磷的BTCs,获得了物理和水动力学参数.研究表明,用TSM对本实验条件下杀扑磷迁移的仿真具有较高的精度,这为预测和控制有机磷农药在土壤环境中的迁移与归宿行为提供了理论依据.

关键词：土壤色谱柱迁移模型拟合杀扑磷

2种水稻土中Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸动力学

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生态与农村环境学报 2006年第3期22卷 65-69页

作者：谢丹徐仁扣蒋新卞永荣中国科学院南京土壤研究所

用一次平衡法研究了2种水稻土表面吸附态Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸动力学行为及柠檬酸和酒石酸对2种重金属离子解吸的影响。结果表明,虽然2种土壤对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量比Cu(Ⅱ)高得多,但无论在单一重金属体系还是Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)共存体系中,Cu(Ⅱ... 详细信息

用一次平衡法研究了2种水稻土表面吸附态Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸动力学行为及柠檬酸和酒石酸对2种重金属离子解吸的影响。结果表明,虽然2种土壤对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量比Cu(Ⅱ)高得多,但无论在单一重金属体系还是Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)共存体系中,Cu(Ⅱ)的解吸量均大于Pb(Ⅱ),湖州水稻土Cu(Ⅱ)的解吸量大于嘉兴水稻土,说明土壤对重金属离子的吸附亲和力越大,吸附的重金属离子越不易解吸。用E lovich方程拟合动力学数据可以获得比较满意的结果。解吸速率与时间的关系曲线表明,Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸速率随时间的增加迅速减小。Cu(Ⅱ)的解吸速率大于Pb(Ⅱ),柠檬酸和酒石酸不仅使重金属的解吸量增加,而且使Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸速率大大提高。2种有机酸对Cu(Ⅱ)解吸的促进作用大于Pb(Ⅱ),柠檬酸的促进作用大于酒石酸。

关键词： Cu(Ⅱ) Pb(Ⅱ) 解吸动力学有机酸水稻土