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Intelligent Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Scheme for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2022年第6期39卷 603-613页

作者： baig mohsin ayub ZHANG Yihong YE Xiaoxian SULTANA Umbrin AKBAR Sunila LI Shuai AHMAD Sohail College of Information Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile&Fashion Technology Ministry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China School of Art and Design Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Department of Electrical Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi 75270Pakistan

The dynamic behavior,rapid mobility,abrupt changes in network topology,and numerous other flying constraints in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks make the design of a routing protocol a challenging *** data routing for communication between UAVs faces numerous challenges,such as low link quality,data loss,and routing path *** work proposes greedy perimeter stateless routing(GPSR)based design and implementation of a new adaptive communication routing protocol technique for UAVs,allowing multiple UAVs to communicate more effectively with each other in a *** imitation of the real environment is accomplished by considering UAVs’three-dimensional(3D)mobility in the *** performance of the proposed intelligent greedy perimeter stateless routing(IGPSR)scheme has been evaluated based on end-to-end(E2E)delay,network throughput,and data loss *** adapted scheme displayed on average 40%better *** scenario has been implemented holistically on the network simulator software NS-3.

关键词： flying ad-hoc network(FANET) vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET) unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) greedy perimeter stateless routing(GPSR) intelligent greedy perimeter stateless routing(IGPSR)

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Laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 417-422页

作者： M.A.baig mohsin Mir Shazad Murtaza Zafar I. Bhatti Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & Engineering Rawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes, paint pigments, manufacturing units etc. Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+) forms. The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life, whereas Cr 3+ is however comparatively less toxic. This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industrial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation. The study was conducted in four phases. In phase Ⅰ, the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected. As a result, pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively. Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta bisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100 % efficiency in reducing Cr 6+ to Cr 3+, and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process. A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents. Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr 3+ to chromium hydroxide by using lime. An efficiency of 100 % was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent. Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries, when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100 % efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.

关键词： tannery waste effluents reduction precipitation efficiency chromium

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