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Evidence for polarization-induced phase transformations and degradation in CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)

Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 9435-9442页

作者： Aleksei Yu.Grishko Maria A.Komkova Ekaterina I.Marchenko Alexandra V.Chumakova Alexey b.Tarasov Eugene A.Goodilin Andrei A.Eliseev Department of Materials Science MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182China Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Department of Materials Science Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia European Synchrotron Radiation Facility F-38042 GrenobleFrance

In solar cells,hybrid halide perovskites operate under constant bias,thus their stability towards electric field-induced degradation is of key *** we report on evidence of previously unidentified electric field-induced transitions and degradation path of CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)(MAPbI_(3))using elemental and phase *** films of MAPbI_(3) were deposited onto 1-2μm-pitch interdigitated electrodes and subjected to direct current(DC)-*** MAPbI_(3) layer polarized withbution to methylammonium-rich MAPbI_(3)-y(ybI3(xboth methylammonium and iodine provokes degradation of MAPbI_(3).Using nanofocus grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS),we unambiguously showed that the bias voltage induces the transformation ofβ-MAPbI_(3) to metastableδ-MAPbI_(3) polymorph via alignment of polar organic cation with the electric *** transformation is partially reversible upon field ***,once formed,δ-MAPbI_(3) disrupts the morphology of pristine film and undergoes decomposition toβ-MAPbI_(3)(β-MAPI)and PbI_(2).With the aforementioned compositional and phase changes,only MA-rich part serves as the charge separation layer,while the I-rich excitation is blocked with the PbI_(2) barrier serving as holes trapping *** observations reveal the intermediate steps in electric-field-driven degradation of halide perovskites and show the role of polar cations in the process,which is instructive for further material design with higher stability metrics.

关键词： halide perovskites stability degradation electric field ionic conductivity stoichiometry

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Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第1期43卷 39-39页

作者： Kevin b Koronowski Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism U1233 INSERM Department of Biological Chemistry University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA.

Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time,which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental *** complex organisms,clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide *** advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across *** misalignment,often imposed in modern society,disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer.

关键词： shape enable coordinate

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Charlotte's Web

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语数外学习(高中版下旬) 2022年第5期 81-86页

作者： E.b.White

《夏洛的网》是一部描写友情的童话。在朱克曼家的谷仓里，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真挚的友谊。当威尔伯的生命有危险时，看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威尔伯，但这时，蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头……《夏洛的网》是一部可以...

《夏洛的网》是一部描写友情的童话。在朱克曼家的谷仓里，小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真挚的友谊。当威尔伯的生命有危险时，看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威尔伯，但这时，蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头……《夏洛的网》是一部可以与《小王子》相媲美的世界名著。这部作品初次出版于1952年，已有20多种译文，发行近千万册。本文节选自《夏洛的网》第十八章。

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Structure, conductivity, and ion emission properties of RbAg4I5 solid electrolyte film prepared by pulsed laser deposition

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Chinese Physics b 2019年第6期28卷 126-130页

作者： Jun-Lian Chen Wen-bin Zuo Xian-Wen Ke Alexander b Tolstoguzov Can-Xin Tian Neena Devi Ranjana Jha Gennady N Panin De-Jun Fu School of Printing and Packaging Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University A302 Research Bldg.No.6 Aoxin 2nd Rd.Nanshan Hitech ZoneShenzhen 518057China Ryazan State Radio Engineering University Gagarin Str.59/1390005 RyazanRussia School of Physics and Technology Lingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiang 524048China Department of Physics Netaji Subhas Institute of TechnologyUniversity of DelhiDwarka Sector-3New Delhi 110078India Institute of Microelectronics Technology Russian Academy of SciencesChernogolovkaMoscow 142432Russia

We fabricated a silver ion emitter based on the solid state electrolyte film of RbAg4 I5 prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The RbAg4 I5 target for PLD process was mechano-chemically synthesized by high-energy ball milling in Ar atmosphere using β-AgI and RbI as raw materials. The ion-conducting properties of RbAg4 I5 were studied by alternating current(AC) impedance spectroscopy and the ionic conductivity at room temperature was estimated 0.21 S/m. The structure, morphology, and elemental composition of the RbAg4 I5 film were investigated. The Ag+ ion-conducting property of the prepared superioni-conductor film was exploited for ion–beam generation. The temperature and accelerating voltage dependences of the ion current were studied. Few nA current was obtained at the temperature of 196?C and the accelerating voltage of 10 kV.

