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Facies Analysis, Sedimentary Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Carboniferous Deposits of Gachal Formation, Eastern Central Iran (Rahdar Section)

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Open Journal of Geology 2015年第9期5卷 623-636页

作者： Mohammad Javad Javdan Mohammad Nabi Gorgij Javad Shahraki Seyed Mahmood Pahlavan hashemi Seyed Mohsen Kalvandi Seyed Mohammad Kalvandi Eshagh bandani Department of Geology Ferdowsi University Mashhad Iran Department of Geology Siatan and Baluchestan University Zahedan Iran Department of Geology Zahedan Branch Islamic Azad University Zahedan Iran

Early carboniferous deposits of the Kalmard block, with various characteristics in different outcrops, are recognized by Gachal Formation. Generally speaking, this formation comprises of four different members (A, b, C and D), consisting of carbonate and evaporative rocks. Gachal Formation is composed chiefly of 55 meters sandstone and limestone interbedded with shale. According to the lithological and microscopic studies, Gachal Formation is deposited in beach, semi-restricted and open lagoon, shoal and open marine environments. Vertical changes of microfacies and the curve of its depth changes account for the high thickness of the facies of shoal and bar sub-environments and the low thickness of the facies of lagoon and open marine sub-environment as well. Gachal Formation rocks in Rahdar section are deposited in a low-angle?homoclinal ramp?located in southern Paleothysis Ocean. The carbonate-sandstone sequence in?Gachal Formation in Rahdar section is composed of a depositional sequence separated from each other by type 1 sequence boundaries. Deposits of this formation are separated from lower deposits by type 2 sequence boundary and from?Khan Group by unconformity. The sedimentary sequence identified in this formation points to the age of late Visean, conforming to Kaskaskia IV. The erosional boundary between Gachal and Khan Formations is relatively compatible with drop in sea level at Late Kaskaskia global scale.

关键词： Kalmard Lower Carboniferous Gachal Formation Rahdar Section Homoclinal Paleothysis Kaskaskia Khan Group

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Hepatitis b and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第47期21卷 13225-13239页

作者： behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad hashemi bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute University of Toronto Young Researchers and Elite Club Ardabil Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science College of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba University of Manitoba Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Division of Otorhinolaryngology Link?ping University baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (bRCGL) Department of Clinical biochemistry School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology and Organ Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Department of biochemistry National University of Ireland Galway Health Policy Research Centre Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems biology University of Manitoba Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba University of Manitoba

AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis b(HbV) and C(HCV) infected ***: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HbV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HbV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, bIP(GRP78), and XbP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-Hbs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HbV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values bV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected ***: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HbV and HCV induces significant increase(P bVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HbV^(Neg) and HbV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HbVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XbP splicing in HbVinfected cells was significantly higher(P bP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HbV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy,

关键词： Cell fate Cell death Hepatocyte Viralinfection Endoplasmic reticulum stress

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