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Case analysis of water exchange between the Bohai and Yellow Seas in response to high winds in winter

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第1期38卷 30-41页

作者： JU Xia MA Chao YAO Zhigang bao xianwen College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)Qingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR)Qingdao 266061China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China

Based on the data from a special project titled China's Offshore Marine Integrated Investigation and Evaluation as well as Regional Ocean Modeling Systems(ROMS)diagnostic numerical model,we studied the influence of high wind processes on the circulation and water exchange between the Bohai and Yellow Seas(BYS)in winter.The results show that the vertical structure of the Yellow Sea Warm Current(YSWC)is relatively uniform under condition of high winds,showing obvious barotropic features.However,this flow is not a stable mean flow,showing strong paroxysmal and reciprocating characteristics.A comparison of the changes in sea level suggests that the intensity of the northwards upwind flow is consistent with the abnormal fluctuations in the sea level.It indicates that the upwind flow is closely related to the water exchange between the BYS.The impact of high wind processes on the water exchange between the BYS is enormous.It can make the flux through the Bohai Strait,as well as that through the mouth of each constituent bay(i.e.,Liaodong Bay,Bohai Bay,and Laizhou Bay)far greater than usual,resulting in a significant increase in the water exchange rate.The exchange capacity,which is about 8%of the total volume of the Bohai Sea,can be completed in a few days.Therefore,the water exchange of the Bohai Sea may be completed by only a few occasional high wind processes in winter.

关键词： high wind Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) sea level rise or drop water exchange

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Tidal Characteristics in the Wenzhou Offshore Waters and Changes Resulting from the Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第6期14卷 931-940页

作者： bao Min bao xianwen YU Huaming DING Yang College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Physical Oceanography Laboratory Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and TechnologyOcean University of China

The Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project is the core part of Wenzhou Peninsula Engineering which is a big comprehensive development project to expand the city space. The dynamics of the surrounding area was proved to suffer little effect in response to the Lingni north dyke since it was built approximately along the current direction. Therefore, this paper focuses firstly on the tidal characteristics in the Wenzhou and Yueqing bays with the Lingni north dyke being built and then on the changes resulting from the implementation of the on-going Wenzhou Shoal Reclamation Project(WSRP) which will reclaim land from the whole Wenzhou Shoal. To simulate the tidal dynamics, a high-resolution coastal ocean model with unstructured triangular grids was set up for the Wenzhou and Yueqing Bays. The model resolved the complicated tidal dynamics with the simulated tidal elevation and current in good agreement with observations. In the study area, M2 is the predominant tidal component, which means the tide is semidiurnal. The new reclamation project hardly affects the Yueqing Bay and the open ocean, but there are concentrated effects on the mouth of the southern branch of the Oujiang River and the southwest of Wenzhou Shoal. This study provides an indicative reference to the local government and helps to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the project.

关键词： Wenzhou Shoal reclamation numerical model tidal characteristics effects

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An effective method for improving the accuracy of Argo objective analysis

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第7期32卷 66-77页

作者： ZHANG Chunling XU Jianping bao xianwen WANG Zhenfeng Institute of Marine Environment Ocean University of China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration State Key Laboratory of Satellite Oceanography Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Marine Hydrologic Meteorological Center Command of Navy East China Sea Fleet

Based on the optimal interpolation objective analysis of the Argo data, improvements are made to the em- pirical formula of a background error covariance matrix widely used in data assimilation and objective anal- ysis systems. Specifically, an estimation of correlation scales that can improve effectively the accuracy of Ar- go objective analysis has been developed. This method can automatically adapt to the gradient change of a variable and is referred to as ＂gradient-dependent correlation scale method＂. Its effect on the Argo objective analysis is verified theoretically with Gaussian pulse and spectrum analysis. The results of one-dimensional simulation experiment show that the gradient-dependent correlation scales can improve the adaptability of the objective analysis system, making it possible for the analysis scheme to fully absorb the shortwave information of observation in areas with larger oceanographic gradients. The new scheme is applied to the Argo data obiective analysis system in the Pacific Ocean. The results are obviously improved.

