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Plant Programmed Cell Death Caused by an Autoactive Form of Prf Is Suppressed by Co-Expression of the Prf LRR Domain

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1058-1067页

作者： Xinran Du Min Miao Xinrong Ma Yongsheng Liu Joseph C. Kuhl Gregory b. Martin Fangming Xiao Department of Plant. Soil and Entomoloqical Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844. USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for bio-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Chengdu Institute of biology Chinese Academia of Sciences Chengdu 610064 China School of biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In tomato, the NbARC-LRR resistance （R） protein Prf acts in concert with the Pto or Fen kinase to determine immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato （Pst）. Prf-mediated defense signaling is initiated by the recognition of two sequence-unrelated Pst-secreted effector proteins, AvrPto and AvrPtob, by tomato Pto or Fen. Prf detects these inter- actions and activates signaling leading to host defense responses including localized programmed cell death （PCD） that is associated with the arrest of Pst growth. We found that Prf variants with single amino acid substitutions at D1416 in the IHD motif （isoleucine-histidine-aspartic acid） in the NbARC domain cause effector-independent PCD when transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting D1416 plays an important role in activation of Prf. The N-ter- minal region of Prf （NPrf） and the LRR domain are required for this autoactive Prf cell death signaling but dispensable for accumulation of the PrfD1416V protein. Significantly, co-expression of the Prf LRR but not NPrf, with PrfD1416v, AvrPto/Pto, AvrPtob/Pto, an autoactive form of Pro （PtoY207D）, or Fen completely suppresses PCD. However, the Prf LRR does not in- terfere with PCD caused by Rpi-blblD475v a distinct R protein-mediated PCD signaling event, or that caused by overex- pression of MAPKKKα, a protein acting downstream of Prf. Furthermore, we found the PrfD1416V protein is unable to accumulate in plant cells when co-expressed with the Prf LRR domain, likely explaining the cell death suppression. The mechanism for the LRR-induced degradation of PrfD1416V is unknown but may involve interference in the intramo- lecular interactions of Prf or to binding of the unattached LRR to other host proteins that are needed for Prf stability.

关键词： NbARC-LRR resistance protein Prf Pto Fen AvrPto AvrPtob cell death.

Ultrasonic excitation induced nanocrystallization and toughening of Zr46.75Cu46.75Al6.5 bulk metallic glass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 157-161页

作者： W.Zhai L.H.Nie X.D.Hui Y.Xiao T.Wang b.Wei School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Intensive power ultrasound is introduced to Zr46.75Cu46.75Al6.5bulk metallic glass(bMG)as an easy-procurable,non-destructive physical method to modulate its atomic rearrangement and shear deformation *** microstructure after ultrasonic excitation with amplitude about 15μm in 20 k Hz for 2 h is characterized by large amount of Cu10Zr7 nanocrystals with size of 20–50 nm embedded in the glass *** leads to a sharp increase in the critical stress for the first pop-in event of shear banding,and thus simultaneously improves both compressive plasticity and yield *** findings provide a novel approach for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma.

关键词： bulk metallic glass Nanocrystallization Plasticity Toughness Ultrasound

STUDY ON GREY FORECASTING MODEL OF COPPER EXTRACTION RATE WITH bIOLEACHING OF PRIMARY SULFIDE ORE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第2期20卷 117-128页

作者： A.X. Wu Y. Xi b.H. Yang X.S. Chen H.C. Jiang Civil ＆ Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China China Nonferrous Engineering and Research Institute Beijing 100038 China School of Resources ＆ Safety Central South University Changsha 410083 China

A model GM （grey model）（1,1） for forecasting the rate of copper extraction during the bioleaching of primary sulphide ore was established on the basis of the mathematical theory and the modeling process of grey system theory. It was used for forecasting the rate of copper extraction from the primary sulfide ore during a laboratory microbial column leaching experiment. The precision of the forecasted results were examined and modified via ＂posterior variance examination＂. The results show that the forecasted values coincide with the experimental values. GM （1,1） model has high forecast accuracy; and it is suitable for simulation control and prediction analysis of the original data series of the processes that have grey characteristics, such as mining, metallurgical and mineral processing, etc. The leaching rate of such copper sulphide ore is low. The grey forecasting result indicates that the rate of copper extraction is approximately 20% even after leaching for six months.

