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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.schorner V.bagnoud r.belikov P.Drechsel b.Heuser O.sHumphries P.Katrik b.Lindqvist C.Qu r.redmer D.riley G.schaumann s.schumacher A.Tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu b.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.Kraus institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany Gsi Helmholtzzentrum fur schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany state Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andion research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 246-262页

作者： George Heslop-Harrison Kazumi Nakabayashi Ana Espinosa-ruiz Francesca robertson robert baines Christopher r.L.Thompson Katrin Hermann David Alabadí Gerhard Leubner-Metzger robin s.b.Williams Centre for biomedical sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Centre for Plant Molecular sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK instituto de biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CsiC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK syngenta Crop Protection AGSteinSwitzerland

Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root,leaf,and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring *** how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant *** such allelochemical,Myrigalone A(MyA)produced by Myrica gale,inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown ***,we investigate MyA using the tractable modelDictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylenesynthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO).Furthermore,in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic *** ***,ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay,which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene,and MyA reduces ethylene *** Arabidopsis thaliana,MyA treatment delays seed germination,and this effect is rescued by exogenous *** also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension,blocks ethylenedependent root hair production,and reduces ethylene ***,in silico binding analyses identify a rangeof highlypotentethylene inhibitorsthatblock ethylene-dependent responseand reduce ethyleneproduction in ***,we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.

关键词： 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ACC ACC oxidase ACO allelochemicals ethylene synthesis inhibitors structure-activity relationship

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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.r.Yin X.F.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.büscher s.M.Weng M.Chen Z.M.sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina state Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina sANKEN(institute of scientific and industrial research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan sichuan research institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg institut(PGi-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative innovation Center of iFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder s.Lopes Marina C.Waiteman Liliam b.Priore Neal r.Glaviano David M.bazett-Jones ronaldo V.briani Fabio M.Azevedo school of science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA school of Exercise and rehabilitation sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

background:impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five databases(MEDLiNE,Embase,CiNAHL,sPOrTDiscus,and Web of science)were searched from inception to september *** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were ***:seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(sMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%Ci):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(sMD=-0.97,95%Ci:-1.49 to-0.45).individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(sMD=-0.48,95%Ci:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(sMD=-1.07,95%Ci:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(sMD=-0.59,95%Ci:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observed in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(sMD=-0.76,95%Ci:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

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Temporal variability and sources of PFAs in the rio Grande,New Mexico through an arid urban area using multiple tracers and highfrequency sampling

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 205-220页

作者： Kimberly r.beisner rebecca E.Travis David A.Alvarez Larry b.barber Jacob A.Fleck Jeramy r.Jasmann U.s.Geological survey 6700 Edith Blvd NEAlbuquerqueNM87113USA U.s.Geological survey 4200 New Haven RoadColumbiaMO65201USA U.s.Geological survey 3215 Marine St.BoulderCO80303USA U.s.Geological survey 6000 J St.Placer Hall.SacramentoCA95819USA

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAs)are ubiquitous in the environment but sources are not well defined for temporal and spatial aspects within an urban environment,and especially for an arid urban environment subject to seasonal short term high-intensity precipitation events.A focused diel sampling was conducted in the summer of 2021 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of PFAs in the rio Grande near Albuquerque,New Mexico and showed an order of magnitude increase of PFAs as it flows through the Albuquerque urban *** samples were collected at two different locations on the rio Grande in addition to wastewater treatment plant(WWTP)effluent that discharges directly to the rio Grande between the sampling ***-term high-intensity precipitation events occurred during the study period and mobilized PFAs from urban *** organic matter composed of tryptophan-like organic substances and refined fuel and fuel byproducts,characteristic of an urban signature,were also related to the precipitation *** PFAs in discharge from the WWTP was consistent over a 24-h period with slight differences in some *** presence on the rio Grande downstream of the WWTP was evidenced by a gadolinium anomaly as well as increases in several other trace elements,total dissolved nitrogen,and fluorescence indicators,in addition to *** varied depending on source contribution,where urban runoff was associated with PFOA,PFOs,and PFbA,whereas PFHxA and PFPeA were associated with wastewater *** addition,passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers(POCis)using hydrophilic-lipid balance(HLb)sorption media were deployed for a month at two locations on the rio Grande to assess longer term PFAs *** POCis results show some compounds(PFPeA and PFHpA)were greater than the average concentration from discrete samples,whereas other compounds(PFHxA,PFOA,PFDA,and PFNA)were lower in the POCis,and PFOs was very simila

