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Origin of Red Color of the Lower Siwalik Palaeosols:A Micromorphological Approach

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第2期6卷 147-154页

作者： Seema Singh b.parkash Arun.K.Awasthi Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee-247667 India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee–247667 India

Palaeosols associated with fluvial of the Siwalik Group are and lacustrine deposits that occur as thick multiple pedocomplexes. The bright red color of the palaeosol beds has been earlier interpreted as a result of hot and arid palaeoclimate. However, as against this view, our investigations of the bright red palaeosol beds of the Lower Siwaliks suggest that the climate was cool and subhumid, instead of hot and arid during the deposition of these beds. Since cold climate is not very conducive to impart red coloration, further research is needed to explain the cause of these red beds. For this, the micromorphological study of soil thin sections was done which showed the presence of features such as dissolution and recrystallisation of quartz, feldspar and mica, compaction, slickensides, presence of calcite spars, subrounded and cracked nature of quartz grains, microfabric, complex patterns of birefringence fabrics, pigmentary ferric oxides, thick cutans and cementation by calcite. These features indicate that diagenesis took place on a large scale in these sediments. The positive Eh and neutral-alkaline pH of soils also suggest that the conditions were favorable for the formation of diagenetic red beds. During burial diagenesis of sediments, the hydroxides of ferromagnesian minerals got converted into ferric oxide minerals （hematite）. During deep burial diagenesis smectite was converted into illite and the preponderance of illite over smectite with increasing depth of burial also indicates the diagenesis of sediments. Thus, the red color of the Lower Siwalik palaeosols seems to be due mainly to the burial diagenesis of sediments and does not appear to be due to the then prevailing climatic condition.

关键词： Palaeosols C3 type vegetation diagenetic red beds calcite spars

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Root Structure,Distribution and biomass in Five Multipurpose Tree Species of Western Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 519-525页

作者： Kartar Singh VERMA Sandeep KOHLI Rajesh KAUSHAL Om parkash CHATURVEDI Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Plant Science Division Central Soil and Water Conservation Reserach & Training Institute

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. b. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in b. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inR. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forb. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in b. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatb. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.

关键词： Root categories Root distribution Root biomass Soil binding factor Soil conservation Nutrients

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Malnutrition and liver disease in a developing country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 4985-4998页

作者： Asra tus Saleha Siddiqui Om parkash Syeda Amrah Hashmi Department of Medicine The Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Medical College The Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan

Malnutrition is a highly prevalent and under recognized condition in developing countries of South *** presence of malnutrition causes a severe impact on patients with liver *** etiology of cirrhosis differs in the South Asian region compared to the West,with hepatitis b and C still being the leading causes and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increasing over *** malnutrition worsens outcomes for cirrhosis *** attention to address malnutrition is needed to improve patient *** etiology and pathophysiology of malnutrition in liver diseases is multifactorial,as reduction in liver function affects both macronutrients and micronutrients.A need for nutritional status assessment for liver disease patients exists in all parts of the *** are many widely studied tools in use to perform a thorough nutritional assessment,of which some tools are low cost and do not require extensive *** tools can be studied and evaluated for use in the resource limited setting of a country like *** guidelines for proper nutrition maintenance in chronic liver disease exist for all parts of the world,but the knowledge and practice of nutritional counseling in Pakistan is poor,both amongst patients and *** on assessment for nutritional status at the initial visit with recording of vital signs is ***,treating physicians need to be made aware of the misconceptions surrounding nutritional restrictions in cirrhosis so that patient education is done correctly based on proper scientific evidence.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Malnutrition Nutrition assessment Liver diseases Nutritional and metabolic diseases Micronutrients

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预测埋藏式除颤器植入后的早期死亡率:选择患者的最佳临床风险评分

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 15-15页

作者： parkash R. Stevenson W.G. Epstein L.M. Maisel W.H. 宁宁 Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre Halifax Infirmary Site 1796 Summer Street Halifax NS B3H 3A7 Canada Dr.

background: Patients with advanced heart disease are at risk from sudden death; however, benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs) may be limited as a result of early mortality from other causes. The objective of this study was to develop a model to predict mortality within the first year after ICD implantation. Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis was performed of 469 consecutive patients who underwent ICD implantation at a single tertiary- care center from 1999 to 2002. Vital status was determined from the Social Security Death Index. Patients were randomized into prediction and validation cohorts. A risk score was derived from the prediction cohort by multivariate logistic regression and applied to the validation cohort. One point was assigned for each variable in the risk score(age>80 years, history of atrial fibrillation, creatinine> 1.8 mg/dL,New York Heart Association class III or IV). One- year mortality significantly increased with increasing risk score in both the prediction and validation cohorts. Validation cohort mortality was 3.4% for 0 points, 4.3% for 1 point, 17% for 2 points, and 33% for ≥ 3 points(P for trendbe helpful in consideration of ICD risk/benefit for individual patients. Further studies conducted in a prospective manner using these clinical criteria are warranted.

关键词：心脏病患者埋藏式除颤器早期死亡率植入后评分风险预测 logistic回归法临床三级医疗中心

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心衰患者发生房颤时即使心室功能保留但死亡风险仍高

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册) 2006年第2期 29-29页

作者： parkash R. Maisel W. H. Toca F. M. Stevenson W. G. 任付先 Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre 1796 Summer Street Halifax NS B3H 3A7 Canada Dr.

background: The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with atrial fibrillation(AF) and heart failure(HF) have a better prognosis when systolic function is preserved as compared with those with depressed systolic function. Methods: Data from consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department at brigham and Women' s Hospital from January 1997 to December 2002 who had a diagnosis of AF and HF and a measure of ejection fraction(EF) were reviewed. Vital status was determined from the Social Security Death Index. Results: Of 478 patients(mean age 74± 13 years; 47% women), EF was preserved(>50% ) in 46% . Those with preserved left ventricular(LV) function were older(76 vs 72 years, Pbetween the preserved and depressed EF groups(50% vs 48% , P=.74). In multivariable analysis, age >75 years, history of cancer, cerebrovascular disease, aortic valve disease, serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, and serum sodiumblockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker were associated with lower mortality. Conclusion: Patients who present to the emergency department with AF, HF, and preserved LVEF have a similarly high mortality as compared with those with depressed LVEF. Further study is needed to assess the impact of therapies and clarify the reasons for the poor prognosis.

关键词：房颤患者心房纤颤 LVEF 收缩功能

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