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Ecological problems and ecological restoration zoning of the Aral Sea

Journal of Arid Land 2024年第3期16卷 315-330页

作者： bao anming YU Tao XU Wenqiang LEI Jiaqiang JIAPAER Guli CHEN Xi Tojibaev KOMILJON Shomurodov KHABIBULLO Xabibullaev B SAGIDULLAEVICH Idirisov KAMALATDIN State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Key Laboratory of GIS&RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Urumqi 830011China Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent 100125Uzbekistan International Innovation Center for Aral Sea Basin under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Nukus 230100Uzbekistan

The Aral Sea was the fourth largest lake in the world but it has shrunk dramatically as a result of irrational human activities, triggering the "Aral Sea ecological crisis". The ecological problems of the Aral Sea have attracted widespread attention, and the alleviation of the Aral Sea ecological crisis has reached a consensus among the five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan). In the past decades, many ecological management measures have been implemented for the ecological restoration of the Aral Sea. However, due to the lack of regional planning and zoning, the results are not ideal. In this study, we mapped the ecological zoning of the Aral Sea from the perspective of ecological restoration based on soil type, soil salinity, surface water, groundwater table, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), land cover, and aerosol optical depth(AOD) data. Soil salinization and salt dust are the most prominent ecological problems in the Aral Sea. We divided the Aral Sea into 7 first-level ecological restoration subregions(North Aral Sea catchment area in the downstream of the Syr Darya River(Subregion Ⅰ);artificial flood overflow area in the downstream of the Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅱ);physical/chemical remediation area of the salt dust source area in the eastern part of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅲ);physical/chemical remediation area of severe salinization in the central part of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅳ);existing water surface and potential restoration area of the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅴ);Aral Sea vegetation natural recovery area(Subregion Ⅵ);and vegetation planting area with slight salinization in the South Aral Sea(Subregion Ⅶ)) and 14 second-level ecological restoration subregions according to the ecological zoning principles. Implementable measures are proposed for each ecological restoration subregion. For Subregion Ⅰ and Subregion Ⅱ with lower elevations, artificial flooding should be carried out to re

关键词： ecological restoration zoning salt and dust storms soil salinization ecological crisis Aral Sea Central Asia

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Regime dynamics of hydrochemical and toxicological parameters of the Irtysh River in Kazakhstan

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 521-532页

作者： Diana M BURLIBAYEVA Malik Zh BURLIBAYEV Christian OPP bao anming Department of Water Resources and Land Reclamation Kazakh National Agrarian UniversityAlmaty 050010Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology Almaty 050012Kazakhstan Department Hydrology&Soil Science Faculty of GeographyPhilipps UniversityMarburg 35032Germany Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

Since the Irtysh River flows through the important economic, ecological and social territories of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the water quality issues growingly draw the attention of the water authorities from these countries. Therefore, a detailed study of the hydrochemical regime and toxicological indicators in Kazakhstan was carried out for understanding the regime dynamics of water quality and its affect factors. The combined assessment of maximum permissible concentration （MPC） of chemical components and biotesting method were proposed and performed for the study area. The results clearly showed that the concentrations of single chemical component at different locations are mostly under MPC standard in a basin scale. However, the watershed surface runoff and tributary stream flow from mining industry areas had high concentration of heavy metals and had significant impact on the water quality near Ust-Kamenogorsk. Furthermore, even the stream water generally meet MPC standard, the results of biotesting method show the toxicity level of water sample is lethal for the test objects of phytoplankton and Daphnia. The survival rates of most water samples are lower than 46.7%. Hereby, this study strongly suggests using combined water assessment methods to evaluate the water quality.

关键词： hydrochemistry biotesting method Irtysh River Kazakhstan

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Measuring cotton water status using water-related vegetation indices at leaf and canopy levels

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 310-319页

作者： QiuXiang YI anming bao Yi LUO Jin ZHAO Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

