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What Makes Homeowners Consider Protective Actions to Reduce Disaster Risk?An Application of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Life Course Theory

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第3期12卷 312-325页

作者： Alexia Stock Rachel A.Davidson Joseph E.Trainor Rachel Slotter Linda K.Nozick Jamie b.Kruse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19711USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Public Policy and Administration University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA Disaster Science and Management University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Economics East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA

We hypothesize that for disaster risk mitigation,many households,despite being aware of their risk and possible mitigation actions,never seriously consider doing anything about *** mitigation-focused decisions,since there is no equivalent to warning messages,the decision process is likely to evolve over an extended *** explore what activates hurricane mitigation protective action decisions through three research questions:(1)to what extent are homeowners unengaged in protective action decision making?(2)What homeowner characteristics are associated with lack of engagement?And(3)to what extent do different life events trigger engagement in the decision-making process?We use the Precaution Adoption Process Model to conceptualize engagement as distinct from decision making;the broader protective action decision-making literature to explore drivers of engagement;and Life Course Theory to examine potential transitions from unengaged to *** use survey data of homeowners in North Carolina to examine these questions *** suggest that one-third of respondents had never engaged in protective action decisions,that life experiences differ in their occurrence frequency and effect on households’mitigation decisions,and that some events,such as renovating,reroofing,or purchasing a home may offer critical moments that could be leveraged to encourage greater engagement in mitigation decision making.

关键词： Homeowners Hurricane damage Life course theory Mitigation decisions North Carolina Protective action

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Long-Term Cropping System, Tillage, and Poultry Litter Application Affect the Chemical Properties of an Alabama Ultisol

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 180-194页

作者： Zhongqi HE Irenus A.TAZISONG Xinhua YIN Dexter b.WATTS Zachary N.SENWO Henry Allen TORbERT United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Southern Regional Research Center Department of biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Department of Plant Sciences University of Tennessee United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) National Soil Dynamics Laboratory

Sustainable agricultural practices have been steadily increasing in the last couple of decades. These management practices frequently involve cover crops, less or no-tillage, and organic fertilization. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cropping systems,tillage and no-tillage, and the application of poultry litter(PL) on selected soil physicochemical properties and soil test nutrients. Soil samples were collected from the topmost surface(0–5 cm) and subsurface(5–10 cm) layers. The general effect trend was PL application > no-tillage > cover crop > cropping type. There were more statistically significant(P ≤ 0.05) correlations between the 18 soil attributes at the topmost surface than at the subsurface. This could be due to the accumulation of external C inputs and nutrients by crop residues and PL application as well as the retaining effects of no-tillage on less mobile nutrient components. because of their high mobility and volatile nature, total nitrogen(N), ammonia-N(NH_4^+-N), and nitrate-N(NO_3^--N) levels varied greatly(high standard deviations), showing no consistent patterns among the treatments. Compared to the soybean cropping system, corn, especially with the wheat cover crop, contributed more to the total carbon(C) and sulfur(S) in the topmost surface soils(0–5 cm). Poultry litter application greatly increased pH, cation exchange capacity(CEC), base saturation, magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca),sodium(Na), potassium(K), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn) in both soil layers. Contrast comparisons revealed that PL application had more of an effect on these soil chemical properties than no-tillage and cropping systems. These results will shed light on developing better nutrient management practices while reducing their runoff potentials.

关键词： conventional tillage cover crop Mehlich-3 extraction no-tillage nutrient management practice organic fertilization soil attributes soil test nutrients

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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to parenchymal hemorrhage and necrosis in the remnant liver after extended hepatectomy in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第19期18卷 2320-2333页

作者： Norifumi Ohashi Tomohide Hori Florence Chen Sura Jermanus Christopher b Eckman Akimasa Nakao Shinji Uemoto Justin H Nguyen Gastroenterological Surgery Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaAichi 466-8550Japan Divisions of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Transplant and Pediatric SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto 606-8507Japan Department of Neuroscience Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Division of Transplant Surgery Department of TransplantationMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

