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Biodiversity effects and transgressive overyielding

Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第2期1卷 95-102页

作者： bernhard Schmid Andy Hector Prasenjit Saha Michel Loreau Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Physics Institute University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Biology McGill University1205 ave Docteur PenfieldMontrealQuebecCanada H3A 1B1

Aims The potential for mixtures of plant species to produce more biomass than every one of their constituent species in monoculture is still controversially discussed in the *** we tested how this socalled transgressive overyielding is affected by variation between and within species in monoculture yields in biodiversity *** We use basic statistical principles to calculate expected maximum monoculture yield in a species pool used for a biodiversity *** a real example we show how between-and withinspecies variance components in monoculture yields can be *** the two components we estimate the importance of sampling bias in transgressive overyielding *** Findings The net biodiversity effect(difference between mixture and average monoculture yield)needed to achieve transgressive overyielding increases with the number of species in a mixture and with the variation between constituent species in monoculture *** there is no significant variation between species,transgressive overyielding should not be calculated using the best monoculture,because in this case the difference between this species and the other species could exclusively reflect a sampling *** sampling bias decreases with increasing variation between *** for transgressive overyielding require replicated species’***,it can be doubted whether such an emphasis on monocultures in biodiversity experiments is justified if an analysis of transgressive overyielding is not the major goal.

关键词： biodiversity experiments mixtures monocultures overyielding analysis sampling bias

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Impact of a biochar or a biochar-compost mixture on water relation, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of Phragmites karka

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Pedosphere 2020年第4期30卷 466-477页

作者： Zainul ABIDEEN Hans-Werner KOYRO bernhard HUCHZERMEYER Bilquees GUL M.Ajmal KHAN Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization University of KarachiKarachi 75270(Pakistan) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessen D-35392(Germany) Institute of Botany Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz UniversityHannover D-30419(Germany)

Soil water and nutrient status are both of major importance for plant appearance and growth *** objective of this study was to understand the effect of biochar(1.5%)and a biochar-compost mixture(1.5%biochar+1.5%compost)on the performance of Phragmites karka plants grown on a synthetic nutrient-poor sandy clay soil(50% sand,30% clay,and 20% gravel).Indicators of plant performance,such as growth,lignocellulosic biomass,water status(leaf water potential,osmotic potential,and turgor potential),mineral nutrition status,leaf gas exchange,and chlorophyll fluorescence,and soil respiration(carbon dioxide(CO2)flux)were assessed under greenhouse ***-treated plants had higher growth rates and lignocellulosic biomass production than control plants with no biochar and no *** was also a significant increase in soil respiration in the treatments with biochar,which stimulated microbial *** increase in soil water-holding capacity after biochar amendment caused significant improvements in plant water status and plant ion(K^+,Mg^2+,and Ca^2+)contents,leading to an increase in net photosynthesis and a higher energy-use efficiency of photosystem ***-treated plants had lower oxidative stress,increased water-use efficiency,and decreased soil respiration,and the biochar-compost mixture resulted in even greater improvements in growth,leaf turgor potential,photosynthesis,nutrient content,and soil gas *** results suggest that biochar and compost promote plant growth with respect to nutrient uptake,water balance,and photosynthetic system *** summary,both the soil amendments studied could increase opportunities for *** to sequester CO2 and produce more fodder bio-active compounds and biomass for bio-energy on nutrient-poor degraded soils.

关键词： bio-energy crop chlorophyll fluorescence degraded soil plant eco-physiology plant growth photochemical efficiency water status

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Potentials for Saving Energy and CO_2-Emission Through the Use of EPM Technologies

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S2期19卷 679-682页

作者： BAAKE Egbert UBBENJANS bernhard Institute of Electrotechnology Leibniz Universitat Hannover

The paper demonstrates how electromagnetic processing of materials(EPM)provides significant opportunities for saving primary energy and reducing carbon emissions in industrial thermal *** electricity can replace up to 100%of other energy carriers currently used for process *** the time horizon from now to the year 2050 a transition scenario is developed and *** this scenario the industrial processes are gradually switched from the actual situation to a situation with 100%electrically operated industrial *** developed scenarios take into account the most energy intensive industrial thermal processes,which could be replaced by electrothermal technologies and offer obviously the biggest future potential in terms of saving of primary energy and reducing of carbon *** the average primary energy factor(PEF)gradually decreases from 2.5 currently,to 1 for a 100%renewable electricity system,the benefits of EPM will gradually *** each step in the development of the PEF the annual primary energy savings and annual reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are calculated and described in this paper.

