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Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第3期6卷 178-190页

作者： Y.Kato b.s.liew A.A.sufianov L.Rasulic K.I.Arnautovic V.H.Dong I.s.Florian F.Olldashi Y.Makhambetov b.Isam M.Thu Ts.Enkhbayar N.Kumarasinghe A.H.bajama s.Nair s.sharif M.R.sharma J.A.Landeiro C.G.Yampolsky N.M.F.El-Ghandour A.M.Hossain s.sim s.Chemate Hira burhan L.Feng H.Andrade Isabelle M.Germano Department of Neurosurgery Fujita Health University Bantane HospitalNagoyaJapan Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Sungai BulohSungai BulohSelangorMalaysia Federal state-Financed Institution“Federal Centre of Neurosurgery”of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation TyumenRussia I.M.sechenov First Moscow state Medical University MoscowRussia Faculty of Medicine University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery University of TennesseeMemphisTNUSA Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc university hospital HanoiVietnam Department of Neurosurgery University of Medicine and Pharmacy“Iuliu Hatieganu”Cluj-NapocaCluj CountyRomania Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of TraumaTiranaAlbania National Center of Neurosurgery AstanaKazakhstan Neurosurgical Centre Yangon General HospitalYangoonMyanmar Mongolian Neurosurgical society UlaabaatarMongolia National Hospital of sri Lanka ColomboSri Lanka Department of Neurosurgery Dr Soetomo General HospitalAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramIndia Institute of Postgraduate studies and Medical sciences Liaquat National Hospital&Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan Department of Neurosurgery TU Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal Department of Neurosurgery Universidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiBrazil Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineCairo University81 Nasr RoadNasr CityCairoEgypt bangladesh society of Neurosurgeons DhakaBangladesh Khema Clinic 18 StreetPhnom Penh 528Cambodia DNb Neurosurgery Apollo HospitalChennaiIndia Institute of Neurosciences Nobel Medical College and Teaching HospitalBiratnagarNepal China International Neuroscience Institute BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery University Medicine MannheimMannheimGermany Icahn school of Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalNew York CityUSA

Globally,the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably *** being one of the latest medical specialties,which appeared only around hundred years ago,it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods,macro and micro surgical techniques,and treatment ***,this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing *** same is the case with neurosurgical education and training,which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured,competencebased programs with various teaching methods being utilized,in recent times.A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical ***,most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical *** context to this understanding,a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological surgeons(WFNs)special World Congress beijing *** symposium was the brain child of *** Kato-one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female *** speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective *** paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations,with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.

关键词： Global neurosurgical education Developing countries

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Unique and conserved features of floral evocation in legumes

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2014年第8期56卷 714-728页

作者： Lim Chee liew Mohan b. singh Prem L. bhalla Plant Molecular biology and biotechnology Laboratory Melbourne School of Land and Environment University of Melbourne

Legumes, with their unique ability to fix atmo- spheric nitrogen, play a vital role in ensuring future food security and mitigating the effects of climate change because they use less fossil energy and produce less greenhouse gases compared with N-fertilized systems. Grain legumes are second only to cereal crops as a source of human and animal food, and they contribute approximately one third of the protein consumed by the human population. The productivityof seed crops, such as grain legumes, is dependent on flowering. Despite the genetic variation and importance of flowering in legume production, studies of the molecular pathways that control flowering in legumes are limited. Recent advances in genomics have revealed that legume flowering pathways are divergent from those of such model species as Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we discuss the current understanding of flowering time regulation in legumes and highlight the unique and conserved features of floral evocation in legumes.

关键词： Flowering legume soybean

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3s)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNs)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNs’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

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Journal of bioresources and bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： Charles Michael Albert Kang Chiang liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating surface charring bio-based fire retardant Densification

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The recent progress of functionally graded CNT reinforced composites and structures

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第3期63卷 8-24页

作者： Kim Meow liew Zhouzhou Pan Lu-Wen Zhang Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

In the last decade,the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites(FG-CNTRCs)have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent mechanical properties,and the structures made of FG-CNTRCs have found broad potential applications in aerospace,civil and ocean engineering,automotive industry,and smart *** we review the literature regarding the mechanical analysis of bulk CNTR nanocomposites and FG-CNTRC structures,aiming to provide a clear picture of the mechanical modeling and properties of FG-CNTRCs as well as their composite *** review is organized as follows:(1)a brief introduction to the functionally graded materials(FGM),CNTRCs and FG-CNTRCs;(2)a literature review of the mechanical modeling methodologies and properties of bulk CNTRCs;(3)a detailed discussion on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRCs;and(4)conclusions together with a suggestion of future research trends.

