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Overlooked contribution of the biological pump to the Pacific Arctic nitrogen deficit

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1477-1489页

作者： Hongliang LI Jianfang CHEN Diana RUIZ-PINO Jingjing ZHANG Haiyan JIN Yanpei ZHUANG youcheng bai Jian REN Yangjie LI Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Hangzhou310012China Sorbonne Universités(UPMC UniversitéParis 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHNLOCEAN Laboratory4 Place JussieuParisF-75005France Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519080China Polar and Marine Research Institute Jimei UniversityXiamen361021China

The nutrient-rich Pacific Ocean seawater that flows through the Bering Strait into the Chukchi Sea is generally considered to be the most important source of nutrients to the Arctic euphotic *** inflow is characterized by nitrogen deficit and low nitrate/phosphate(N/P)ratios;this is ascribed to sedimentary denitrification on the Chukchi shelf by preoccupant ***,the Chukchi Sea also has high primary production,which raises the question of whether the biological pump may also significantly modulate nutrient properties of the ***,we show that nitrate concentrations of the Pacific inflow gradually decrease northward in association with notable biological *** phytoplankton N/P uptake ratio was 8.8±2.27,higher than the N/P ratio of Pacific inflow water(5-6).This uptake ratio,in combination with efficient vertical nitrogen export,serves to preferentially remove nitrogen(relative to phosphorus)from upper waters,thereby further intensifying the Arctic nitrogen ***,as large as about 111.7×10^(9)mol N yr^(−1)of nitrate was extra consumed,according to the real N/P uptake ratio rather than the ratio of the Pacific inflow,which may be as great as half the nitrogen loss ascribed to sedimentary *** findings suggest that besides sedimentary denitrification,biological disproportionate utilization of nutrients in the Chukchi Sea upper water is another important contributor to the nitrogen limitation and excess phosphorus in the upper Arctic *** the rapid Arctic change era,the predicted reinforced biological carbon pump could further impact the nutrient dynamics and biogeochemical process of the Arctic Ocean.

关键词： Nitrogen deficit Biological pump Nutrient Sinking particles Arctic Ocean

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Variability of size-fractionated chlorophyll a in the high-latitude Arctic Ocean in summer 2020

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Advances in Polar Science 2022年第3期33卷 253-266页

作者： CAI Ting HAO Qiang bai youcheng LAN Musheng HE Jianfeng CHEN Jianfang Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Polar Science MNRPolar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China

The size structure of phytoplankton has considerable effects on the energy flow and nutrient cycling in themarine ecosystem,and thus is important to marine food web and biological ***,its dynamics in the high-latitude Arctic Ocean,particularly ice-covered areas,remain poorly *** investigated size-fractionated chlorophyll a(Chl a)and related environmental parameters in the highly ice-covered Arctic Ocean during the summer of 2020,and analyzed the relationship between Chl adistribution and water mass through cluster *** showed that inorganic nutrients were typically depleted in the upper layer of the Canada Basin region,and that phytoplankton biomass was extremely low(mean=0.05±0.18 mg·m^(−3))in the near-surface layer(upper 25 m).More than 80%of Chl a values were<0.1 mg·m^(−3) in the water column(0-200 m),but high values appeared at the ice edge or in corresponding ice areas on the ***,the mean contribution of both nanoplankton(2-20μm)(41%)and picoplankton(<2μm)(40%)was significantly higher than that of microplankton(20-200μm)(19%).Notably,the typical subsurface chlorophyll maximum(0.1 mg·m^(−3))was found north of 80°N,where the concentration of sea ice reached approximately 100%.The Chl aprofile results showed that the deep chlorophyll maximum of total-,micro-,nano-,and picoplankton was located at depth of 40,39,41,and 38 m,respectively,indicating that nutrients are the primary factor limiting phytoplankton growth in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean during *** phenomena suggest that,despite the previous literatures pointing to significant light limitation under the Arctic ice,the primary limiting factor for phytoplankton in summer is still nutrient.

