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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

world Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** we used world bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agewe compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

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Efficient Electromagnetic wave Absorption and Thermal Infrared Stealth in PVTMS@MwCNT Nano‑Aerogel via Abundant Nano‑Sized Cavities and Attenuation Interfaces

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 370-383页

作者： Haoyu Ma Maryam Fashandi Zeineb ben Rejeb Xin Ming Yingjun Liu Pengjian Gong Guangxian Li Chul b.park College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University24 Yihuan RoadNanyiduanChengdu 610065SichuanPeople’s Republic of China Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King’s College RoadTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Tengfei Building88 Jiangmiao RoadJiangbei New DistrictNanjing 211800JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for X PolymersZhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Pre-polymerized vinyl trimethoxy silane(PVTMS)@MwCNT nano-aerogel system was constructed via radical polymerization,sol-gel transition and supercritical CO_(2)*** fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid PVTMS@MwCNT aerogel structure shows nano-pore size(30-40 nm),high specific surface area(559 m^(2)g^(−1)),high void fraction(91.7%)and enhanced mechanical property:(1)the nano-pore size is beneficial for efficiently blocking thermal conduction and thermal convection via Knudsen effect(beneficial for infrared(IR)stealth);(2)the heterogeneous interface was beneficial for IR reflection(beneficial for IR stealth)and MwCNT polarization loss(beneficial for electromagnetic wave(EMw)attenuation);(3)the high void fraction was beneficial for enhancing thermal insulation(beneficial for IR stealth)and EMw impedance match(beneficial for EMw attenuation).Guided by the above theoretical design strategy,PVTMS@MwCNT nano-aerogel shows superior EMw absorption property(cover all Ku-band)and thermal IR stealth property(ΔT reached 60.7℃).Followed by a facial combination of the above nano-aerogel with graphene film of high electrical conductivity,an extremely high electromagnetic interference shielding material(66.5 db,2.06 mm thickness)with superior absorption performance of an average absorption-to-reflection(A/R)coefficient ratio of 25.4 and a low reflection bandwidth of 4.1 GHz(A/R ratio more than 10)was experimentally obtained in this work.

关键词： Nano-pore size Heterogeneous interface Electromagnetic wave absorption Thermal infrared stealth Nano-aerogel

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Environmentally adaptive reshaping of plant photomorphogenesis by karrikin and strigolactone signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2024年第5期66卷 865-882页

作者： Young-Joon park bo Eun Nam Chung-Mo park Department of Smart Farm Science Kyung Hee UniversityYongin 17104Korea Departmentof biological Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Coordinated morphogenic adaptation of growing plants is critical for their survival and propagation under fluctuating *** morphogenic responses to light and warm temperatures,termed photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis,respectively,have been extensively studied in recent *** photomorphogenesis,plants actively reshape their growth and developmental patterns to cope with changes in light ***,photomorphogenesis is closely associated with diverse growth hormonal ***,accumulating evidence indicates that light-directed morphogenesis is profoundly affected by two recently identified phytochemicals,karrikins(KARs)and strigolactones(SLs).KARs and SLs are structurally related butenolides acting as signaling molecules during a variety of developmental steps,including seed *** receptors and signaling mediators have been identified,and associated working mechanisms have been explored using gene-deficient mutants in various plant *** particular interest is that the KAR and SL signaling pathways play important roles in environmental responses,among which their linkages with photomorphogenesis are most comprehensively studied during seedling *** this review,we focus on how the phytochemical and light signals converge on the optimization of morphogenic *** also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling crosstalks with an aim of developing potential ways to improve crop productivity under climate changes.

关键词： karrikins morphogenic adaptation photomorphogenesis seedling establishment strigolactones

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An Investigation on Open-RAN Specifications:Use Cases,Security Threats,Requirements,Discussions

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 13-41页

作者： Heejae park Tri-HaiNguyen Laihyuk park Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoul01811Republic of Korea Faculty of Information Technology School of TechnologyVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City70000Vietnam

The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure ***,the Open Radio Access Network(O-RAN)has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in beyond 5G(b5G)and 6G networks.O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional *** disaggregating conventional base band Units(bbUs)into O-RAN Distributed Units(O-DU)and O-RAN Centralized Units(O-CU),O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network ***,this openness introduces new security challenges compared to traditional *** existing studies overlook these security requirements of the O-RAN *** gain deeper insights into the O-RAN system and security,this paper first provides an overview of the general O-RAN architecture and its diverse use cases relevant to b5G and 6G *** then delve into specifications of O-RAN security threats and requirements,aiming to mitigate security vulnerabilities *** providing a comprehensive understanding of O-RAN architecture,use cases,and security considerations,thisworkserves as a valuable resource for future research in O-RAN and its security.

