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Vented Individual Patient(VIP)Hoods for the Control of Infectious Airborne Diseases in Healthcare Facilities

Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 126-132页

作者： J.Patel F.McGain T.bhatelia S.Wang b.sun J.Monty V.Pareek CSIRO Energy MelbourneVIC 3169Australia Western Health MelbourneVIC 3021Australia School of Public Health The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Centre for Integrated Critical Care The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia The Western Australian School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia

by providing a means of separating the airborne emissions of patients from the air breathed by healthcare workers(HCWs),vented individual patient(VIP)hoods,a form of local exhaust ventilation(LEV),offer a new approach to reduce hospital-acquired infection(HAI).Results from recent studies have demonstrated that,for typical patient-emitted aerosols,VIP hoods provide protection at least equivalent to that of an N95 mask.Unlike a mask,hood performance can be easily monitored and HCWs can be alerted to failure by alarms.The appropriate use of these relatively simple devices could both reduce the reliance on personal protective equipment(PPE)for infection control and provide a low-cost and energy-efficient form of protection for hospitals and clinics.Although the development and deployment of VIP hoods has been accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,these devices are currently an immature technology.In this review,we describe the state of the art of VIP hoods and identify aspects in need of further development,both in terms of device design and the protocols associated with their use.The broader concept of individual patient hoods has the potential to be expanded beyond ventilation to the provision of clean conditions for individual patients and personalized control over other environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

关键词： COVID-19 Vented individual patient hood Airborne transmission Healthcare worker Infectious disease

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Precipitation and coarsening kinetics of H-phase in NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第19期114卷 90-101页

作者： A.Shuitcev Y.Ren b.sun G.V.Markova L.Li Y.X.Tong Y.F.Zheng Institute of Materials Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Center of Testing and Analysis College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Physics of Metal and Material Science Department Tula State UniversityTula 300012Russian Federation School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Precipitate hardening is the most easiest and effective way to enhance strain recovery properties in NiTiHf high-temperature shape memory alloys.This paper discusses the precipitation,coarsening and age hardening of H-phase precipitates in Ni_(50)Ti_(30)Hf_(20)alloy during isothermal aging at temperatures between 450℃and 650℃for time to 75 h.The H-phase mean size and volume fraction were determined using transmission electron microscopy.Precipitation kinetics was analyzed using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation and an Arrhenius type law.From these analyses,a Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram was constructed.The evolution of H-phase size suggests classical matrix diffusion limited Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner coarsening for all considered temperatures.The coarsening rate constants of H-phase precipitation have been determined using a modified coarsening rate equation for nondilute solutions.Critical size of H-phase precipitates for breaking down the precipitate/matrix interface coherency was estimated through a combination of age hardening and precipitate size evolution data.Moreover,time-temperature-hardness diagram was constructed from the precipitation and coarsening kinetics and age hardening of H-phase precipitates in Ni_(50)Ti_(30)Hf_(20)alloy.

关键词： High temperature shape memory alloys NiTiHf Time-temperature-transformation diagram Coarsening kinetics H-phase

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Nanostructured Ti29.7Ni50.3Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloy processed by high-pressure torsion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第17期52卷 218-225页

作者： A.Shuitcev D.V.Gunderov b.sun L.Li R.Z.Valiev Y.X.Tong Institute of Materials Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials Ufa State Technical University of AviationUfa450000Russia Center of Testing and Analysis College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Laboratory for Mechanics of Advanced bulk Nanomaterials for Innovative Engineering Applications Saint-Petersburg State UniversitySaint-Petersburg199034Russia

High-pressure torsion(HPT)processing under a pressure of 6.0 GPa was applied to Ti29.7Ni50.3Hf20(at.%)alloy.Two types of structure were observed after HPT with 3 revolutions:first one is the mixture of amorphous phase and retained nanocrystalline;second is the alternating bands of amorphous phase and high defect density crystalline.As a result,post deformation annealing(PDA)at 500-700℃leads to the non-uniform distribution of martensite and parent phase grains.The grains of martensite are twice larger compared to that of parent phase.The nanocrystalline and ultrafine grains form after annealing at 500-600℃and 700℃,respectively.The twinning mechanism does not change with the reduction of martensitic grains up to^35 nm.The relationship between strength and grain size in Ti29.7Ni50.3Hf20 alloy obeys the classical Hall-Petch relationship with a coefficient of 10.80±0.39 GPa nm^1/2.