关键词： primary copper sulfide ore bioleaching extraction rate grey theory forecasting model

Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Histone Gene AtHTA1 Enhances Rice Transformation Efficiency

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 832-837页

作者： Ye Zheng Xiao-Wei He Ying-Hui Ying Jiang-Feng Lu Stanton b. Gelvin Hui-Xia Shou State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Yuhangtanghe Road 368 Hangzhou 310058 China Department of biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-1392 USA

We expressed the Arabidopsis thaliana histone AtHTA1 in rice under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. Transformation efficiencies of rice plants that constitutively expressed AtHTA 1 were 28-44% higher than calli containing an empty vector control. Furthermore, co-infection of rice calli with a vector containing AtHTA 1 and another vector with the target gene increased transformation by 27-50%. Thus, expression of AtHTA 1 either transiently or in stably transformed cells improved rice transformation efficiency.

关键词： Arabidopsis histone H2A Agrobacterium rice transformation.

Diversity, composition and host-species relationships of epiphytic orchids and ferns in two forests in Nepal

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山地科学学报（英文） 2017年第6期14卷 1065-1075页

作者： Yagya P. ADHIKARI Anton FISCHER Hagen S.FISCHER Maan b.ROKAYA Prakash bHATTARAI Axel GRUPPE Geobotany Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management Technische Universitat Munchen Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 85354 Freising Germany Institute of botany Czech Academy of Sciences Zamek 1 CZ-252 43 Pruhonice Czech Republic Department of biodiversity Research Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Belidla 4a 60300 Brno Czech Republic Department of biology University of Bergen Postholes 7803 N-5020 Bergen Norway Zoology - Entomology Department of Animal Science Technische Universitat Munchen Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 85354 Freising Germany

Epiphytic plant species are an important part of biological diversity. It is therefore essential to understand the distribution pattern and the factors influencing such patterns. The present study is aimed at observing the patterns of species richness, abundances and species composition of epiphytic orchids and ferns in two subtropical forests in Nepal. We also studied the relationship of host plants(Schima wallichii and Quercus lanata) and epiphyte species. Data were collected in Naudhara community forest(CF) and the national forest(NF) in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate tests. In total, we recorded 41 species of epiphytes(33 orchid and 8 fern species). Orchid species abundance is significantlyhigher in CF compared to NF. Orchid species richness and abundance increased with increasing southern aspect whereas it decreased with increasing canopy cover, and fern species richness increased with host bark roughness. Orchid abundance was positively correlated with increasing bark p H, stem size, tree age and tree height and negatively correlated with increasing steepness of the area. Likewise, fern abundances were high in places with high canopy cover, trees that were tall and big, but decreased with increasing altitude and southern aspect. The composition of the orchid and fern species was affected by altitude, aspect, canopy cover, DbH, number of forks and forest management types. We showed that the diversity of orchid and fern epiphytes is influenced by host characteristics as well as host types. The most important pre-requisite for a high epiphyte biodiversity is the presence of oldrespectively tall trees, independent of the recent protection status. This means:(i) for protection, *** the frame of the national park declaration, such areas should be used which host such old tall trees;and(ii) also in managed forests and even in intensively used landscapes epiphytes can be protected by letting a certain numb

关键词：亚热带森林生物多样性蕨类植物附生植物兰科植物寄主关系组成部分尼泊尔

Impact of Long-Term Alfalfa Cropping on Soil Potassium Content and Clay Minerals in a Semi-Arid Loess Soil in China

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 522-531页

作者： LI De-Cheng b. VELDE LI Feng-Min ZHANG Gan-Lin ZHAO Ming-Song HUANG Lai-Ming State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Laboratoire de Gdologie CNRS UMR 8538 Ecole Normal Superieure 24 rue Lhomond 75231 Paris (France) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland'Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 (China)

Alfalfa cropping has been considered an efficient method of increasing soil *** nitrogen increase in root nodules is considered to be the major beneficial effect.A 21-year time series (five sampling periods) of alfalfa cultivation plots on a loess soil,initially containing illite and chlorite,in Lanzhou of northwestern China was selected to investigate the relationships among alfalfa cropping,soil potassium (K) content and soil clay *** results indicated that soil K significantly accumulated after cropping,with a peak value at about 15 years,and decreased *** accumulated K was associated with the K increase in the well-crystallized illite,which was not extracted by the traditional laboratory K extraction methods in assessing *** steep decline in soil K content after 15-year cropping was in accord with the observed fertility loss in the alfalfa *** biomass productivity peaked at near 9 years of culture,whereas soil K and clay minerals continued to increase until cropping for 15 *** suggested that K increased in the topsoil came from the deep root *** alfalfa continued to store K in clays even after peak production *** did not follow these trends,showing a general decline compared with the native prairie soils that had not been ***,the traditional alfalfa cropping can increase K content in the topsoil.

