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Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez Chad b.Paulk Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(Pby reducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Pboth pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

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Protein glycation:a wolf in sweet sheep’s clothing behind neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 975-976页

作者： Ana b.Uceda Francisco Leal-Pérez Miquel Adrover Institut Universitari d’Investigacióen Ciències de la Salut(IUNICS) Institut d’InvestigacióSanitària Illes balears(IdISba) Departament de Química Universitat de les Illes BalearsCtraPalma de MallorcaSpain

At the beginning of the 16th century,Paracelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the poison”.This principle can be applied to all living organisms,including organs and *** brain and its glial and neuronal cells are ... 详细信息

关键词： organs sheep sweet

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Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1835-1844页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ayrton bangolo Vignesh k Nagesh Htat Aung Midhun Mathew Lino Garcia Shiva A Chandar Praveena karamthoti Harinder bawa Aseel Alshimari Yabets kejela Nazish Mehdi Chrishanti A Joseph Athri kodali Rohan kumar Priya Goyal Sanya Satheesha Fnu Nivedita Nicole Tesoro Tanni Sethi Gurpreet Singh Areej belal Alina Intisar Hirra khalid Samuel Cornwell Suchith b Suresh kareem Ahmed karabo k Marole Om P Anand Rahat b Reshi Tej I Mehta Sameh Elias Joseph D Feuerstein Department of Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

bACkGROUND Data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)remains *** To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in *** A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1,2020,to identify all full text,randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with *** included continent based demographic data,CD surgery rates over time,as well as the geoepidemiologic variation in CD surgery *** analyses were conducted using *** Twenty-three studies spanning four continents were *** median proportion of persons with CD who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in studies from North America,Europe,Asia,and Oceania were 30%(range:1.7%-62.0%),40%(range:0.6%-74.0%),17%(range:16.0%-43.0%),and 38%*** clear association was found regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time in North America(R^(2)=0.035)and Europe(R^(2)=0.100).A moderate,negative association was seen regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time(R^(2)=0.520)in *** There appears to be significant inter-continental variation regarding surgery rates in *** evidencebased guidelines accounting for the geographic differences in managing patients with CD is ***,as a paucity of data on surgery rates in CD exists outside the North American and European continents,future studies,particularly in less studied locales,are warranted.

关键词： Gastrointestinal surgery Crohn’s disease Geoepidemiology Inflammatory bowel disease Prevalence

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New indices to balanceα-diversity against tree size inequality

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 229-237页

作者： Li Zhang brady k.Quinn Cang Hui Meng Lian Johan Gielis Jie Gao Peijian Shi College of Ecology and Environment Bamboo Research InstituteNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Fisheries and Oceans Canada Andrews Biological Station125 Marine Science DriveSt.AndrewsNB E5B 0E4Canada Department of Mathematical Sciences Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland 7602South Africa Mathematical and Physical biosciences African Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape Town 7945South Africa Department of biosciences Engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium College of Life Science Xinjiang Normal University102 Xinyi RoadUrumqi 830054People’s Republic of China

The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem ***,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity *** TSI in the diameter at breast height(DbH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size *** generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DbH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per *** also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation *** generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DbH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)beingbetween each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the ***,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the *** means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies ***,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of *** study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.

关键词： Diameter at breast height(DbH) Gini index Shannon-Wiener index Simpson’s index Quadrat Tree size

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Effects of small molecules on neurogenesis:Neuronal proliferation and differentiation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第1期14卷 20-37页

作者： Michałk Jastrze˛bski Piotr Wo´jcik Piotr Ste˛pnicki Agnieszka A.kaczor Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory Medical University of LublinFaculty of PharmacyLublin PL-20093Poland School of Pharmacy University of Eastern FinlandKuopio FI-70211Finland

Neurons are believed to be non-proliferating ***,neuronal stem cells are still present in certain areas of the adult brain,although their proliferation diminishes with *** as with other cells,their proliferation and differentiation are modulated by various *** mechanisms are foundational to the strategies developed to induce neuronal proliferation and differentiation,with potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative *** most common among these diseases are Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease,associated with the formation ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)aggregates which cause a reduction in the number of *** such as LiCl,4-aminothiazoles,Pregnenolone,ACEA,harmine,D2AAk1,methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate,and shikonin may induce neuronal proliferation/differentiation through the activation of pathways:MAPk ERk,PI3k/AkT,NFκb,Wnt,bDNF,and ***,combinations of these compounds can potentially transform somatic cells into *** transformation process involves the activation of neuron-specific transcription factors such as NEUROD1,NGN2,ASCL1,and SOX2,which subsequently leads to the transcription of downstream genes,culminating in the transformation of somatic cells into *** diseases are not the only conditions where inducing neuronal proliferation could be ***,the impact of pro-proliferative compounds on neurons has also been researched in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Neurogenesis Proliferation Differentiation Maturation Small-molecules Drug coctail Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease

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Photon orbits and phase transition for Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 247-259页

