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biodegradation of Crude Oil in Contaminated Soils by Free and Immobilized Microorganisms

Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 717-725页

作者： WANG Zhen-Yu XU Ying WANG Hao-Yun ZHAO Jian GAO Dong-Mei LI Feng-Min b. XING College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 (China) College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 (China) Chemical and Mineral Metal Material Testing Center Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Tianjin 300456 (China) Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 (USA)

The effciencies of free and immobilized bacterial cultures of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders were evaluated and compared in this study. Hydrocarbon-degrading microbial communities with high tolerance to and high degrading ability of crude oil were obtained from the soil contaminated with crude oil in the Yellow River Delta. Then, the microbial cells were immobilized in sodium alginate (SA) beads and sodium alginate-diatomite (SAD) beads. The biodegradation of crude oil in soil by immobilized cells was compared with that by free cells at three inoculation concentrations, 1 × 104 colony forming units (cfu) kg-1 (low concentration, L), 5 × 104 cfu kg-1 (medium concentration, M), and 1 × 105 cfu kg-1 (high concentration, H). At 20 d after inoculation, the maximum degradation rate in the immobilized systems reached 29.8% (SAD-M), significantly higher (P beads showed greater degradation than the SA beads. Moreover, both microbial populations and total microbial activity reached significantly higher level (P bilized systems than free cell systems at a same initial inoculation amount. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images also confirmed the advantages of the immobilized microstructure of SAD beads. The enhanced degradation and bacterial growth in the SAD beads indicated the high potential of SAD beads as an effective option for bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils in the Yellow River Delta.

关键词：固定化微生物生物降解原油污染污染土壤游离细胞黄河三角洲地区扫描电子显微镜细胞固定

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Coastal erosion in China under the condition of global climate change and measures for its prevention

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第4期19卷 415-426页

作者： Feng Caia, Xianze Su a, Jianhui Liub, bing Li b, Gang Lei a a Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China b College of Marine Geo-Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China College of Marine Geo-Science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

The general characteristics of coastal erosion in China are described in terms of the regional geography, the form of erosion, the causes of erosion, and the challenges we are facing. The paper highlights the relationship between coastal erosion and sea level rises, storm waves and tides, and the influence of global climate changes on coastal erosion along the coastal zone of China. The response of the risk of coastal erosion in China to climate changes has obvious regional diversity. Research into and the forecasting of the effects of climate changes on coastal erosion are systemic work involving the natural environment, social economy, and alongshore engineering projects in the global system. Facing global warming and continual enhancement of coastal erosion, suggestions for basic theoretical study, prevention technology, management system assurance, and strengthening the legal system are presented here.

关键词： Global climate changes Sea level rise Coastal erosion China

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Temperature and composition dependent screw dislocation mobility in austenitic stainless steels from large-scale molecular dynamics

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 176-185页

作者： Kevin Chu Michael E.Foster Ryan b.Sills Xiaowang Zhou Ting Zhu David L.McDowell School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaAtlantaGA 30332USA Sandia National Laboratories LivermoreCA 94550USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08854USA Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Extensive molecular dynamics simulations are performed to determine screw dislocation mobility in austenitic Fe_(0.7)NixCr_(0.3-x) stainless steels as a function of temperature ranging from 100 to 1300 K,resolved shear stress from 30 to 140 MPa,and Ni composition from 0.0 to 30.0 at%.These mobility data are fitted to a linear mobility law with a nonzero stress offset,referred to as the threshold *** find that both the linear drag coefficient and the threshold stress increase with Ni *** drag coefficient increases with temperature,whereas the threshold stress decreases with *** on these calculations,we determine fitting functions for the linear solute drag coefficient as a function of temperature and *** mobility laws determined in this study may serve to inform dislocation dynamics simulations pertinent to dislocation network evolution at elevated temperatures for a wide composition range of austenitic stainless steels.

