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Man-environment interaction and its impact since ca. 3600 years BP in West Bengal, India: A multiproxy approach

科学通报 2013年第S1期58卷 9-28页

作者： GHOSH Ruby BERA Subir banerjee manju Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Centre of Advanced Study Palaeobotany-Palynology LaboratoryDepartment of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta

Climatic variability during the Holocene and corresponding anthropogenic response have gained considerable attention in different parts of India, but surprisingly very little is known on climate-human interrelationship from eastern India especially from the Gangetic plains of West Bengal. As climate has played significant role behind the collapse of many of the ancient human civilizations hence, to explore the reason behind the abandonment of any archaeological site, understanding of the climate of the contemporaneous past is a prerequisite. Agricultural development, subsistence strategies and dynamic behavior of climate in the Lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal since ca. 3600 cal a BP(Chalcolithic period) and post-Chalcolithic period(ca. 2350–2120 cal a BP to recent) were explored using multiproxy approach including plant-animal macro remains, wood charcoals and pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs from an archaeological site at Pakhanna, district Bankura in West Bengal, India. Evidences from palynological and phytolith data suggest that a warm-moist tropical climate during ca. 3600 cal a BP supported the spread of a village farming community in this part of lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal who practiced double-cropping as evidenced by the recovery of cereals(rice) and pulses(black gram) from the cultural deposits of Chalcolithic and Early Historic periods. In addition, a plenty of animal remains(opercula of carp fishes, fragments of plastron of Indian Soft Shelled Turtle, Indian Flap Shelled Turtle, ramus of mandible with teeth of Indian Boar) from similar cultural deposits indicate their probable inclusion in dietary list. The climate started changing during the onset of Early Historic period ca. 2350 cal a BP as revealed by pollen and phytolith proxies and became warmer and drier than that in earlier phase which is continuing till recent. The observations of palynological and phytolith data were also corroborated by the results of correspondence analysis(CA)

关键词： Archaeobiology dynamic environment human settlement Late Quaternary West Bengal India

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Plant Remains from an Archaeological Site as Indicators of Vegetation and Agricultural Practice Between(3 320±400) and(2 080±80) yr BP in Gangetic West Bengal,India

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第6期48卷 628-641页

作者： Ruby Ghosh Subir Bera Ashalata D'Rozario manju banerjee Supriyo Chakraborty Department of Botany University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular RoadKolkata 700019India Narasinha Dutt College 129 Bellilious Road Howrah 711101India Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India

Diverse plant remains recovered from an archaeological site of Chslcollthlc-Early Historic age in the Bhalrabdanga area of Pakhanna （latitude 23°25′N, longitude 87°23′E）, situated on the west bank of the Damodar river, Bankura district, West Bengal, India, include food grains, wood charcoals, and palynomorphs. Radiocarbon dating of the recovered biological remains reveal the age of the site as （3 320 ± 400） to （2 080± 80） yr BP. The food grains were Identified as Oryza sativa L. and Vigna mungo L, and seeds of Brassica cf. campestris L. were also found; these indicate the agricultural practice and food habits of the ancient people living at Pakhanna from the Chalcolithlc to the Early Historic period. Sediments Including plant remains have been broadly divided into two zones, considering archaeological findings and radiocarbon dating. Analysis of the plant remains （I.e, wood charcoals and palynomorphs） in addition to cultivated food grains has revealed that a rich vegetation cover existed in this area, with a prevailing tropical and humid climate, comprising the timber-yielding plants Shores sp., Terminalia sp., and Tamarindus sp., with undergrowths of diverse shrubs and herbs during the Chalcolithic period （zone I） dated （3 320 ± 400） yr BP. Comparatively poorer representation and frequency of plant remains Indicate a drier climate during the Early Historic period （zone Ⅱ） dated as （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. Comparisons of the archaeobotanical data recovered from the Chalcollthic and Early Historic period and also a principle components analysis Indicate a change In the climate of the area from tropical and humid at （3 320 ± 400） yr BP to tropical and drier conditions at （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. The present-day tropical, dry deciduous vegetation of the area suggests that climate change has occurred in the area since the contemporaneous past. The plant remains database has been utilized to reconstruct the settlement pattern of the community livi

关键词： agriculture archaeological site culture, India Pakhanna, plant remains vegetation West Bengal.

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Holocene Biostratigraphic Zones Corresponding Litho-Chronostratigraphy, Environment of Deposition and Successive Changes in the Geomorphology of Bengal Basin, India during Last 10,000 Years

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第4期7卷 615-629页

作者： Prasanta Kumar Sen manju banerjee Department of Botany Bankim Sardar College South 24 Parganas West Bengal India Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata India

Biostratigraphic Zones Bb. Bz. H. I-V distinguished in C14 dated Peat, peaty clay sediments above arid, Barren zone have identified distinct environment of deposition as fresh water mixed brackish water to shallow marine to brackish water mangrove swamp, brackish water mixed fresh water swamp followed by colonization of non-littoral species to fresh water swamp during Holocene in the Bengal basin, India in chronological succession. The successive phases of depositional environment have identified the events of sea level rise, marine transgression and sea ward movement of the sea. The unique database has explored successive changes in the geomorphology of South Bengal from upland dry to marine deltaic environment to fresh water upland condition.

关键词： Holocene Biostratigraphy Flandrian Transgression Geomorphology Bengal Basin

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