关键词： phytoplankton size-fractionated chlorophyll a sea ice Arctic Ocean

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Sources and degradation of organic matter in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea:insights from amino acids

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第11期42卷 9-18页

作者： Weiwei Li Zhongqiao Li Zhuoyi Zhu Alexander Polukhin youcheng bai Yang Zhang Futao Fang Haiyan Jin Anatolii S.Astakhov Xuefa Shi Jianfang Chen Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogechemistry Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences School of OceanographyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 201209China Laboratory of Biohydrochemistry Shirshov Institute of OceanologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 117997Russia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690012Russia Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

In the context of global warming and rapid environment change in the Arctic,the supply of organic matter(OM)has increased significantly and a large amount of OM are buried on the Arctic *** the fate of OM in Arctic shelf sediments is crucial to understanding the global carbon *** a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean,the Chukchi Sea is one of the most critical areas where OM is *** on the surface sediment samples collected during the sixth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2014 and the SinoRussian joint Arctic Research Expedition in the summer of 2016,this study takes amino acids(AAs)as the primary tool to explore the source and degradation of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi *** study shows that total hydrolyzable amino acid(THAA)concentrations(dry weight)are high,with a mean value of(32.7±15.8)μmol/*** spatial distribution is related to primary productivity,hydrodynamic conditions,sediment properties and other *** source of OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by diatom-dominated marine productivity,with some input from terrestrial ***,as the main source of the D-enantiomer of AA(D-AA),not only have transforming effect on OM,but their cell walls and remnants likewise supply the OM *** on a series of diagenetic indicators,we conclude that the OM in the surface sediments of the Chukchi Sea has undergone extensive degradation[DI(degradation index)=-0.59±0.44],and the degradation degree in the slope is higher than that in the *** study uses AA to explore the sources and degradation of OM in the sediments of the Chukchi Sea,which facilitates our understanding of OM transport and transformation on the Arctic shelf.

关键词： Chukchi Sea amino acids degradation indicator organic matter

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Variations in organic carbon loading of surface sediments from the shelf to the slope of the Chukchi Sea,Arctic Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 131-136页

作者： LI Zhongqiao WANG Xinyi JIN Haiyan JI Zhongqiang bai youcheng CHEN Jianfang Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Environment Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China

The content of organic carbon （OC） normalized to the specific surface area （SSA） of sediment is widely used to trace variations in OC loading （OC/SSA）. This study presents observations of OC/SSA of surface sediments collected in the Chukchi Sea, a typical Arctic marginal sea. Shelf sediments exhibit much higher OC/SSA values than slope sediments in the study area. Compared with OC/SSA values reported from the East Siberian Shelf and Mackenzie River, the slope sediments possess lower OC loading. This abrupt decrease in OC/SSA is mostly related to the lower primary production on slope as well as possible oxidization processes. The results of linear regression analysis between OC and SSA indicate a sedimentary source rock for the OC in the Chukchi Sea sediments. Moreover, shelf sediments with low SSA possess a larger rock OC fraction than slope sediments do. The dataset of the present study enables a more thorough understanding of regional OC cycling in the Chukchi Sea.

关键词： Chukchi Sea Arctic surface sediments organic carbon loading carbon cycle

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Comparison of Phytoplankton Communities Between Melt Ponds and Open Water in the Central Arctic Ocean

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第3期18卷 573-579页

作者： ZHANG Tianzhen ZHUANG Yanpei JIN Haiyan LI Ke JI Zhongqiang LI Yangjie bai youcheng Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China

Climate warming has a significant impact on the sea ice and ecosystem of the Arctic *** the increasing numbers of melt ponds in Arctic sea ice,the phytoplankton communities associated with the ice system are *** the 7th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise in summer 2016,photosynthesis pigments and nutrients were analyzed,revealing differences in phytoplankton communities between melt ponds and open water in the central *** pigment analysis suggested that Fuco(5-91μg m^-3)and Diadino(4-21μg m^-3)were the main pigments in the open ***,the melt ponds had high concentrations of Viola(7-30μg m^-3),Lut(4-59μg m^-3)and Chl b(11-38μg m^-3),suggesting that green algae dominated phytoplankton communities in the melt *** significant differences in phytoplankton communities between melt ponds and open water might be due to the salinity ***,green algae may play a more important role in Arctic sea ice ecosystems with the expected growing number of melt ponds in the central Arctic Ocean.