关键词： wastewater rio runoff

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spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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insect science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda r.Pereira Martins Natalie b.Warren W.Owen McMillan rowan D.H.barrett redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada smithsonian Tropical researchinstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

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study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a stationary cone-disk system with temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.s.JOHN b.MAHANTHEsH G.LOrENZiNi Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India school of Mathematical and statistical sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry *** this study,we investigate the three-dimensional flow of a water-based Ag-Mg O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system while considering temperature-dependent fluid *** the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal *** single-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating the experimental *** model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energy,in conjunction with an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-group scaling transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved *** influence of variable fluid parameters on both swirling and non-swirling flow cases is ***,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is *** is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,while the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number

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short-term solar eruptive activity prediction models based on machine learning approaches: A review

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science China Earth sciences 2024年

作者： Xin HUANG Zhongrui ZHAO Yufeng ZHONG Long XU Marianna b.KOrsós r.ErDéLYi Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Ningbo University state Key Laboratory of space Weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Astronomy and space science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences beijing Cellular Exploration science and Technology Center Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana” Università di Catania Department of Astronomy E?tv?s Loránd University Hungarian solar Physics Foundation solar Physics & space Plasma research Center (sP2rC) School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield

solar eruptive activities, mainly including solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CME), and solar proton events (sPE),have an important impact on space weather and our technosphere. The short-term solar eruptive activity prediction is an active field of research in the space weather prediction. Numerical, statistical, and machine learning methods are proposed to build prediction models of the solar eruptive activities. With the development of space-based and ground-based facilities, a large amount of observational data of the sun is accumulated, and data-driven prediction models of solar eruptive activities have made a significant progress. in this review, we briefly introduce the machine learning algorithms applied in solar eruptive activity prediction, summarize the prediction modeling process, overview the progress made in the field of solar eruptive activity prediction model, and look forward to the possible directions in the future.

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Neurogenic potential of NG2 in neurotrauma:a systematic review

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2673-2683页

作者： Yuri r.rigo radharani benvenutti Luis V.Portela Nathan r.strogulski Departamento de bioquímica Instituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil school of Pharmacy and biomolecular sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland school of biochemistry and immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland

regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of *** is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic to rgets in spinal co rd and traumatic brain *** advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma *** studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2(NG2)cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed *** these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role,studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from *** the present study,we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature,which were peer-reviewed original research articles(1)describing preclinical experimental studies,(2)investigating NG2 cells,(3)associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma,and(4)in vitro and/or in vivo,available in PubMed/MEDLiNE,Web of science or sCOPUs,from 1998 to ***,we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers,and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in *** also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal co rd injury models,and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury *** findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.

关键词： neural-glial antigen 2 neural-glial factor 2 neuron differentiation NG2 cell regeneration spinal cord injury(sCi) traumatic brain injury(Tbi)

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sol-gel derived b_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bioactive glasses with hemostatic,antibacterial and pro-angiogenic activities

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regenerative biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 108-118页

作者： Kai Zheng Faina bider Mahshid Monavari Zhiyan Xu Christina Janko Christoph Alexiou Ana M.beltran Aldo r.boccaccini Jiangsu Province Engineering research Center of stomatological Translational Medicine College of StomatologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China institute of biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Oto-rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck SurgerySection of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine(SEON)Else Kroener-Fresenius-Stiftung ProfessorshipUniversitaetsklinikum Erlangen91058 ErlangenGermany Departamento de ingenier�ıa y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte Escuela Politecnica

sol-gel borate bioactive glasses(bGs)are promising ion-releasing biomaterials for wound healing ***,we report the synthesis of a series of binary b_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bGs(CaO ranging from 50 to 90mol%)using a sol-gel-based *** influence of CaO content in b_(2)O_(3)-CaO borate bG on morphology,structure and ion release behavior was investigated in *** dissolution(ion release)and crystallization could be observed in borate bGs when CaO content increased,while the morphology was not significantly altered by increasing CaO *** results evidenced that the ion release behavior of borate bGs could be tailored by tuning the b_(2)O_(3)/CaO molar *** also evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity,hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities of borate *** was validated for all borate ***,borate bGs exhibited composition-dependent hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic ***,higher contents of Ca in borate bGs facilitated hemostatic activity,while higher contents of b_(2)O_(3) were beneficial for pro-angiogenic *** synthesized sol-gel-derived borate bGs are promising materials for developing advanced wound healing dressings,given their fast ion release behavior and favorable hemostatic,antibacterial and angiogenic activities.

关键词： borate glasses sol-gel processing glass composition wound healing

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