关键词： RbAg4 I5 ball milling solid state electrolyte film ion–beam source ionic conductivity

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Incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in England and Wales: Changing patterns and ethnic variations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1544-1553页

作者： Nimzing G Ladep Shahid A Khan Mary ME Crossey Andrew V Thillainayagam Simon D Taylor-Robinson Mireille b Toledano Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Imperial College London MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London

AIM: To explore recent trends, modes of diagnosis, ethnic distribution and the mortality to incidence ratio of primary liver cancer by subtypes in England and Wales.

关键词： Primary liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Intrahepatic bile duct England and Wales Ethnicity

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The directions of the national industrial and innovative policy perfection(on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

The directions of the national industrial and innovative pol...

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作者： A.b.Utebaeva S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University(PSU) 140000 PavlodarKazakhstan

During the Kazakhstan independence period the cardinal changes came about in the economy of the country and led to the economical *** admission of the industrial and innovative development strategy was the reason of n...

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DISTRIbUTED NETWORK INFORMATION SERVERS

DISTRIBUTED NETWORK INFORMATION SERVERS

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Sixteenth Congress of the International Union of Crystallography

作者： b.McMahon International Union of Crystallography 5 Abbey SquareChester CH1 2HUEngland

＜正＞It is almost a commonplace in the modem world that valuable and useful data may be accessed and retrieved from databases,file transfer archives and electronic bulletin *** structural data are now archived on the IUCr Editorial computer system,thus making feasible the concept of an electronic journal of *** logical extension of these ideas is the provision of an electronic library,a facility for retrieving diverse information from any of a collection of sites providing data.

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Antimicrobial biomaterials Target Intracellular Infection

Antimicrobial Biomaterials Target Intracellular Infection

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ASTF2023（第五届）抗菌科学与技术论坛

作者： b.Li Department of Orthopaedics School of MedicineWest Virginia University

Open fractures are frequently seen;every year,there are more than150,000 open fractures in the *** fractures are increasingly common because of increased survivability of high energy *** fractures are often linked to infection complications;approximately 10% of open fractures develop a surgical site infection（the highest infection rate among orthopaedic surgical procedures）, with a more than 8% infection rate in open femur fractures and20-35% in open tibia *** fracture infections are a primary cause of morbidity,and lead to reduced limb function,secondary operations,delayed union or nonunion,and *** improvements in surgical technique,systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,and reduced operating times,such infections have been difficult to treat and have frequently resulted in chronic or persistent *** instance,open tibial fracture treatment had high（e.g.,4.2%） chronic infection rates. One theory about bacteria's ability to elude antibiotic treatments and host defenses is that they can "hide" within host *** like Staphylococcus aureus（***）,a major pathogen identified among orthopaedic patients,can internalize and survive within cells such as neutrophils,epithelial cells,endothelial cells,and osteoblasts, and such intracellular bacteria are difficult to treat.9 Unfortunately,the roles of intracellular bacteria in contributing to chronic infections are unknown,and the antibiotics recommended for open fracture infections in the *** many countries have limited activity against intracellular bacteria and therefore may not reduce chronic *** intracellular persistence,infection control and treatments are facing other challenges including biofilm formation,antibiotic resistance,delayed wound healing,*** recent COVID-19 have further reminded us of the challenges in dealing with *** and nanotechnology have inspired excitements in preventing and treating infections,and the most

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Classic axon guidance molecules control correct nerve bridge tissue formation and precise axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 6-9页

作者： Xin-Peng Dun David bParkinson Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Plymouth UniversityPlymouthDevonUK The Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningHubei ProvinceChina