关键词： O-RAN architecture use cases security issues security requirements security discussions

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M1-polarized macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicle-coated lipid nanoparticles for enhanced cancer treatment through hybridization of gene therapy and cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第7期14卷 3169-3183页

作者： Ha Eun Shin Jun-Hyeok Han Seungyong Shin Ga-Hyun bae boram Son Tae-Hyung Kim Hee Ho park Chun Gwon park wooram park Department of Integrative biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)SuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Deparment of Inteligent Precision Healthcare Convergence SKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Department of MetabioHealth SKKU Institute for ConvergenceSKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Department of bioengineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Department of biomedical Engineering SKKUSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST) Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Optimum genetic delivery for modulating target genes to diseased tissue is a major obstacle for profitable gene *** nanoparticles(LNPs),considered a prospective vehicle for nucleic acid delivery,have demonstrated efficacy in human use during the COVID-19 *** study introduces a novel biomaterial-based platform,M1-polarized macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicle-coated LNPs(M1-C-LNPs),specifically engineered for a combined gene-immunotherapy approach against solid *** dual-function system of M1-C-LNPs encapsulates bcl2-targeting siRNA within LNPs and immune-modulating cytokines within M1 macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicles(M1-NVs),effectively facilitating apoptosis in cancer cells without impacting T and NK cells,which activate the intratumoral immune response to promote granule-mediating killing for solid tumor *** retention within tumor was observed upon intratumoral administration of M1-C-LNPs,owing to the presence of adhesion molecules on M1-NVs,thereby contributing to superior tumor growth *** findings represent a promising strategy for the development of targeted and effective nanoparticle-based cancer genetic-immunotherapy,with significant implications for advancing biomaterial use in cancer therapeutics.

关键词： Genetic-immunotherapy M1 macrophage-derived cellular nanovesicles Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs) Gene therapy siRNA Cancer immunotherapy Solid tumor Tumor microenvironment(TME)

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Construction of a High‑Performance Composite Solid Electrolyte Through In‑Situ Polymerization within a Self‑Supported Porous Garnet Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 56-70页

作者： An‑Giang Nguyen Min‑Ho Lee Jaekook Kim Chan‑Jin park Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong‑roBuk‑guGwangju 61186South Korea

Composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)have emerged as promising candidates for safe and high-energy–density solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMbs).However,concurrently achieving exceptional ionic conductivity and interface compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode presents a significant challenge in the development of high-performance CSEs for *** overcome these challenges,we present a method involving the in-situ polymerization of a monomer within a self-supported porous Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZT)to produce the *** synergy of the continuous conductive LLZT network,well-organized polymer,and their interface can enhance the ionic conductivity of the CSE at room ***,the in-situ polymerization process can also con-struct the integration and compatibility of the solid electrolyte–solid electrode *** synthesized CSE exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.117 mS cm^(-1),a significant lithium transference number of 0.627,and exhibited electrochemical stability up to 5.06 V ***/Li+at 30℃.Moreover,the Li|CSE|LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cell delivered a discharge capacity of 105.1 mAh g^(-1) after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and 30℃,corresponding to a capacity retention of 61%.This methodology could be extended to a variety of ceramic,polymer electrolytes,or battery systems,thereby offering a viable strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of CSEs for high-energy–density SSLMbs.

关键词： Scalable tape-casting method Self-supported porous Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12) Composite solid electrolyte LiF-and b-rich interphase layers

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body-Shaping Membrane to Regenerate breast Fat by Elastic Structural Holding

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 165-180页

作者： Hye-Seon Kim Jeongeun park Hyun-Su Ha Sewoom baek Chan Hee Lee Kyubae Lee Suji park Jueun Kim Se won Yi Hak-Joon Sung Department of Medical Engineering Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea TMD LAb Co.Ltd. 6th Floor31Gwangnaru-ro 8-gilSeongdong-guSeoul 04799Republic of Korea

Tissue regeneration requires structural holding and movement support using tissue-type-specific aids such as bone casts,skin bandages,and joint ***,an unmet need exists in aiding breast fat regeneration as the breast moves following continuous body motion by exposing the breast fat to dynamic ***,the concept of elastic structural holding is applied to develop a shape-fitting moldable membrane for breast fat regeneration(“adipoconductive”)after surgical defects are *** membrane has the following key characteristics:(a)It contains a panel of honeycomb structures,thereby efficiently handling motion stress through the entire membrane;(b)a strut is added into each honeycomb in a direction perpendicular to gravity,thereby suppressing the deformation and stress concentration upon lying and standing;and(c)thermo-responsive moldable elastomers are used to support structural holding by suppressing large deviations of movement that occur *** elastomer became moldable upon a temperature shift above T_(m).The structure can then be fixed as the temperature *** a result,the membrane promotes adipogenesis by activating mechanotransduction in a fat miniature model with pre-adipocyte spheroids under continuous shaking in vitro and in a subcutaneous implant placed on the motion-prone back areas of rodents in vivo.