关键词： CO_2-emission primary energy factor industrial thermal processes electrothermal technologies

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XDEM multi-physics and multi-scale simulation technology: Review of DEM-CFD coupling, methodology and engineering applications

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 176-193页

作者： bernhard Peters Maryam Baniasadi Mehdi Baniasadi Xavier Besseron Alvaro Estupinan Donoso Mohammad Mohseni Gabriele Pozzetti Universite du Luxembourg 6. rue Coudenhove-Kalergi L-1359 Luxembourg

The extended discrete element method (XDEM) multi-physics and multi-scale simulation platform is being developed at the Institute of Computational Engineering, the University of Luxembourg. The platform is an advanced multi-physics simulation technology that combines flexibility and versatility to establish the next generation of multi-physics and multi-scale simulation tools. For this purpose, the simulation framework relies on coupling various predictive tools based on an Eulerian and Lagrangian approach. The Euleria n approach represents the wide field of con tinuum models;the Lagra ngian approach is perfect for characterising discrete phases. Continuum models thus include classical simulation tools, such as computational fluid dynamics simulation and finite element analysis, while an extended configuration of the classical discrete element method addresses the discrete (e.g., particulate) phase. Apart from predicting the trajectories of in dividual particles, XDEM-suite extends the application of the XDEM to estimating the thermodynamic state of each particle using advanced and optimised algorithms. The thermodynamic state may include temperature and species distributions due to chemical reaction and external heat sources. Hence, coupling these extended features with either computational fluid dynamics simulation or finite element analysis opens a wide range of applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food processing, mining, construction and agricultural machinery, metals manufacturing, energy production and systems biology.

关键词： Multi-phase modelling Coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method

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Interleukin-1 beta induces the expression and production of stem cell factor by epithelial cells： crucial involvement of the PI-3K/mTOR pathway and HIF-1 transcription complex

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 47-56页

作者： Rafal W Wyszynski bernhard F Gibbs Luca Varani Daniela Iannotta Vadim V Sumbayev School of Pharmacy University of Kent Kent UK Institute for Research in Biomedicine Bellinzona Switzerland These authors are Contributed equally to this study

Potential crosslinks between inflammation and leukaemia have been discussed for some time, but experimental evidence to support this dogma is scarce. In particular, it is important to understand the mechanisms responsible for potential upregulation of proto-oncogenic growth factor expressions by inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the ability of the highly inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） to induce the production of stem cell factor （SCF）, which is a major hematopoietic growth factor that controls the progression of acute myeloid leukaemia upon malignant transformation of haematopoietic myeloid cells. We found that human IL-1β induced the expression/secretion of SCF in MCF-7 human epithelial breast cancer cells and that this process depended on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 （HIF-1） transcription complex. We also demonstrated a crucial role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI-3K）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway in IL-1β-induced HIF-1α accumulation in MCF-7 cells. Importantly, mTOR was also found to play a role in IL-1β-induced SCF production. Furthermore, a tendency for a positive correlation of IL-1β and SCF levels in the plasma of healthy human donors was observed. Altogether, our results demonstrate that IL-1β, which normally bridges innate and adaptive immunity, induces the production of the major haematopoietic/proleukaemic growth factor SCF through the PI-3K/mTOR pathway and the HIF-1 transcription complex. These findings strongly suoDort a cross-talk between inflammation and acute mveloid leukaemia.

关键词： Inflammation Stem cell factor Leukaemia Hypoxia

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Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge:An Example from Eberbach, Germany

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 56-71页

作者： Carolin Klonner Tomás J.Usón Nicole Aeschbach bernhard Höfle Institute of Geography Heidelberg University69120 HeidelbergGermany Institute of European Ethnology and IRI THESys(Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems) Humboldt University of Berlin10117 BerlinGermany

A rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this *** are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local *** a field study in Eberbach(Baden–Wuerttemberg,Germany)sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about *** on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile,the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach,which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River,a major river in southwest *** empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control *** of the participants in each group are residents and half are *** sampling was used,and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors,such as property,influence the risk perception of the study *** results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians,and owning property leads to higher risk *** flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch *** river flooding,one map with an overview of the area was sufficient,while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small *** information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood *** participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments,researchers,and citizens.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Flooding Local knowledge Participatory approach Sketch maps Volunteered geographic information

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Circularly polarized phosphorescence and photon transport of micro/nanocrystals of ruthenium and iridium complexes with chiral anions

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中国科学:化学英文版 2023年第10期66卷 2892-2902页

作者： Zhong-Qiu Li Zhong-Liang Gong Tongling Liang Stefan bernhard Yu-Wu Zhong Jiannian Yao Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS) CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvania 15213USA