Drought is one of the major environmental threats in the world. In recent years, the damage from droughts to the environment and economies of some countries has been extensive, and drought monitoring has caused widespread concerns. Remote sensing has a proven ability to provide spatial and temporal measurements of surface properties, and it offers an opportunity for the quantitative assessment of drought indicators such as the vegetation water content at different levels. In this study, sites of cotton field in Shihezi, Xinjiang, Northwest China were sampled. Four classical water content parameters, namely the leaf equivalent water thickness （EWT^e,f）, the fuel moisture content （FMC）, the canopy equivalent water thickness （EVVmcanopy） and vegetation water content （VWC） were evaluated against seven widely-used water-related vegetation indices, namely the NDII （normalized difference infrared index）, NDWI2130 （normalized difference water index）, NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index）, MSI （moisture stress index）, SRWI （simple ratio water index）, NOWI1240 （normalized difference water index） and WI （water index）, respectively. The results proved that the relationships between the water-related vegetation indices and EWTleaf were much better than that with FMC, and the relationships between vegetation indices and EWTcanopy were better than that with VWC. Furthermore, comparing the significance of all seven water-related vegetation in- dices, WI and NDII proved to be the best candidates for EWT detecting at leaf and canopy levels, with R2 of 0.262 and 0.306 for EWTlear-WI and EWTcanopy-NDII linear models, respectively. Besides, the prediction power of linear regression technique （LR） and artificial neural network （ANN） were compared using calibration and validation dataset, respectively. The results indicated that the performance of ANN as a predictive tool for water status meas- uring was as good as LR. The study should further our understanding of the relationship

关键词： artificial neural network cotton linear regression vegetation indices water parameters

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Response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang during the period of 1998-2009

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第2期3卷 94-103页

作者： XiaoMing CAO Xi CHEN anming bao Quan WANG Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Urumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Faculty of Agriculture Shizuoka University Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan

In this paper,10-day spatio-temporal response of vegetation to the change of temperature and precipitation in spring,summer,autumn and whole year during the period of 1998―2009 was analyzed based on the data of SPOT VEGETATION-NDVI and 10-day average temperature or precipitation from 54 meteorological stations in *** results show that the response of 10-day NDVI to temperature was more significant than that to precipitation,and the maximal response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation lagged for two 10-day ***,the effect of temperature and precipitation on vegetation NDVI was most marked in autumn,then in spring,and it was not significant in *** response of vegetation to 10-day change of meteorological factors was positive with a long affecting duration in spring,and it had a relatively short affecting duration in autumn and ***,the 10-day maximal response of NDVI to temperature in northern Xinjiang was higher than that in southern *** correlation between the 10-day NDVI in whole year and the temperature in the 0-8th 10-day period was significantly higher than that between the annual NDVI and the annual temperature at all meteorological stations;the interannual change of NDVI was accordant well with the change of annual ***,the effect of precipitation within a year on NDVI was not *** results indicated that interannual change of temperature was not the dominant factor affecting the change of vegetation NDVI in Xinjiang,but the decrease of annual precipitation was the main factor resulting in the fluctuation of vegetation ***-day average temperature was an important factor to promote vegetation growth in Xinjiang within a year,but the effect of precipitation on vegetation growth within a year was not strong.

关键词： NDVI temperature precipitation correlation scale

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Simulation of groundwater table dynamics based on Feflow in the Minqin Basin,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第2期4卷 123-131页

作者： Lan MA XiaoMei WEI anming bao ShiFei WANG Key Laboratory of Water Sediment Sciences College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

As groundwater table declination is an important factor resulting in degradation of eco-environment in the Minqin Basin, China, it is significant to investigate and understand the groundwater table dynamics in this area. According to the physical and geographical conditions of the Minqin Basin, a hydrogeological conceptual model and a mathematical model were established, and the mathematical model was figured out by using Finite Element subsurface Flow system （Feflow）. Accurate hydrogeological parameters were acquired, and the spatio-temporal distribution dynamics of groundwater table for 1983-2001 were also simulated. The model performed well with a correlation coefficient of 0.977 and a mean error of 0.9768 m. The inflow and outflow of the groundwater system were predicted by time series analysis, and the groundwater table dynamics for 2011 were further acquired. Gen- erally the groundwater table in the Minqin Basin would continue to decline. The groundwater table would decline during spring and summer irrigation, while it would rise during autumn-winter irrigation. The groundwater depression cones would expand with the increase of center depths. Therefore, regulatory measures should be taken to prevent the declination of groundwater table and improve the eco-environment of this area.