关键词： thereby shaking Elastic

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Trifunctional robust electrocatalysts based on 3D Fe/N-doped carbon nanocubes encapsulating Co4N nanoparticles for efficient battery-powered water electrolyzers

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 124-139页

作者： Hyung wook Choi Hongdae Lee Jun Lu Seok bin Kwon Dong In Jeong beum Jin park Jiwon Kim bong Kyun Kang Gun Jang Dae Ho Yoon Ho Seok park SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea Department of Electronic Materials Devicesand Equipment EngineeringSoonchunhyang UniversityAsan CityChungnamRepublic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology(SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea

Herein,we have designed a highly active and robust trifunctional electrocatalyst derived from Prussian blue analogs,where Co_(4)N nanoparticles are encapsulated by Fe embedded in N-doped carbon nanocubes to synthesize hierarchically structured Co_(4)N@Fe/N-C for rechargeable zinc-air batteries and overall water-splitting *** confirmed by theoretical and experimental results,the high intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and hydrogen evolution reaction activities of Co_(4)N@Fe/N-C were attributed to the formation of the heterointerface and the modulated local electronic ***,Co_(4)N@Fe/N-C induced improvement in these trifunctional electrocatalytic activities owing to the hierarchical hollow nanocube structure,uniform distribution of Co_(4)N,and conductive encapsulation by Fe/***,the rechargeable zinc-air battery with Co_(4)N@Fe/N-C delivers a high specific capacity of 789.9 mAh g^(-1) and stable voltage profiles over 500 ***,the overall water electrolyzer with Co_(4)N@Fe/N-C achieved better durability and rate performance than that with the Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts,delivering a high Faradaic efficiency of 96.4%.Along with the great potential of the integrated water electrolyzer powered by a zinc-air battery for practical applications,therefore,the mechanistic understanding and active site identification provide valuable insights into the rational design of advanced multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion.

关键词： battery-powered electrolyzers hierarchical structure Prussian blue analog trifunctional electrocatalyst zinc-air battery

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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCob large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1525-1539页

作者： Shengchao Duan Min Joo Lee Yao Su wangzhong Mu Dong Soo Kim Joo Hyun park School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Rep.of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm 10044Sweden Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Casting&Forging business Unit Nuclear Business GroupDoosan EnerbilityChangwon 51711Rep.of Korea

In combination with theoretical calculations,experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions(NMIs)during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCob heat-resistant steel and CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–b_(2)O_(3)electroslag remelting(ESR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial ESR *** main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina,a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al_(2)O_(3)core and liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO shell,and M_(23)C_(6)carbides with an MnS *** Al_(2)O_(3)and MnS inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M_(23)C_(6)-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification ***,inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer *** ESR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion with a carbide shell,and only the Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and Al_(2)O_(3)core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted *** M_(23)C_(6)-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr_(23)C_(6)based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy *** substitution of Cr with w,Fe,or/and Mo in the Cr_(23)C_(6)lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr_(23)C_(6)***,Cr_(21.34)Fe_(1.66)C_(6),(Cr_(19)w_(4)C_(6),Cr_(18.4)Mo_(4.6)C_(6),and Cr_(16)Fe_(5)Mo_(2)C_(6)can match the fraction pattern of Cr_(23)C_(6)*** Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO,SiO_(2),and MnO components in the liquid *** increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al_(2)O_(3)precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF_(2)and the increase in CaO content in the ESR-type slag.

关键词： nonmetallic inclusion heat-resistant steel electroslag remelting M_(23)C_(6) carbide MnS inclusion supersaturation degree

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Self-supported VO_(2)on polydopamine-derived pyroprotein-based fibers for ultrastable and flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 1-13页

作者： Jeong Seok Yeon Sul Ki park Shinik Kim Santosh VMohite won Il Kim Gun Jang Hyun-Seok Jang Jiyoung bae Sang Moon Lee won GHong byung Hoon Kim Yeonho Kim Ho Seok park School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversityGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Applied Chemistry Konkuk UniversityChungjuRepublic of Korea Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)College of Natural SciencesUlsanRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Intelligent Sensor Convergence Research Center Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Institute of basic Science Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Division of Material Analysis and Research Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea

A conventional electrode composite for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ZIbs)includes a binder for strong adhesion between the electrode material and the current ***,the introduction of a binder leads to electrochemical inactivity and low electrical conductivity,resulting in the decay of the capacity and a low rate *** present a binder-and conducting agent-free VO_(2)composite electrode using in situ polymerization of dopamine on a flexible current collector of pyroprotein-based *** as-fabricated composite electrode was used as a substrate for the direct growth of VO_(2)as a self-supported form on polydopamine-derived pyroprotein-based fibers(pp-fibers@VO_(2)(b)).It has a high conductivity and flexible nature as a current collector and moderate binding without conventional binders and conducting agents for the VO_(2)(b)*** addition,their electrochemical mechanism was *** energy storage is induced by Zn^(2+)/H^(+)coinsertion during discharging,which can be confirmed by the lattice expansion,the formation of by-products including Zn_(x)(OTf)_(y)(OH)_(2x−y)·nH_(2)O,and the reduction of V^(4+)to V^(3+).Furthermore,the assembled Zn//pp-fibers@VO_(2)(b)pouch cells have excellent flexibility and stable electrochemical performance under various bending states,showing application possibilities for portable and wearable power sources.

关键词： aqueous battery binder free conducting agent‐free flexible electrode zinc‐ion battery

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