关键词： austenitic dislocation dynamics

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AN AUTOMATED REFERENCE POINT-LIKE APPROACH FOR MULTICRITERIA SHORTEST PATH PRObLEMS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第3期15卷 314-329页

作者： Joo C. N.CLíMACO José M.F.CRAVEIRINHA Marta M.b.PASCOAL Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra Avenida Dias da Silva 165 3004-512 CoimbraPortugal.Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-CoimbraRua Antero de Quental 199 3000-033 Coimbra Portugal Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Coimbra Rua Antero de Quental 199 3000-033 Coimbra Portugal.Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e ComputadoresPolo II da Universidade de Coimbra Pinhal de Marrocos3030-290 CoimbraPortugal Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Coimbra Rua Antero de Quental 1993000-033 CoimbraPortugal.Departamento de MatemáticaPolo I da Universidade de CoimbraApartado 30083001-454 CoimbraPortugal

In this paper we introduce a method of analysis for the automated ordenng and selection or solutions of a multicriteria shortest path model. The method is based on a reference point approach, where the paths in a specific priority region are ranked by non-decreasing order of a Chebyshev metric. In order to list paths according with this objective function a labelling algorithm is proposed. The developed method is applied in a video-traffic routing context. Computational results are presented and analysed, for randomly generated networks of significant dimension.

关键词： Routing automated decision multicriteria reference point

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Microstructure evolution and hot deformation behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced 2009Al composite with bimodal grain structure

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第11期70卷 73-82页

作者： K.Ma Z.Y.Liu S.bi X.X.Zhang b.L.Xiao Z.Y.Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China72 Wenhua RoadShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin541004China

The hot deformation behaviors of the bimodal carbon nanotube reinforced 2009Al(CNT/2009Al)composite were studied by establishing processing map and characterizing the microstructure *** results indicate that the grain size in the ultra-fine grained zones was stable during hot deformation,while the coarse grained zones were elongated with their long axis directions tending to be perpendicular to the compression *** temperature with high strain rate(LTHR),as well as high temperature with low strain rate(HTLR)could increase the length/width ratio of the coarse grained ***,LTHR and HTLR could cause the instable *** instable deformation at LTHR was induced by severe intragranular plastic deformation and the localized shear crack,while the instable deformation at HTLR resulted from the more deformation component at the coarse grained zones,and the micro-pore initiation due to CNT re-agglomeration at the boundaries between the coarse and the ultra-fine grained zones.

关键词： Carbon nanotube bimodal Aluminum matrix composite Hot deformation Processing map

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Effects of porosity and pore size on the compressive properties of closed-cell Mg alloy foam

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2013年第4期1卷 330-335页

作者： X.C.Xia X.W.Chen Z.Zhang X.Chen W.M.Zhao b.Liao b.Hur School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China School of Nano’Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Gyeongsang National University of South KoreaSouth Korea

In our current work,AZ31 magnesium alloy foams with closed-cell were successfully fabricated by melt foaming method using Ca and CaCO3 as thickening and blowing agent,*** influences of porosity and pore size on the quasi-static compressive properties of the foams were systematically *** results showed that the yield strength,energy absorption capacity and ideality energy absorption efficiency were decreased with the increase in ***,specimens with porosities of 60%,65%and 70%possessed similar total energy absorption capacity and ideality energy absorption ***,experimental results showed that mean plateau strength of the foams was increased first and then decreased with increase in mean pore *** addition,energy absorption capacities were almost the same in the initial stage,while the differences were obvious in the middle *** the engineering point of view,the specimens with mean pore size of 1.5 mm possess good combination of mean plateau strength and energy absorption characteristics under the present conditions.

关键词： Metal foam Melt forming method Mg alloy foam Compressive property

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An ant colony algorithm for solving Max-cut problem

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第9期18卷 1173-1178页

作者： Lin Gaoa,, Yan Zeng b, Anguo Dong a,c a School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China b Computer Science Department, Xi’an Institute of Post & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710061, China c School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xi’an 710071 China Computer Science Department Xi’an Institute of Post & Telecommunications Xi’an 710061 China School of Science Chang’an University Xi’an 710064 China

Max-cut problem is an NP-complete and classical combinatorial optimization problem that has a wide range of applications in dif-ferent domains, such as bioinformatics, network optimization, statistical physics, and very large scale integration *** this paper we investigate the capabilities of the ant colony optimization (ACO) heuristic for solving the Max-cut problem and present an AntCut algo-rithm.A large number of simulation experiments show that the algorithm can solve the Max-cut problem more eficiently and efiectively.