AIM:To investigate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) on the remnant liver after massive hepatectomy in the ***:Age-matched,C57bL/6 wild-type(WT),MMP-9(-/-),and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMP)-1(-/-) mice were *** mice received 80%-partial hepatectomy(PH).Samples were obtained at 6 h after 80%-PH,and we used histology,immunohistochemical staining,western blotting analysis and zymography to investigate the effect of PH on *** role of MMP-9 after PH was investigated using a monoclonal antibody and MMP ***:We examined the remnant liver 6 h after 80%-PH and found that MMP-9 deficiency attenuated the formation of hemorrhage and *** were significantly fewer and smaller hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in MMP-9(-/-) remnant livers compared with WT and TIMP-1(-/-) livers(P between WT and TIMP-1(-/-) *** alanine aminotransaminase levels were significantly lower in MMP-9(-/-) mice compared with those in TIMP-1(-/-) mice(WT:476 ± 83 IU/L,MMP-9(-/-):392 ± 30 IU/L,TIMP-1(-/-):673 ± 73 IU/L,P blotting and gelatin zymography demonstrated a lack of MMP-9 expression and activity in MMP-9(-/-) mice,which was in contrast to WT and TIMP-1(-/-) *** change in MMP-2 expression was observed in any of the study *** to MMP-9(-/-) mice,when WT mice were treated with MMP-9 monoclonal antibody or the synthetic inhibitor GM6001,hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions were significantly smaller and fewer than in control mice(P bition attenuates the formation of hemorrhage and necrosis and might be a potential therapy to ameliorate liver injury after massive hepatectomy.

关键词：基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂部分肝切除坏死性小鼠出血 MMP-9 TIMP-1 免疫组织化学染色

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Gas-Solution Interface Technique as a simple method to produce inorganic microtubes with scroll morphology

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第3期30卷 279-288页

作者： Larisa b.Gulina Valeri P.Tolstoy Alexander A.Solovev Vladislav E.Gurenko Gaoshan Huang Yongfeng Mei Department of Solid State Chemistry Saint-Petersburg State University Department of Materials Science Fudan University

Over the past decade, numerous studies have dealt with new properties of inorganic nanomaterials with improved characteristics due to a particular morphology, and new facile methods to produce such materials have been reported. Inorganic microtubes can be designed for multifunctional materials with highly specific surface area. These microtubes can act as individual on-chip components of miniature devices or off-chip micromachines. The paper first discusses the main regularities of the reactions at the gas-solution interface and then goes on to present the basic principles of the Gas-Solution Interface Technique(GSIT), thus demonstrating a new way of facile synthesis of inorganic rolled-up microtubes. A distinctive feature of the technique is the formation of a gradient solid layer on the surface of the aqueous solution as a result of the gaseous and liquid reagents interaction. When dried in the air, this thin layer is capable of self-folding into microtubes with specific morphology. The paper considers the specific features of microtubes obtained by GSIT from numerous classes of inorganic compounds, including oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, fluorides. Further areas of possible practical applications of GSIT microtubes are discussed. The prospects of future development of the GSIT are outlined.

关键词： Interface Rolled-up microtubes 2D nanocrystals Inorganic machines Nanomaterials

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Developing a bacteriophage cocktail for biocontrol of potato bacterial wilt

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第6期32卷 476-484页

作者： Cuihua Wei Junli Liu Alice Nyarnbura Maina Francis b Mwaura Junping Yu Chenghui Yan Ruofang Zhang Hongping Wei Key Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens and biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering&Technology Research Center Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China University of Nairobi Nairobi 00100Kenya Technical University of Kenya Nairobi 00200Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Nairobi 00200Kenya

bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of potato and can cause an 80% production loss. To control wilt using bacteriophage therapy, we isolated and characterized twelve lytic bacteriophages from different water sources in Kenya and China. based on the lytic curves of the phages with the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, one optimal bacteriophage cocktail, P1, containing six phage isolations was formulated and used for studying wilt prevention and treatment efficiency in potato plants growing in pots. The preliminary tests showed that the phage cocktail was very effective in preventing potato bacterial wilt by injection of the phages into the plants or decontamination of sterilized soil spiked with R. solanacearum. Eighty percent of potato plants could be protected from the bacterial wilt(caused by R. solanacearum reference strain GIM1.74 and field isolates), and the P1 cocktail could kill 98% of live bacteria spiked in the sterilized soil at one week after ***, the treatment efficiencies of P1 depended on the timing of application of the phages, the susceptibility of the plants to the bacterial wilt, as well as the virulence of the bacteria infected,suggesting that it is important to apply the phage therapy as soon as possible once there are early signs of the bacterial wilt. These results provide the basis for the development of bacteriophagebased biocontrol of potato bacterial wilt as an alternative to the use of antibiotics.

关键词： Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt potato bacteriophage therapy

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Responses of ground-dwelling spiders to four hedgerow species on sloped agricultural fields in Southwest China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第3期19卷 337-346页

作者： Yuhong Wu a, Qingnian Cai b, Chaowen Lin c, Yibing Chenc, Yuying Lid, Xu Cheng b,* a College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, beijing 100193, China b College of Agriculture and biotechnology, China Agricultural University, beijing 100193, China c Institute of Soils and Fertilizers, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China d College of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China College of Agriculture and biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Institute of Soils and Fertilizers Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610066 China College of Life Science and Technology Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 China

Spiders are important predators in agroecosystems and contribute to the control of agricultural pest populations. Habitat manage- ment such as the creation of new semi-natural habitats around or within fields enhances spider abundance and species diversity. Using pitfall traps, we investigated the effects of four hedgerow plant species, which serve as undisturbed and permanent semi-natural habitats, on ground-dwelling spider activity density (a parameter of population density and relative activity) and species richness. Samples were collected over two winter wheat and two summer maize growing seasons during 2005-2007 in trial field 1 (slope gradient of 20%) and field 2 (slope gradient of 12%) at the Ziyang Experimental Site in Sichuan Province, China. The hedgerow species evaluated were Amorpha fruticosa (field 1), Vetiveria zizanioides (field 1), Eulaliopsis binata (field 2), and Medicago sativa (field 2). Compared to control plots, hedgerow plots had significantly higher activity density and species richness of ground-dwelling spiders within strips in both fields 1 and 2 during the wheat growing season. The presence of hedgerow strips did not augment the activity density and species richness of ground-dwelling spiders within the crop fields during the wheat or maize growing seasons. The ground-dwelling spider activity density within hedgerow strips was significantly higher in the Vetiveria than in the Amorpha plots and in the Medicago than in the Eulaliopsis plots, and the species richness was significantly higher in the Vetiveria than in the Amorpha plots during the wheat season. Our results suggest that hedgerows may serve as important overwintering sites for ground-dwelling spiders during the wheat growing season. In addition, the diversification of agroecosystems by using hedgerow strips may be a viable strategy for maintaining ground-dwelling spider populations in agricultural areas. However, ground-dwelling spiders did not move into adjacent crop fields; the

关键词： Activity density Araneae Ground-dwelling Hedgerow Pitfall trapping Species richness

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High Phenotypic Variation in Morus alba L. along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Indian Trans-Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 446-455页

作者： Prabodh K. bAJPAI Ashish R. WARGHAT Ashish YADAV Anil KANT Ravi b. SRIVASTAVA Tsering STObDAN Defence Institute of High Altitude Research DRDO Leh Jammu and Kashmir 194101 India Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat Solan Himachal Pradesh 173215 India

Ten quantitative morphological characters were studied in 56 Morus alba L. trees representing three natural populations from the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. The altitude of collection sites ranged from 2815 to 3177 m above the sea level(asl). Coefficient of variation(CV) showed high phenotypic variation in M. alba. Linear regression analysis revealed that leaf and fruit size decreases with an increase in altitude. High CV was observed for leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, internodal distance, number of nodes, bud length, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. Similarly, a high phenotypic plasticity index was observed for bud length, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area, inter-nodal distance, number of nodes, fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight. For every 100 m increase in altitude, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area decreased by 1 cm, 0.8 cm and 16.6 cm2, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a predominant altitudinal effect on the morphological characters in comparison to the population effect. A small change in the altitude caused significant change in the plant morphological characteristics. The present investigation represents to our knowledge the first study addressing phenotypic variation in mulberryalong an altitudinal gradient.

