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Water evacuations in remote tourist regions: evaluating case studies from natural hazards in North Patagonian lakes, Argentina

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1782-1807页

作者： SALGADO Pablo Agustin VILLAROSA Gustavo beigt debora OUTES Valeria IPATEC(Instituto Andino-Patagonico de Tecnologias Biologicas y Geoambientales) CONICET-UNCOAv.de los Pioneros 23508400 S.C.de BarilocheArgentina Centro Regional Uniuersitario Bariloche Universidad Nacional del ComahueQuintral 12508400 S.C.de BarilocheArgentina

The remote North Patagonian region is a sparsely populated territory and a world famous tourist destination located on the leeward side of the Andes Mountains. Recent disasters triggered by various types of geoenvironmental hazards(including volcanic eruptions, mass-wasting processes and extreme weather events) heavily disrupted ground transport networks in a region with already limited territorial accessibilities. All these catastrophes prompted the need to evacuate or assist a number of secluded visitors, locals and livestock extemporaneously on board of coastguards and tourist passenger-ships from the shores of the many glacial lakes that make up part of the regional attraction. Despite the recurrence of these types of events, water evacuations in the region continue to be spontaneous, improvised and hazardous procedures. This contribution reconstructs and assesses a number of recent local-scale cases of lake evacuations and assistances from a number of Patagonian urban centers, rural areas and tourist sites. For each case study, we systematically elaborated on the prime components of an evacuation process, which enabled us to recognize key achievements, failures and conditioning factors for managing emergencies via water transport, most of them inherent to the studied region. Some of the complexities to emerge from case studies referred to: complex hazard-related scenarios;limited ground-based accessibilities and risk of isolation;various inter-and intra-organizational issues, incidental to natural reserves and tourist regions;a wide range of particular demographic features;and the availability and vulnerability of water transport resources. We suggested fundamental and replicable recommendations for developing water evacuation plans, also identifying forthcoming problems to solve in order to improve the management of emergencies through this alternative means of transport.

关键词： Water transport Emergency management Accessibility problems Tourism activities Volcanic crises Mountain area

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