关键词： Feflow time series analysis groundwater table dynamics simulation prediction

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Assessing Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Water Storage Changes in the Mountainous Areas of Central Asia Based on GRACE

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Chinese Geographical Science 2017年第6期27卷 918-933页

作者： ZHANG Pengfei CHEN Xi bao anming LIU Tie Felix NDAYISABA Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Oriimqi 830011 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The mountainous areas of Central Asia provide substantial water resources, and studying change in water storage and the impacts of precipitation and snow cover in the mountain ranges of Central Asia is of the greatest importance for understanding regional water shortages and the main factors. Data from the GRACE （Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment） satellites, precipitation prod- ucts and snow-covered area data were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage changes and the effects of precipitation and snow cover from April 2002 to December 2013. The results were computed for each mountain ranges, and the follow- ing conclusions were drawn. The water storage in the mountainous areas of Central Asia as a whole increases in summer and winter, whereas it decreases in autumn. The water storage is affected by precipitation to some extent and some areas exhibit hysteresis. The area of positive water storage changes moves from west to east over the course of the year. The water storage declined during the period 2002-2004. It then returned to a higher level in 2005-2006 and featured lower levels in 2007-009 Subsequently, the water storage increased gradually from 2010 to 2013. The Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountain subzones examined in this study display similar tendencies, and the trends observed in the Karakorum Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains are also similar. However, the Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountains were influenced by precipitation to a greater degree than the latter two ranges. The water storage in Qilian Mountains showed a pronounced increasing trend, and this range is the most strongly affected by precipitation. Based on an analysis of all investigated subzones, precipitation has the greatest influence on total water storage relative to the snow covered area in some areas of Central Asia. The results obtained from this study will be of value for scientists stud- ying the mechanisms

关键词： water storage Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mountainous areas Central Asia precipitation

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Estimation of the rational water area for controlling wind erosion in the dried-up basin of the Ebinur Lake and its effect detection

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A01期51卷 68-74页

作者： bao anming MU Guijin ZHANG Yi FENG Xianwei CHANG Cun YIN Xiaojun Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Urumqi 830011 China Planning and Design Administration Bureau Xinjiang Bureau of Hy drology and Water Resources Urumqi 830000 China

埃比纳·莱克区域被描述为“一个格林迷宫”在“ Xinjiang MapRecords：河的记录“然而，在 1910 出版了在这个区域的生态学和环境严重由于人的活动的影响被堕落了在期间最近 40 年。渴起来，有 107.4 km^2 的一个区域的湖盆在它的西... 详细信息

埃比纳·莱克区域被描述为“一个格林迷宫”在“ Xinjiang MapRecords：河的记录“然而，在 1910 出版了在这个区域的生态学和环境严重由于人的活动的影响被堕落了在期间最近 40 年。渴起来，有 107.4 km^2 的一个区域的湖盆在它的西北的部分形成，是没有植被，盖住 byunconsolidated 淤泥沉积物，并且在北方 Xinjiang 成为了灰尘天气的主要灰尘来源之一，并且有 4.8x10 ~ 6t 的年度数量的灰尘被大风从有 164 天的 Alataw 山脉差距从这个区域吹一年里的发生的大风。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的埃比纳·莱克的合理的水区域和流入在在弄干起来的湖盆分析在沉积物的小粒的作文之间的当前的生态的问题和关系以后用水平衡方程被估计并且灰尘天气，和最近的年里的生态的效果被监视。为在弄干起来的湖盆在湖区域和有效地控制的风侵蚀改进生态学的 theEbinur 湖的水区域应该至少是 800 km^2，这被考虑，并且湖应该在 7.92x10 ~ 上的再装的表面流量和地下水的年度体积 8 m^3。

关键词： Ebinur湖水域生态环境尘暴

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Simulating hydrological responses to climate change using dynamic and statistical downscaling methods: a case study in the Kaidu River Basin, Xinjiang, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第6期10卷 905-920页

作者： BA Wulong DU Pengfei LIU Tie bao anming LUO Min Mujtaba HASSAN QIN Chengxin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University Beijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Space Sciences Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Climate change may affect water resources by altering various processes in natural ecosystems. Dynamic and statistical downscaling methods are commonly used to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources. Objectively, both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, we assessed the impacts of climate change on water resources during the future periods (2020–2029 and 2040–2049) in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin, Xinjiang, China, and discussed the uncertainties in the research processes by integrating dynamic and statistical downscaling methods (regional climate models (RCMs) and general circulation modes (GCMs)) and utilizing these outputs. The reference period for this study is 1990–1999. The climate change trend is represented by three bias-corrected RCMs (i.e., Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 regional climate model (HadGEM3-RA), Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4), and Seoul National University Meso-scale Model version 5 (SUN-MM5)) and an ensemble of GCMs on the basis of delta change method under two future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We applied the hydrological SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model which uses the RCMs/GCMs outputs as input to analyze the impacts of climate change on the stream flow and peak flow of the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin. The simulation of climate factors under future scenarios indicates that both temperature and precipitation in the study area will increase in the future compared with the reference period, with the largest increase of annual mean temperature and largest percentage increase of mean annual precipitation being of 2.4°C and 38.4%, respectively. Based on the results from bias correction of climate model outputs, we conclude that the accuracy of RCM (regional climate model) simulation is much better for temperature than for precipitation. The percentage increase in precipitation simulated by the three RCMs is generally higher t

