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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov b.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong t.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan t.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.bulanov t.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI beamlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Hb11 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine IStEQ AR YerevanArmenia

tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

Gastroesophageal reflux following per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Can we improve outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2834-2838页

作者： Inian Samarasam Raj Kumar Joel Anna b Pulimood Department of Surgery Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitChristian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

this editorial is an analysis the review article by Nabi et al recently published in this *** Cardia is a disease whose pathophysiology is still *** is known that there is inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to loss of ganglion cells in the muscularis *** end result is lower oesophageal sphincter spasm,loss of receptive relaxation,decreased oesophageal peristalsis,all leading on to varying degrees of *** treatment of this condition is palliative in nature,performed by myotomy of the lower oesophagus either surgically or *** reflux disease(GERD)has been associated with the myotomy performed,particularly with the Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy(POEM)*** et al have provided an excellent overview of the latest developments in predicting,preventing,evaluating,and managing GERD subsequent to *** on this theme,this review article explores the concept of using histology of the oesophageal muscle layer,to grade the disease and thereby help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM *** the future,will a histology based algorithm available preoperatively,help modify the POEM procedure,thereby decreasing the incidence of GERD associated with POEM?

关键词： Achalasia cardia Peroral endoscopic myotomy Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy Histopathology Histologic grading

the Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine became a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John L McDonald Judy b James School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(tCM) practitioners in Australia became nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, and Chinese herbal medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed by Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. the practice of tCM in Australia can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which began in the 1850s. the process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the establishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited bachelor degrees, and the development, by the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of tribalism and division within the tCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee brought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were published by AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collaborated on joint submissions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national registration, some barriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lobby the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia tCM

Data error propagation in stacked bioclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI babak NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel b.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nabeiro’biodiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distributions for multiple species based on outputs of bioclimatic envelope models(bEMs).the approach can be used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distributions are inevitable,but how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted bEMs using species distributions data for 334 bird species obtained from(1)global range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanobis distance),presence-background(MAXENt),and presence–absence(GAM and bRt)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and bEMs can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that best explained species distributions also differed between data *** using citizen-based data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated by GAM and bRt models were robust to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should be conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distribution stacked bioclimatic envelope models uncertainty

Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

background Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(agetality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

the role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel b Gehle Logan C Meyer tim Jancelewicz Le bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLS)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm birth,or very low birth weight,but many of these limits are being evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLS use in patients with CDH but this therapy appears to have a survival benefit in the most severe subset of *** outcomes have been observed for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLS runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLS weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arbitrary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

Nearest Neighbor Sampling of Point Sets Using Rays

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1131-1174页

作者： Liangchen Liu Louis Ly Colin b.Macdonald Richard tsai Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin201 E24th StAustinTX 78712USA Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia1984 Mathematics RdVancouverBCV6T1Z2Canada

We propose a new framework for the sampling,compression,and analysis of distributions of point sets and other geometric objects embedded in Euclidean *** approach involves constructing a tensor called the RaySense sketch,which captures nearest neighbors from the underlying geometry of points along a set of *** explore various operations that can be performed on the RaySense sketch,leading to different properties and potential *** information about the data set can be extracted from the sketch,independent of the ray *** integrals on point sets can be efficiently computed using the *** also present several examples illustrating applications of the proposed strategy in practical scenarios.

关键词： Point clouds Sampling Classification Registration Deep learning Voronoi cell analysis

biopolymer stabilization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin Soltani Mehdi Mirzababaei Mark b.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

this study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(SA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(CS)d each applied at five different solid biopolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stabilization using hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCS for all biopolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing biopolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then subsequently decreasing,such that all biopolymer-stabilized samples mobilized higher UCS values compared to the unamended *** optimum dosage was found to be 1.5%for SA,XG and CS,while a notably lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for ***,for a given biopolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCS,with the achieved improvements being generally more pronounced for XG-and CS-treated *** of the investigated biopolymers was able to produce UCS improvements equivalent to those obtained by the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and CS dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily able to replicate 7-d lime stabilization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayebiopolymer stabilization mechanisms.

关键词： Soil stabilization High plasticity clay biopolymer dosage Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compressive strength(UCS)

Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.F.Ismael A.H.Alias N.A.Haron b.b.Zaidan Abdulrahman M.Abdulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of Global Management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variables inﬂuencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainability urban heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainable development in urban areas