关键词： gradient-dependent correlation scale background error covariance optimal interpolation,spectrum analysis Argo data

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The assessment of extactable tidal energy and the effect of tidal energy turbine deployment on the hydrodynamics in Zhoushan

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第5期34卷 86-91页

作者： HOU Fang bao xianwen LI Benxia LIU Qianqian National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island

In this study, we construct one 2-dimensional tidal simulation, using an unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM）. In the 2-D model, we simulated the tidal turbines through adding additional bottom drag in the element where the tidal turbines reside. The additional bottom drag was calculated from the relationship of the bottom friction dissipation and the rated rotor efficiency of the tidal energy turbine. This study analyzed the effect of the tidal energy turbine to the hydrodynamic environment, and calculated the amount of the extractable tidal energy resource at the Guishan Hangmen Channel, considering the rotor wake effect.

关键词： extractable tidal energy resource rotor wake effect tidal energy turbine

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Analysis of characteristics and mechanism of current system on the west coast of Guangdong of China in summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第4期24卷 1-9页

作者： bao xianwen HOU Yijun CHEN Changshen CHEN Fei SHI Maochong Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China School of Marine Science and Technology University of Massachusetts USA

On the basis of data of drifting bottles＇ tracks and the current measured in anchored stations, as well as temperature and salinity observed in cruise investigations and coastal stations, ADCP current data and AVHRR surface sea temperature （SST） data on the western coast of Guangdong, synthetic results of analysis showed that the coastal currents in the west of the mouth of the Zhujiang River were mainly westward in summer, which constituted the north branch of cyclonic gyre in the east of the Qiongzhou Straits. Part of its water flowed westward into the Beibu Gulf through the Qiongzhou Straits. The coastal current pattern was not identical with the traditional current system which flowed westward in the Qiongzhou Straits in winter and eastward in summer. The summertime＇s coastal current was always westward, maybe temporarily turning northeast only when the southwest wind was strong. The important characteristics of coastal current on the western coast of Guangdong, in the Qiongzhou Straits and in the north of the Beibu Gulf were analyzed and their mechanisms also were explained.

关键词： coastal current cyclonic gyre the western coast ofGuangdong Qiongzhou Staits Beibu Gulf

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The slanting property of semi-diurnal internal tide propagation in the Pacific Ocean at 1°45′S,156°E

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第4期25卷 143-145页

作者： bao xianwen ZHANG Yijun SUN Li DU Tao FANG Xinhua Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China National Marine Data ＆ Information Service Tianjin 300171 China

By analyzing a data set collected using a moored instrument array and CTD during TOGA-COARE, it is found that there exist remarkable internal tides in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean around 1°45′S, 156°E, whose horizontal wavenumber （wavelength）, vertical wavenumber, h 156° orizontal propagation speed and vertical propagation speed are 3.3×10^-2 km^-1 （210 km）, - 1.6×10^-3m, 2.0 m/s and -3.8 cm/s, respectively, that is, the waveform propagates downwards slantingly. Moreover, the propagating direction rotates statistically clockwise as the depth increases and its cause is unclear.

关键词： internal waves internal tides western equatorial Pacific Ocean TOGA-COARE

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The Impact of Large-Scale Reclamation on Hydro-Dynamic Environment--A Case Study of Xinghua Bay

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第4期15卷 583-592页

作者： YU Jing bao xianwen DING Yang ZHANG Wei ZHOU Lingling College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 P. R. China Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 P. R. China Qingdao Marine Geological Engineering Investigation Institute Qingdao 266071 P. R. China

A hydro-dynamic model is established on basis of MIKE21 FM to simulate the hydro-dynamic characteristics of Xinghua Bay and investigate the influence of reclamation project on the tidal elevation and tidal currents. Tidal elevation data was obtained at the six tide gauge stations around the Xinghua Bay, and another six current stations were established to observe the tidal current velocity and direction. Validation shows that the model-simulated tidal elevation and tidal currents agree well with observations made at different stations. Predictions are made according to the reclamation project proposed in the regional marine planning of Hanjiang Industrial Park around the port in Putian City. The variations of hydro-dynamic factors, such as tide, current velocity and direction and tidal influx are obtained, and the adverse effect of reclamation on marine environment is discussed. It is shown that the tidal level inside the Xinghua Bay during high tide decreases after the reclamation project is completed. The tidal currents during flooding tide generally decrease in the southeast of the reclamation region, with the maximum decreasing amplitude reaching 0.44 m s^(-1). On the other hand, the tidal currents during flooding tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region. The tidal currents during ebb tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region, with the maximum increasing amplitude attaining 0.18 m s^(-1). The results in this paper can give some guidance for the marine environment management and the effective utilization of land in Putian.