关键词：海拔梯度表型变异喜马拉雅桑白皮印度形态特征线性回归分析果实大小

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Dynamic materials fabricated from water soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing triethylene oxide groups

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第2期30卷 271-276页

作者： Tangxin Xiao Ling Zhou Lixiang Xu Weiwei Zhong Wei Zhao Xiao-Qiang Sun Robert b.P.Elmes School of Petrochemical Engineering Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University Department of Chemistry Maynooth University National University of Ireland

Pillar[n]arenes are a new kind of supramolecular macrocyclic hosts which have developed rapidly due to their unique topology and high functionality, giving rise to many applications in the construction of interesting and functional materials. Among them, water-soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing triethylene oxide (TEO) chains have drawn increasing research interest due to their advantageous properties. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of dynamic materials fabricated from water soluble pillar[n]arenes bearing TEO groups, including thermo responsive materials with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, cyclic host liquids, and smart windows. It is anticipated that more and more ‘smart' supramolecular materials based on modified pillar[n]arenes will be developed in this burgeoning area of research.

关键词： Pillar[n]arenes Host-guest interactions LCST Thermoresponsive materials Smart window

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妊娠期高血压后遵循医师优化的自我管理长期血压控制:医生优化产后高血压治疗(POP-HT)随机临床试验

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中华高血压杂志（中英文） 2024年第2期32卷 179-179页

作者：袁源(译) 郑武洪(审校) 不详

妊娠期高血压可致不良心脏重构,晚年高血压和心血管疾病风险升高。本研究旨在探究设计一种实现更好血压控制的产后干预方案,能否比常规门诊护理在产后头9月期间获得更低的血压。设计、设置和参与者:在英国一家医院中设计随机、开放标签... 详细信息

妊娠期高血压可致不良心脏重构,晚年高血压和心血管疾病风险升高。本研究旨在探究设计一种实现更好血压控制的产后干预方案,能否比常规门诊护理在产后头9月期间获得更低的血压。设计、设置和参与者:在英国一家医院中设计随机、开放标签、盲法、终点试验。纳入年龄≥18岁,妊娠子痫前期或妊娠期高血压后,产后出院需要降压药治疗的女性为研究对象。

关键词：妊娠期高血压随机临床试验血压控制降压药治疗门诊护理心脏重构高血压治疗盲法

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Performance evaluation of residential buildings in public housing estates in 0gun State, Nigeria： Users＇ satisfaction perspective

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第2期2卷 178-190页

作者： Eziyi Offia Ibem Akunnaya P. Opoko Albert b. Adeboye Dolapo Amole Department of Architecture Covenant University Ogun State 110001 Nigeria Department of Architecture Obafemi Awolowo University Osun State 220005 Nigeria

This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users＇ satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure of the performance of residential buildings in meeting their needs and expectations. A cross sectional survey of 452 household heads in nine public housing estates was conducted in the study area. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and observation schedule; and were subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. A mean satisfaction score of 3.21 was observed; indicating that the respondents were generally satisfied with the performance of the different components of the buildings. Satisfaction levels were generally higher with privacy and sizes of living and sleeping areas than the availability of water and electricity in the buildings. The type, location and aesthetic appearance as well as size of main activity areas were the most predominant factors that determined satisfaction and indeed the performance of the buildings in meeting users＇ needs and expectations. The paper highlights critical areas where attention is needed in order to improve the performance of residential buildings and users＇ satisfaction with public housing projects in Nigeria.

关键词： buiLding performance User satisfaction Residential buildings Urban areas Ogun State

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