作者： Ashima Sood Md Sabir Ali J.k.Singh Sushant G.Ghosh Department of Mathematics Netaji Subhas University of TechnologyNew Delhi-110078India Centre for Theoretical Physics Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Department of Physics Mahishadal Raj CollegePurba MedinipurWest Bengal721628India Institute of Theoretical Physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics&key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban 4000South Africa

We obtain an exact solution for spherically symmetric Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter(PFDM).Considering the cosmological constant as the positive pressure of the system and volume as its conjugate variable,we analyze the thermodynamics of our black holes in the extended phase *** to the background clouds of strings parameter(a)and the parameter endowed with PFDM(β),we analyze the Hawking temperature,entropy,and specific ***,we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and phase transition for the Letelier AdS black holes immersed in *** the analysis,with a particular condition,non-monotonic behaviors are found between the photon sphere radius,impact parameter,PFDM parameter,temperature,and *** can regard the changes in both the photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition as the order parameter;their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value,1/2,similar to that in ordinary thermal *** indicates that a universal relation of gravity may exist near the critical point for a black hole thermodynamic system.

关键词： AdS black holes perfect fluid dark matter Letelier spacetime photon orbit extended phase space thermodynamics correlation of photon orbit and thermodynamics

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Dynamical behaviors of a constant prey refuge ratio-dependent prey-predator model with Allee and fear effects

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International Journal of biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 227-250页

作者： Soumitra Pal Pijush Panday Nikhil Pal A.k.Misra Joydev Chattopadhyays Department of Mathematics Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005India Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Alberta EdmontonAB T6G 2G1Canada Department of Mathematics Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235India Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 B.T.RoadKolkata 700108India

In this paper,we consider a nonlinear ratio-dependent prey-predator model with constant prey refuge in the prey *** Allee and fear phenomena are incorporated explicitly in the growth rate of the prey *** qualitative behaviors of the proposed model are investigated around the equilibrium points in *** bifurcation including its direction and stability for the model is also *** observe that fear of predation risk can have both stabilizing and destabilizing effects and induces bubbling phenomenon in the *** is also observed that for a fixed strength of fear,an increase in the Allee parameter makes the system unstable,whereas an increase in prey refuge drives the system toward ***,higher values of both the Allee and prey refuge parameters have negative impacts and the populations go to ***,we explore the variation of densities of the populations in different bi-parameter spaces,where the coexistence equilibrium point remains *** simulations are carried out to explore the dynamical behaviors of the system with the help of MATLAb software.

关键词： Predator-prey system Allee effect fear effect prey refuge bifurcation population density

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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell Stuart b Goodman Susmita bose W.M.keck biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

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Enumerating Pattern-avoiding Fishburn Permutations Subject to Seven Statistics

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2024年第4期44卷 427-436页

作者： Yujie DU Philip b.ZHANG College of Mathematical Science Tianjin Normal University

Fishburn permutations are in bijection with several important combinatorial structures including interval orders. In this paper, we use the method of generating trees to enumerate two classes of pattern-avoiding Fishburn permutations subject to 7 classical statistics simultaneously. The classes of our interest are(321,312)-avoiding and(321,4123)-avoiding Fishburn permutations. The statistics of our interest are ascents, descents, inversions, right-to-left maxima, right-to-left minima, left-to-right maxima and left-to-right minima. Our results generalize a result by Egge.

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The use of Montgomery salivary bypass tubes and pharyngocutaneous fistula following salvage laryngectomy

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 43-48页

作者： Courtney b.Shires Mackenzie Latour Merry Sebelik karuna Dewan West Cancer Center GermantownTennesseeUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Louisiana State University Health ShreveportShreveportLouisianaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Objectives:Pharyngocutaneous fistula(PCF)is the most common complication to follow total laryngectomy(TL)and is associated with increases in length of hospital stay and with a need for revision surgery or readmission,as well as with delays in return to oral *** who require salvageTL(STL)or primary(chemo)radiation therapy are at higher risk for developing *** to the quality‐of‐life burden of PCF on patients,limiting this occurrence is ***:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing STL with placement of Montgomery salivary bypass tube(MSbT)^(TM)for at least 2 weeks duration between 2013 and 2017 at a single *** patients all underwent free flap *** primary outcome of interest was development of *** outcomes included demographics,previous treatment,base of tongue(bOT)involvement,extent of defect,concurrent neck dissection(ND),and margin ***χ^(2) analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with ***:Forty‐four patients underwent STL with Montgomery tube placement and free flap *** developed PCF(18.2%).The average age was 61.6 years;36 patients were male(81.8%),whereas eight patients were female(18.2%).There was no association between PCF and previous chemoradiation versus radiation(15.8%vs.33.3%,PbOT involvement versus not(11.1 vs.22.2%,PbOT involvement,or positive frozen or permanent surgical margin.

关键词： free flap reconstruction Montgomery pharyngocutaneous fistula salivary bypass tube salvage total laryngectomy total laryngectomy

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