关键词： functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite modeling methodology mechanical properties beam plate shell

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Revisiting cerebral endothelial cells in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2911-2912页

作者： Amira s.Hanafy Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slow and progressive decline of cognitive and memory *** only approximately 5%of the cases,AD is familial,as often predisposed by genetic mutations(Hoogmartens et al.,2021),while sporadic AD accounts for approximately 95%of the *** amyloid cascade hypothesis is one of the fundamental hypotheses put out to explain AD pathogenesis as dysregulated homeostasis of amyloid-β(Aβ)peptides that leads to the accumulation of Aβplaques in the parenchyma,an anatomical hallmark of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ cerebral

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A systematic review of progenitor survival and maturation in Parkinsonian models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3172-3178页

作者： Giulia Comini Eilís Dowd Pharmacology&Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Center University of GalwayGalwayIreland

stem cell-based brain repair is a promising emergent therapy for Parkinson's disease based on years of foundational research using human fetal donors as a cell *** current therapeutic options for patients,this approach has the potential to provide longterm stem cell–derived reconstruction and restoration of the dopaminergic input to denervated regions of the brain allowing for restoration of certain functions to *** ultimate clinical success of stem cell–derived brain repair will depend on both the safety and efficacy of the approach and the latter is dependent on the ability of the transplanted cells to survive and differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinsonian *** the pre-clinical literature suggests that there is considerable variability in survival and differentiation between studies,the aim of this systematic review was to assess these parameters in human stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor transplant studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease.A defined systematic search of the PubMed database was completed to identify relevant studies published up to March *** screening,76 articles were included in the analysis from which 178 separate transplant studies were *** these,graft survival could be assessed in 52 studies and differentiation in 129 ***,we found that graft survival ranged froms transplanted,with a median of 51%of transplanted cells surviving in the brain;while dopaminergic differentiation of the cells ranged from 0% to 46% of cells transplanted with a median of 3%.This systematic review suggests that there is considerable scope for improvement in the differentiation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors to maximize the therapeutic potential of this approach for patients.

关键词： cell replacement therapy differentiation embryonic stem cells graft induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease survival transplant

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Cobalt catalysts supported on silica nanotubes for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

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science China Chemistry 2012年第1期55卷 145-150页

作者： TANG HuoQiang liew KongYong LI JinLin Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials science of the state Ethnic Affairs Commission&Ministry of Education South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhan 430074 China Faculty of Industrial science and Technology Universiti Malaysia PahangKuantan 26300Malaysia

silica nanotubes(sNT) have been synthesized using carbon nanotubes(CNT) as a ***-coated carbon nanotubes(sNT-CNT) and sNT were loaded with a cobalt catalyst for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTs).The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by N2 physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),hydrogen temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).FTs performance was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at 493 K and 1.0 ***/CNT and Co/sNT catalysts showed higher activity than Co/sNT-CNT in FTs because of the smaller cobalt particle size,higher dispersion and stronger *** results also showed that structure of the support affects the product selectivity in *** synergistic effects of cobalt particle size,catalytic activity and diffusion limitations as a consequence of its small average pore size lead to medium selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons and CH4 over Co/*** the other hand,the Co/CNT showed higher CH4 selectivity and lower C5+ selectivity than Co/sNT,due to its smaller average pore size and cobalt particle size.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis cobalt catalyst activity selectivity silica nanotubes

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VR industrial applications―A singapore perspective

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2020年第5期2卷 409-420页

作者： Athirah sYAMIMI Yiwei GONG Ryan liew VRcollab Pte.Ltd. 75 Ayer Rajah Crescent139953 Singapore

Virtual Reality(VR)has been around for a long time but has come into the spotlight only *** an industrial perspective,this article serves as a proverbial scalpel to dissect the different use cases and commercial applications of VR in *** researching the singapore market,we examine how VR has *** the moment,the global annual budget for VR(and augmented reality)is at an upward trend with a leading growth in market value for the training *** in singapore has also seen a rapid development in recent *** discuss some of the singapore government's initiatives to promote the commercial adoption of VR for the digital economy of the *** address the mass adoption of VR,we present VRcollab's business solutions for the construction and building industry.2020 is one of the most important years for VR in history.

关键词： Virtual reality VR applications building information modeling

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Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain injury with advanced microsystems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： Anthony Procès sylvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&biomaterials Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced microsystems in traumatic brain injury research:Traumatic brain injury(TbI)results from a mechanical insult to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and subsequently causing a secondary *** minutes ... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic injury damage

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