关键词： the central Arctic Ocean melt ponds photosynthesis pigments nutrients phytoplankton communities

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Vertical distribution of nutrient tracers in the western Arctic Ocean and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical processes

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第9期39卷 109-114页

作者： Yanpei Zhuang Hongliang Li Haiyan Jin Shengquan Gao Jianfang Chen Yangjie Li youcheng bai Zhongqiang Ji Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

During the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise in the summer of 2008,nutrients(NO3^-,NO2^-,SiO3^2-,and PO4^3-)and dissolved oxygen were measured in the western Arctic Ocean,to derive the vertical distribution of nutrient tracers and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical *** nutrient data show that surface waters had the lowest NO3^-/PO4^3-(mean of 0.5)and SiO3^2-/PO3^-(mean of 2.8)values in the water column,suggesting an excess of *** Bering Shelf water(wBSW)had high Si^*(16.7μmol/L;Si^*=[Si(OH)4]–[NO3^-])with negative N^*(−11.7μmol/L;N^*=[PO4^3-]−16[PO4^3-]+3.5μmol/L)in the water column,indicating nitrate *** warm Atlantic layer had positive N^*(0.8μmol/L)and negative Si^*(−5.4μmol/L)compared with Pacific source *** vertical distribution of nutrients indicates that wBSW can be characterized by N^* minimum and Si^* *** contrast,minima of Si^* and SiO3^2-/PO4^3- below 200 m indicate the distribution of Atlantic warm water.

关键词： nutrients N^* Si^* Canada Basin Arctic Ocean

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Distribution and Sources of Organic Matter in Surface Sediments of the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas by Using Bulk and Tetraether Proxies

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第3期18卷 563-572页

作者： JI Zhongqiang JIN Haiyan STEIN Ruediger LI Zhongqiao bai youcheng LI Hongliang ZHANG Yang CHEN Jianfang Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic Administration Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Hangzhou 310012 China Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven 27568 Germany

The organic matter (OM) preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments is of great importance to the global carbon budget. How-ever, works that apply multiple proxies to determine the distribution and concentration of organic carbon (OC) in the surface sedi-ments of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas remain limited. Here a multiproxy approach based on bulk OM parameters and the branched vs. isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index was used to investigate the distribution and sources of OM in the surface sediments of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. Binary and ternary mixing models were applied to trace the contribution of different OC sources to the total OC in the study area. The δ13C values of the sediments provided by the binary model showed that the proportion of terrestrial OC fell in the range of 27.4%–79.8% (46.2% on average). The BIT index returned the lowest fraction (4.8%–27.3%, 12.0% on average). The ternary mixing model was employed to determine the plant-, soil-, and marine-derived fractions of the total OM. The ternary model showed that 11.5%±6.3%, 31.4%±9.5%, and 57.1%±12.4% of OM in the sediment of the study area was derived from soil, plants, and marine sources, respectively. The differences in OM composition between the west and east sides of the Chukchi Sea were controlled by OM inputs from key water masses (i.e., Anadyr Water and Alaska Coastal Water), river discharge, and the nutrient supply from the Pacific inflow that supports marine productivity.

关键词： northern Bering Sea Chukchi Sea organic matter GDGTs bulk parameters

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Composition of algal pigments in surface freshen layer after ice melt in the central Arctic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 122-130页

作者： ZHUANG Yanpei JIN Haiyan GU Fan ZHANG Yang bai youcheng JI Zhongqiang LU Yong CHEN lianfang Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China

Seasonal meltwater input creates a thin freshen layer in surface seawater under ice, which largely shifts the algae assemblages. Our recent observation of photosynthetic pigments in the high Arctic showed that ice bottom and 5 m of seawater under ice contained relatively high concentration of fucoxanthin, while chlorophyll b and lutein were the major diagnostic pigments in ice-water interface and 0 m of seawater under ice. Additionally, a notable change of dominant phytoplankton occurred in the top 5 m of seawater under ice, from chlorophytes-dominated at surface to diatoms-dominated at 5 m depth, which might attribute to the sharp salinity gradient （salinity from 12.5 to 28.1） in the surface seawater under ice. Our results imply that phytoplankton community in surface layer under ice would become more chlorophytes in the future warming Arctic Ocean.

关键词： the Arctic Ocean seawater under ice pigments nutrients phytoplankton community

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Phytoplankton composition and its ecological effect in subsurface cold pool of the northern Bering Sea in summer as revealed by HPLC derived pigment signatures

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第6期33卷 103-111页

作者： ZHUANG Yanpei JIN Haiyan LI Hongliang CHEN Jianfang WANG Bin CHEN Fajin bai youcheng LU Yong TIAN Shichao Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University

CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin （Fuco） and chlorophyll a （Chl a） were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribu- tion to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Dia- toms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.

关键词： pigment phytoplankton community structure CHEMTAX northern Bering Sea shelf subsurface cold pool

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A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 1-14页

作者： Jianxun ZHANG Jinwen bai State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

关键词： metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) free inversion load-carrying capacity energy absorption

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