关键词：填海工程水动力环境兴化湾海洋环境管理高程数据模型模拟水动力模型水动力特征

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Tidal Effects on the Bottom Thermal Front of North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass near Zhangzi Island in Summer 2009

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第4期18卷 751-760页

作者： XIA Yingying bao xianwen SONG Dehai DING Yang WAN Kai YAN Yuhan Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100 China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Beihai Offshore Engineering Survey Institute State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases (increases) during flood (ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced tempera- ture decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratifica- tion during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fort- nightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.

关键词： tidal effect North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass temperature variation Zhangzi Island thermal front

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Climate Projections of Spatial Variations in Coastal Storm Surges Along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S.East Coast

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第1期16卷 1-7页

作者： YAO Zhigang XUE Zuo HE Ruoying bao xianwen XIE Jun GE Qian Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge 70803USA Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge 70803USA Coastal Studies Institute Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge 70803USA College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012P.R.China

Using statistically downscaled atmospheric forcing, we performed a numerical investigation to evaluate future climate's impact on storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast. The focus is on the impact of climatic changes in wind pattern and surface pressure while neglecting sea level rise and other factors. We adapted the regional ocean model system(ROMS) to the study region with a mesh grid size of 7–10 km in horizontal and 18 vertical layers. The model was validated by a hindcast of the coastal sea levels in the winter of 2008. Model's robustness was confirmed by the good agreement between model-simulated and observed sea levels at 37 tidal gages. Two 10-year forecasts, one for the IPCC Pre-Industry(PI) and the other for the A1 FI scenario, were conducted. The differences in model-simulated surge heights under the two climate scenarios were analyzed. We identified three types of responses in extreme surge heights to future climate: a clear decrease in Middle Atlantic Bight, an increase in the western Gulf of Mexico, and non-significant response for the remaining area. Such spatial pattern is also consistent with previous projections of sea surface winds and ocean wave heights.

关键词： storm surge sea surface winds climate change regional ocean

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Statistical Downscaling of IPCC Sea Surface Wind and Wind Energy Predictions for U.S. East Coastal Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第4期15卷 577-582页

作者： YAO Zhigang XUE Zuo HE Ruoying bao xianwen SONG Jun Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 P. R. China Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 USA National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171 P. R. China

A multivariate statistical downscaling method is developed to produce regional, high-resolution, coastal surface wind fields based on the IPCC global model predictions for the U.S. east coastal ocean, the Gulf of Mexico(GOM), and the Caribbean Sea. The statistical relationship is built upon linear regressions between the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) spaces of a cross- calibrated, multi-platform, multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity dataset(predictand) and the global NCEP wind reanalysis(predictor) over a 10 year period from 2000 to 2009. The statistical relationship is validated before applications and its effectiveness is confirmed by the good agreement between downscaled wind fields based on the NCEP reanalysis and in-situ surface wind measured at 16 National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) buoys in the U.S. east coastal ocean and the GOM during 1992–1999. The predictand-predictor relationship is applied to IPCC GFDL model output(2.0?×2.5?) of downscaled coastal wind at 0.25?×0.25? resolution. The temporal and spatial variability of future predicted wind speeds and wind energy potential over the study region are further quantified. It is shown that wind speed and power would significantly be reduced in the high CO_2 climate scenario offshore of the mid-Atlantic and northeast U.S., with the speed falling to one quarter of its original value.

关键词：美国东海岸模型预测海面风场 IPCC 加勒比海墨西哥湾多元统计降尺度

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