关键词： RCM GCM climate change downscaling bias correction SWAT Tianshan Mountains

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A simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming model for water resources management in Kaidu-Konqi watershed,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第4期4卷 390-398页

作者： Yue HUANG Xi CHEN YongPing LI anming bao YongGang MA College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China StateKey Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization Sino-Canada Resources and Environmental ResearchAcademy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Xinjiang Remote Sensing Center Urumqi 830011 China

This study presented a simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming （STIP） model to support water resources management in the Kaidu-Konqi watershed in Northwest China. The modeling system coupled a distributed hydrological model with an interval two-stage stochastic programing （ITSP）. The distributed hydrological model was used for establishing a rainfall-runoff forecast system, while random parameters were pro- vided by the statistical analysis of simulation outcomes water resources management planning in Kaidu-Konqi The developed STIP model was applied to a real case of watershed, where three scenarios with different water re- sources management policies were analyzed. The results indicated that water shortage mainly occurred in agri- culture, ecology and forestry sectors. In comparison, the water demand from municipality, industry and stock- breeding sectors can be satisfied due to their lower consumptions and higher economic values. Different policies for ecological water allocation can result in varied system benefits, and can help to identify desired water allocation plans with a maximum economic benefit and a minimum risk of system disruption under uncertainty.

关键词： optimization two-stage stochastic programming uncertainty water resources management hydrological model Kaidu-Konqi watershed Tarim River Basin

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Study on the biomass change derived from the hyperspectral data of cotton leaves in canopy under moisture stress

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A01期51卷 173-178页

作者： SUN Li CHEN Xi WU Jianjun FENG Xianwei bao anming MA Yaqin WANG Dengwei Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China State Remote Sensing Center Ministry of Science and Technology Beijing 100875 China Center of High-yield Crop Research Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China

在这研究，在美国做的一个 ASD 分光计被用来在北方 Xinjiang 在华盖导出棉花叶子的 hyperspectral 数据。红边的不可分的区域变量被用来在华盖在棉花叶子估计全部的氮(TN ) 内容。反射系列微分的第一份订单被执行。分析方法基于光谱位... 详细信息

在这研究，在美国做的一个 ASD 分光计被用来在北方 Xinjiang 在华盖导出棉花叶子的 hyperspectral 数据。红边的不可分的区域变量被用来在华盖在棉花叶子估计全部的氮(TN ) 内容。反射系列微分的第一份订单被执行。分析方法基于光谱位置变量从第一份订单被导出微分光谱数据。在红边的不可分的区域之间的关联上的分析( SDr ，认为是独立变量)并且 TN 内容(认为是功能)被执行，并且在在棉花变化的华盖叶子的红边和 TN 内容的不可分的区域之间的数学模型作为 Xinluzao 说出 No.6 的关联被开发。在在单个棉花的叶绿素内容和 TN 内容之间的关联上的分析在华盖与不同的水体积在灌溉下面成长离开被执行。结果证明在叶绿素内容和 TN 内容之间有重要积极关联(R = 0.8723， n = 39 ) ，并且叶绿素内容的数据能被用来在单个棉花叶子估计 TN 内容；在在在华盖的棉花叶子的红边和 TN 内容的不可分的区域变量之间的关联是重要的，他们的关联系数是 0.7394 ( n = 40 )，在作为 Xinluzao 号码 6 和号码 8 罐头说出的棉花变化的华盖叶子的 TN 内容被使用发达模型精确地估计，并且他们的 RMSE 价值分别地是 0.3859 和 0.4272 。在研究以后，有一个适用的潜力使用红边的不可分的区域变量在华盖在棉花叶子估计 TN 内容，这被考虑，并且数学模型与第三方面的区域变量发展了让高适用在在庄稼华盖导出 TN 内容珍视。认出应力由研究移动和红边的变化程度由棉花植物承受了的潮湿是可行的，这也被考虑，并且钥匙是开发相应合理识别索引系统。

关键词：水应力棉花光谱数据生物量

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