The peripheral nervous system has an astonishing ability to regenerate following a compression or crush injury;however,the potential for full repair following a transection injury is much ***,the major clinical challenge for peripheral nerve repair come from long gaps between the proximal and distal nerve stumps,which prevent regenerating axons reaching the distal *** axon targeting during nervous system development is controlled by families of axon guidance molecules including Netrins,Slits,Ephrins and *** recent studies have indicated key roles of Netrin1,Slit3 and Ephrinb2 signalling in controlling the formation of new nerve bridge tissue and precise axon regeneration after peripheral nerve transection *** the nerve bridge,nerve fibroblasts express Ephrinb2 while migrating Schwann cells express the receptor ***2/Ephb2 signalling between nerve fibroblasts and migrating Schwann cells is required for Sox2 upregulation in Schwann cells and the formation of Schwann cell cords within the nerve bridge to allow directional axon growth to the distal nerve *** in the outermost layer of the nerve bridge express Slit3 while migrating Schwann cells and regenerating axons express the receptor Robo1;within Schwann cells,Robo1 expression is also ***3/Robo1 signalling is required to keep migrating Schwann cells and regenerating axons inside the nerve *** addition to the Slit3/Robo1 signalling system,migrating Schwann cells also express Netrin1 and regenerating axons express the DCC *** appears that migrating Schwann cells could also use Netrin1 as a guidance cue to direct regenerating axons across the peripheral nerve *** neural tissues have been suggested as promising alternatives for the repair of large peripheral nerve ***,understanding the function of classic axon guidance molecules in nerve bridge formation and their roles in axon regeneration could be h

关键词： axonal guidance Ephrinb2 nerve bridge Netrin1 peripheral nerve regeneration Slit3 Sox2 transection injury

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Collecting a comprehensive evidence base to monitor fracture rehabilitation: A case study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期4卷 259-266页

作者： Stuart A Callary Dominic Thewlis Alex V Rowlands David M Findlay Lucian b Solomon Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research The University of Adelaide Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Royal Adelaide Hospital School of Health Sciences University of South Australia

AIM: To determine the feasibility and potential role of combining radiostereometric analysis(RSA), gait analysis and activity monitoring in the follow-up of fracture ***: Two patients with similar 41b3 tibial plateau fractures were treated by open reduction internal fixation augmented with impaction bone grafting and were instructed to partial weight bear to 10 kg for the first six postoperative weeks. Fracture reduction and fixation were assessed by postoperative computer tomographic(CT) scanning. both patients had tantalum markers inserted intra-operatively to monitor their fracture stability during healing using RSA and differentially loaded RSA(DLRSA) at 6 and 12 wk postoperatively. Gait analyses were performed at 1, 2, 6, and 12 wk postoperatively. Activity monitors were worn for 4 wk between the 2 and 6 wk appointments. In addition to gait analysis, knee function was assessed using the patient reported Lysholm scores, and doctor reported knee range of motion and stability, at 6 and 12 wk ***: There were no complications. CT demonstrated that both fractures were reduced anatomically. Gait analysis indicated that Patient 1 bore weight to 60% of body weight at 2 wk postoperative and 100% at 6 wk. Patient 2 bore weight at 10% of body weight to 6 wk and had very low joint contact forces to that time. At 12 wk however, there was no difference between the gait patterns in the two patients. Patient 1 increased activities of moderate-vigorous intensity from 20 to 60 min/d between 2 and 6 postoperative weeks, whereas Patient 2 remained more stable at 20-30 min/d. The Lysholm scores were similar for both patients and did not improve between 6 and 12 wk postoperatively. DLRSA examination at 12 wk showed that both patients were comfortable to weight bear to 80 kg and under this weight the fractures displaced less than 0.4 mm. RSA measurements demonstrated over time fracture migrations of less than 2 mm in both cases. However, Patient 2, who

关键词： Radiostereometric analysis Gait analysis Activity monitoring Rehabilitation protocols Lower

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