关键词： Ant colony optimization Max-cut problem Algorithm

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Study of the Superficial Modification of Sisal Fibres with Lignin, and Its Use As a Reinforcement Agent in Cementitious Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第8期8卷 891-903页

作者： Plínio b.Mundim Rondinele A.R.Ferreira Leila A.C.Motta Mariana A.Henrique Daniel Pasquini College of Civil Engineering Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia38400-902Brazil Chemistry Institute Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia38400-902Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate different superficial treatments of sisal fibres employing lignin,and their use as a reinforcement agent in cementitious *** treatments consisted of superficially impregnating sisal fibres(S)with organosolv lignin(LO),organosolv lignin and glutaraldehyde(LOG),Kraft lignin(LK)and Kraft lignin and glutaraldehyde(LKG).The fibre modifications were verified by FTIR-ATR and SEM analyzes,and the presence of lignin on the surface of the fibres was evidenced,confirming the effectiveness of the *** mechanical,thermal(by TGA)and water absorption properties of the fibres before and after the modifications were also *** treatment,the modified fibres presented an expressive reduction of the water absorption and did not show significant changes in the mechanical properties when compared with the natural unmodified sisal fibre(SNAT).It was verified an increase in the thermal stability of the treated fibres which can be attributed to the insertion of lignin on the *** evaluate the performance of the fibres in the cementitious composites,cement plates(CP)were produced with different treated fibres(CP-SLOG,CP-SLO,CP-SLKG,CP-SLK)and fibres without treatment(CP-SNAT).The composites were evaluated concerning to the water absorption,porosity and mechanical *** fractured regions were also investigated by *** composites prepared showed similar values of absorption and porosity *** the mechanical properties,the composites prepared with modified fibres showed a significant increase in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity compared with CP-SNAT,while toughness was similar to all *** the SEM images,it was observed that the modified fibres immersed in the cementitious plates showed no degradation,indicating that the impregnation of lignin acted as a protective agent of the ***,the treatments of the fibres with lignin led to a significant improvement in th

关键词： Cementitious composites sisal lignin surface modification

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Progress in studies of the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in early-mid Holocene

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1459-1464页

作者： Jianbin Huang~a Shaowu Wang~a Xinyu Wen~a bao Yang~b a Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,beijing 100871,China b Laboratory for Desert and Desertification,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Laboratory for Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Studies on the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in the early-mid Holocene are reviewed in this paper. High-resolution proxy data indicated that the African Humid Period,strong summer monsoon from the Arabian Sea to South Asia, northward migration of ITCZ (lntertropical Convergence Zone) over the northern South America,and the humid period of China appeared in 10.5-5.5 kabP,10.0-6.0 kabP,10.5 5.4 kabP,and 11.0-8.0 kabP,*** studies proved that summer inso- lation over the Northern Hemisphere increased following the changes of precession in the early Holocene,which increased the land-sea temperature contrasts,intensified the summer monsoon circulation in the Northern Hemisphere,and finally induced a humid climate over the area under the influence of summer ***,modeling results underestimated the increase of precipitation and the degree of northward extension of monsoon rain belt compared with palaeo-environmental *** discrepancies between the modeling results and the palaeo-environmental data may be associated with the changes of North Atlantic circulation,sea ice and veg- etation ***,climate of the humid period was not stable,in which several droughts were inlaid on centennial *** this review,perspectives for further studies of the climate change of the humid period in the early-mid Holocene are also proposed.

关键词： Holocene Humid period Precession Summer monsoon

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Impact of Low-Impact Development Technologies from an Ecological Perspective in Different Residential Zones of the City of Atlanta, Georgia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 30-35页

作者： Zackery b. Morris Stephen M. Malone Abigail R. Cohen Marc J. Weissburg bert bras George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 USA School of biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

低影响开发(LID)技术在减少水的使用和雨水径流方面有很大的应用潜力,因此被认为在对传统的水利基础设施的改善方面起到可持续性的作用。这些技术包括生物凝集区、雨水收集和干湿法,所有这些都可以在居住区使用。在亚特兰大市,居民用水... 详细信息

低影响开发(LID)技术在减少水的使用和雨水径流方面有很大的应用潜力,因此被认为在对传统的水利基础设施的改善方面起到可持续性的作用。这些技术包括生物凝集区、雨水收集和干湿法,所有这些都可以在居住区使用。在亚特兰大市,居民用水占总用水量的53%,因此,居住区对LID技术的实施具有重要的潜在影响力。本研究通过对自然生态系统的类比,从生态学角度分析了亚特兰大城市不同居住区内LID策略的使用情况。分析表明这些技术,特别是随着灰水系统的加入,在这些生态指标的基础上,改进了传统的住宅水网。较高的指标表明,改进后的指标与健康的自然生态系统的平衡程度更高。

关键词：可持续改进水基础设施施工方案施工管理

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