关键词： TiNiHf Nanocrystalline alloy Amorphous structure High-pressure torsion Hall-Petch relationship

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一种断面观测设备及其在精密工程测量中的应用

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华东地质学院学报 1993年第3期16卷 228-234,240页

作者： X.L.Ding b.Eng R.Coleman b.sun 赵吉先

本文介绍了一种全新的用于精确测量建筑物形状的观测设备,是一种特制的观测平车,能同时获得水平方向和垂直方向的观测数据。这些观测数据给出了一系列模型点相对于参考线的支距。本文详细讨论了这种观测设备的设计、观测方法和应用。把... 详细信息

本文介绍了一种全新的用于精确测量建筑物形状的观测设备,是一种特制的观测平车,能同时获得水平方向和垂直方向的观测数据。这些观测数据给出了一系列模型点相对于参考线的支距。本文详细讨论了这种观测设备的设计、观测方法和应用。把这些断面观测数据与一个严格定义的XYZ坐标系统中用常规测量方法测得的数据结合起来,即可确定建筑物的三维形状。

关键词：工程测量断面观测观测平车

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Degeneration of foundation cushion species induced by ecological constraints can cause massive changes in alpine plant communities

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 789-802页

作者： Jianguo Chen Xufang Chen Lishen Qian Yazhou Zhang bo Li Honghua Shi Lu sun Christian Schöb Hang sun Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China Área de biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain

Foundational cushion plants can re-organize community structures and sustain a prominent proportion of alpine biodiversity,but they are sensitive to climate change.The loss of cushion species can have broad consequences for associated biota.The potential plant community changes with the population dynamics of cushion plants remain,however,unclear.Using eight plant communities along a climatic and community successional gradient,we assessed cushion population dynamics,the underlying ecological constraints and hence associated plant community changes in alpine communities dominated by the foundational cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides.The population dynamics of Arenaria are attributed to ecological constraints at a series of life history stages.Reproductive functions are constrained by increasing associated beneficiary plants;subsequent seedling establishment is constrained by temperature,water and light availability,extreme climate events,and interspecific competition;strong competitive exclusion may accelerate mortality and degeneration of cushion populations.Along with cushion dynamics,species composition,abundance and community structure gradually change.Once cushion plants completely degenerate,previously cushion-dominated communities shift to relatively stable communities that are overwhelmingly dominated by sedges.Climate warming may accelerate the degeneration process of A.polytrichoides.Degeneration of this foundational cushion plant will possibly induce massive changes in alpine plant communities and hence ecosystem functions in alpine ecosystems.The assessment of the population dynamics of foundation species is critical for an effective conservation of alpine biodiversity.

关键词： alpine ecosystem biodiversity change climate change plant community dynamics foundation species global warming population dynamics

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NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1961-1966页

作者： Napissara boonpraman sun Shin Yi bK21 four Program Department of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea Department of biomedical Laboratory Science Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea iConnectome Co.Ltd.CheonanSouth Korea

Diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes mitochondrial dysfunction myeloperoxidase NADPH oxidase 4 NADPH oxidase 4 inhibitors neurodegenerative diseases osteopontin Parkinson’s disease reactive oxygen species

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What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-based allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan sun James b.McCarter Integrated Forest Mensuration and Systems Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attribute used in many forest management decisions.Data from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New brunswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume equation.When density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height measure.When density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was true.For models with density included,moment-based estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than all other measures.For models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than other measures.The overall best equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height subsampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attributes

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Compressive property and energy absorption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adjusting Y addition

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： J.A.Liu S.J.Liu b.Wang W.b.sun X.J.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Laboratory of bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for bionics-Jilin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared by various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adjust the compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics.Several characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describe the details of the second phase.Compressive tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous Mg-Zn-Y.The experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second phase.When the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges between 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy absorption capacity increases from 7.33 MJ/m^(3)to 10.97 MJ/m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attributed to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second phase.However,the average energy absorption efficiency is independent of the Y content.In addition,the compressive deformation behaviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered by the testing temperature.The compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the struts.The deformation behaviors at different temperatures are finally observed to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive behavior Energy absorption characteristic

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Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa b pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1802-1811页

作者： Fudong Li Xiaofei sun Kaiqiang sun Fanqi Kong Xin Jiang Qingjie Kong Department of Orthopedics Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Spine CenterShanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated bV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKba activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa b,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa b pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

关键词： inflammasome inflammation lupenone microglia polarization pyroptosis spinal cord injury

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Rational surface charge engineering of haloalkane dehalogenase for boosting the enzymatic performance in organic solvent solutions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 276-285页

作者： Yin Wu Yan sun Department of biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

biocatalysis in organic solvents(OSs)has numerous important applications,but native enzymes in OSs often exhibit limited catalytic performance.Herein,we proposed a computation-aided surface charge engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA in OSs based on the energetic analysis of substrate binding to the DhaA surface.Several variants with enhanced OS resistance were obtained by replacing negative charged residues on the surface with positive charged residue(Arg).Particularly,a four-substitution variant E16R/E93R/E121R/E257R exhibited the best catalytic performance(five-fold improvement in OS resistance and seven-fold half-life increase in 40%(vol)dimethylsulfoxide).As a result,the overall catalytic performance of the variant could be at least 26 times higher than the wild-type DhaA.Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the residue substitution mainly enhanced OS resistance from four aspects:(a)improved the overall structural stability,(b)increased the hydrophobicity of the local microenvironment around the catalytic triad,(c)enriched the hydrophobic substrate around the enzyme molecule,and(d)lowered the contact frequency between OS molecules and the catalytic triad.Our findings validate that computationaided surface charge engineering is an effective and ingenious rational strategy for tailoring enzyme performance in OSs.

关键词： Surface charge engineering Organic solvent resistance Molecular dynamics simulation Haloalkane dehalogenase

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