Materials with efficient circularly polarized phosphorescences(CPPs) are of potential use in advanced data encryption and anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, optoelectronic devices and so forth. Herein, a simple method is presented for the preparations of CPP-active micro/nanocrystals with large luminescence dissymmetry factors(glum), high phosphorescence quantum efficiencies(Φ_(P)) and tunable emission colors. Diastereomeric Ir^(Ⅲ) and Ru^(Ⅱ) complexes with chiral(±)-camphorsulfonate counter-anions are readily synthesized and assembled into crystalline microrods, microplates or nanofibers with ordered morphologies. The chirality information of chiral counter-anions is efficiently transferred to the metal components to afford CPPs with cyan, green,yellow, or red emission colors and Φ_(P)in the range of 5%–85%. The number of chiral anions is found to play a role in influencing the CPP magnitudes of these crystals. The dicationic Ru^(Ⅱ) and tricationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes show glumvalues in the 10^(-2)order, which are much larger with respect to those of monocationic Ir^(Ⅲ) complexes. Single crystal X-ray analysis is performed to obtain information on the chirality transfer of these materials. In addition, circularly polarized photonic signal waveguiding is demonstrated using the microcrystals of an Ir^(Ⅲ)complex. This work demonstrates an appealing strategy of constructing chiral micro/nano-architectures for potential applications in chiral nanophotonics.

关键词： circularly polarized luminescence transition metal complexes chirality transfer micro/nanocrystals photon transport

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Induced Foxp3^(+)regulatory T cells:a potential new weapon to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases?

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2012年第1期4卷 22-28页

作者： Qin Lan Huimin Fan Valerie Quesniaux bernhard Ryffel Zhongmin Liu Song Guo Zheng Medicine Translation Center Shanghai East HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200120China Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033USA UMR6218 Molecular ImmunologyUniversity and CNRS3b rue de la FerollerieOrleans F-45071France

Foxp3^(+)T regulatory cells(Tregs)consisting of natural and induced Treg subsets play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis against *** actions designed to correct defects in numbers or functions of Tregs may be therapeutic in the treatment of autoimmune *** recent studies demonstrated that natural Tregs are instable and dysfunctional in the in-flammatory condition,induced Tregs(iTregs)may have a different *** we review the progress of iTregs,particularly focus on their stability and function in the established autoimmune *** advantage of iTregs as therapeutics used under inflammatory conditions is *** generation and manipulation of iTregs used for cellular therapy may provide a promise for the treatment of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

关键词： autoimmune and inflammatory diseases immunoregulation regulatory T cells TGF-b Foxp3 Th17 cells atRA

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The first 10 years of JPE

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 799-802页

作者： bernhard Schmid Pu Wang Lijuan Liu Shiqiang Wan Yao Huang Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China College of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityNo.180Wusidong RoadBaodingHebei 071002China

Ten years ago,the Botanical Society of China together with the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to launch the new international Journal of Plant Ecology,or in short JPE,to introduce the works of Chinese ecologists to the international community and promote ecological research in *** new journal,which could be considered as an off-spring of the corresponding Chinese-language journal,offers authors from all over the world,but also specifically from China,a platform to publish peer-reviewed original research and reviews in the broad field of plant *** initial discussions in the editorial board and with Oxford University Press,we decided that it would be best if the authors with their submissions are allowed to define the scope of the journal,because in this way we could gain a unique profile with least overlap with other international *** prime goal was to publish good and relevant science,which would produce long-term impact as a secondary result.

关键词： journal discussions decided

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Traction-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection for polypectomy in the large intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5462-5466页

作者： bernhard Dauser Thomas Winkler Behrooz Salehi Stefan Riss Franz Beer Friedrich Herbst Department of Surgery St. John of God Hospital Department of Surgery Medical University of Vienna Kerjaschki Laboratory of Pathology

AIM: To evaluate if traction-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (TA-EMR) is feasible and if it enables en bloc resection of colorectal lesions. METHODS: Seven patients with a total of 12 colorectal adenomas were prospectively enrolled. All lesions were removed by TA-EMR: one hemostatic clip tied to a white silk suture was applied to the base of the lesion to allow traction through the working channel of the colonoscope. A conventional polypectomy snare was mounted over the suture and the lesion was pulled into the snare and resected in one piece. RESULTS: All 12 lesions (nine sessile) were resected en bloc with free lateral and vertical margins by using this novel technique, including five lesions (5/12, 41.6%) in less-accessible positions, where TA-EMR enabled complete visualization of the base before resection. Mean longest lesion and specimen sizes were 9 mm (range: 6-25 mm) and 11 mm in diameter (range: 7-17 mm),respectively. No serious procedure-related complications were observed. CONCLUSION: TA-EMR through the endoscope using a hemostatic clip and suture material is technically feasible. Visualization of colorectal lesions in less-accessible locations can be improved.

关键词： Traction-assisted Endoscopic mucosal resection Colon polyp Colonoscopy

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