关键词：土壤钾含量紫花苜蓿粘土矿物中国西北裁剪黄土半干旱土壤钾素

PVD-TiN不连续结构涂层的摩擦行为和切削性能(英文)

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第4期40卷 580-584页

作者： Soroka E Lyashenko b 乔生儒张程煜乌克兰科学院强度问题研究所西北工业大学超高温结构复合材料科技重点实验室陕西西安710072

在工具钢表面采用电弧蒸发物理气相沉积TiN涂层中,将不锈钢编织网置于基底和蒸发源之间,以得到不连续的TiN涂层。检验了无涂层、连续涂层和不连续涂层3种表面状态的性能,其中在室温和200°C下做了无润滑和润滑条件下的盘-块和球-盘滑动... 详细信息

在工具钢表面采用电弧蒸发物理气相沉积TiN涂层中,将不锈钢编织网置于基底和蒸发源之间,以得到不连续的TiN涂层。检验了无涂层、连续涂层和不连续涂层3种表面状态的性能,其中在室温和200°C下做了无润滑和润滑条件下的盘-块和球-盘滑动摩擦试验。结果表明,在滑动条件下,不连续的TiN涂层可同时减小工具钢的磨损量和磨损速度。3种表面状态下的高速切削中,与无涂层和连续涂层比较,不连续TiN涂层由于寿命增加具有优势。

关键词： PVD 连续涂层不连续涂层摩擦行为粗糙度切削性能

Evaluation of formation damages during filter cake deposition and removal process:The effect of primary damage on secondary damage

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Petroleum Science 2021年第4期18卷 1153-1162页

作者： Jaber Al Jaberi badr S.bageri Abdulrauf R.Adebayo Shirish Patil Assad barri Rahul b.Salin Department of Petroleum Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Center for Integrative Petroleum Research King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

The properties of oil and gas formation could be significantly damaged during drilling and completion operations as a result of mud invasion,fluid incompatibility and interaction with rock *** paper presents a systematic method for evaluating formation damage during filter cake deposition(primary damage)and removal process(secondary damage).The role of primary damage in the evolution of secondary damage was also *** interaction of the filter cake solvent(chelating agent solution)with the rock samples was implemented through core flooding *** Magnetic Resonance(NMR)was used to evaluate the properties of the rock sample,pre and post filter cake deposition and removal *** results show that secondary damaged is a strong function of the location and the intensity of the primary *** rock type and its pore structure also play important roles in both primary and secondary *** extent of secondary damage depends on the amount of barium sulphate deposited during primary *** chelating agent used to dissolve the barites in sandstones,deposited the barite in the small pores while it enlarges the bigger *** contrast,the chelating agent in the carbonate samples had multiple barite deposition points.

关键词： Formation damage Filter cake removal Filter cake deposition Chelating agents Solid invasion Filtration process

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with COVID-19:A rare life-threatening complication

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2023年第4期3卷 247-249页

作者： Sameen Zafar Daniel Gonzalez Leonard Kuan-Pei Wang Alexandria Soybel Emilio b.Gonzalez Vijaya Murthy Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA

To the Editor,Herein,we report a case of a 49-year-old Caucasian man with a medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease,occasional premature ventricular contractions,and unvaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)who presented with myalgias,fevers,and right-sided neck swelling approximately 26 days after he had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 21 days after receiving the casirivimab–imdevimab(REGEN-COV)*** initial workup showed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia(platelets:108×109/L,reference range[RR]:150−328×109/L).The SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen-detection test was *** patient was started on intravenous antibiotics for presumed lymphadenitis;however,his fevers persisted,with subsequent development of worsening thrombocytopenia at 91×109/L and increasing C-reactive protein(CRP)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),with peak values at 13.4mg/dL(RR:<0.8 mg/dL)and 35 mm/1 h(RR:0−10 mm/1 h),respectively.

关键词： infusion sided swelling