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Technology Deployment to Improve Clinical Outcomes

中国医疗设备 2016年第1期31卷 1-5页

作者： T.M.Judd L.Jacobs M.Jansen b.birch clinical technology kaiser permanentebrth boardAtlantaGA30305USA the permanente journal presidentbrth boardAtlantaGA30305USA iron bow healthcare solutions AtlantaGAUSA innovation and advanced technology kaiser permanente it0aklandGAUSA

Improved child, newborn, and maternal health(CNM) is a top priority in developing countries. Many factors must be addressed simultaneously to improve clinical outcomes for CNM. A public-private project in Haiti that will deploy the World Health Organization(WHO) evidence-based medicine(EbM) and essential interventions utilizing CNM healthcare technologies(HT), is expected to be a model for improving national health systems. The CNM mortality rates in Haiti are the highest in the western hemisphere with rates similar to those found in Afghanistan and several African countries. Several factors perpetuating this crisis are noted, as well as the most cost-effective interventions proven to decrease CNM mortality rates in low-and middle-income countries. To create major change in health system infrastructure, two strategies are presented, requiring appropriate and leading-edge health technologies(HT), e.g., wireless cellular-network-based Telemedicine(TM):(1) Development of a countrywide network of geographical "Community Care Grids" to facilitate implementation of frontline interventions;(2) The construction of a central hospital(called bethesda Referral and Teaching Hospital-bRTH NGO) that will provide secondary and tertiary care for communities throughout the country, including helping local hospitals and clinics practice EbM care. We believe that these strategies-supported by HT will fast track improvement in CNM mortality rates throughout the country and that in a relatively short period of time Haiti's health care system will be among the leaders in the region. Primary factors contributing to the CNM crisis, all addressed by TM:(1) Limited access: demographics, geography, cost, transportation;(2) Inadequate health care facilities: less than 20 NICU beds for 10 million population; bRTH to provide 80 bed NICU and 40 bed PICU in 225 bed hospital;(3) Health care practitioners: inadequate numbers and training;(4) Low % of skilled attendants now at deliveries;(5) Low % of

关键词：临床医学工程世界卫生组织顾问委员会美国FDA 医疗技术管理医疗设备 301医院临床工程

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想象工程

想象工程

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2000年

作者：（英）保尔·帕奇（b.birch）（英）布莱恩·克莱格（b.Clegg）张志洪杨晓红译

在现代迅速变化和激烈竞争的市场环境下，仅仅套用旧有的模式是远远不够的。我们需要创造性的飞跃，以得出令人满意的结果。本书将零散的创造方法集成为一套简单、易记、舒适的想像工程学，它贯穿从问题出现到问题得到圆满解决的整个过程。

关键词：创造性想象(学科: 研究)

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Cascading costs:An economic nitrogen cycle

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 678-696页

作者： William R.Moomaw Melissa b.L.birch Fletcher School Tufts University MedfordMA 02155USA

The chemical nitrogen cycle is becoming better characterized in terms of fluxes and reservoirs on a variety of scales. Galloway has demonstrated that reactive nitrogen can cascade through multiple ecosystems causing environmental damage at each stage before being denitrified to N2. We propose to construct a parallel economic nitrogen cascade (ENC) in which economic impacts of nitrogen fluxes can be estimated by the costs associated with each stage of the chemical cascade. Using economic data for the benefits of damage avoided and costs of mitigation in the Chesapeake bay basin, we have constructed an economic nitrogen cascade for the region. Since a single tonne of nitrogen can cascade through the system, the costs also cascade. Therefore evaluating the benefits of mitigating a tonne of reactive nitrogen released needs to consider the damage avoided in all of the ecosystems through which that tonne would cascade. The analysis reveals that it is most cost effective to remove a tonne of nitrogen coming from combustion since it has the greatest impact on human health and creates cascading damage through the atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic and coastal ecosystems. We will discuss the implications of this analysis for determining the most cost effective policy option for achieving environmental quality goals.

关键词： cascading costs, chemical nitrogen cascade, economic nitrogen cascade, mitigation costs, damage costs,economic nitrogen cycle.

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Nutrient changes in potting mix and Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue under macadamia biochar amendments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 379-389页

作者： A.Wrobel-Tobiszewska M.boersma J.Sargison P.Adams b.Singh S.Franks C.J.birch D.C.Close CREPS Centre for Renewable Energy and Power SystemsSchool of Engineering and ICTUniversity of TasmaniaEngineering BuildingDobson RoadSandy Bay CampusHobartAustralia Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of Tasmania16-20 Mooreville RoadPO Box 3523Burnie 7320Australia JSA Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Ellerslie HouseLevel 1119 Sandy Bay RoadSandy BayTAS 7005Australia Forestry Tasmania 79 Melville StreetHobartTAS 7000Australia Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Center for CarbonWater and FoodBiomedical BuildingUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

The effect of macadamia nut shell biochar on nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,magnesium,calcium and sodium concentrations in potting mix used to grow Eucalyptus nitens seedlings was investigated in a glasshouse *** treatments combined two fertiliser rates（50 and 100% rate of the commercial mix commonly used in forestry nurseries） with eight biochar rates(0,2,5,10,20,50,80 and 100 t ha;) arranged in a randomised complete block with three replicates of four sample *** were quantified in the potting mix and seedling leaves at four destructive harvests 135,177,219 and269 days after *** significantly increased nitrate-N,Colwell P,Colwell K and exchangeable Na andreduced ammonium-N,Mg and Ca concentrations in the potting *** leaf concentrations of P,K and Na were increased by biochar application,while N remained dependent on fertiliser rate *** and Ca leaf concentrations decreased in response to increasing biochar *** nitrate-N and decreased ammonium-N concentrations suggest that biochar might have increased nitrification in the potting *** presumed that biochar mediated processes that reduced uptake of P and K when high doses of biochar were combined with full *** in potting mix K,Na,Mg and Ca were consistent with selective adsorption of ions to biochar surfaces.

关键词： Charcoal Forest plantation Plant nutrition Seedlings Soil chemistry

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Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2021年第8期11卷 2344-2361页

作者： Rachael V.Dixon Eldhose Skaria Wing Man Lau Philip Manning Mark A.birch-Machin S.Moein Moghimi Keng Wooi Ng School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE17RUUK Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE24HHUK Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PTUK

Recent infectious disease outbreaks,such as COVID-19 and Ebola,have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb *** diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely ***,current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained ***,centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease ***-administrable,point-of-care(PoC)microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these *** miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide(near-)real-time *** microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis,though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease *** include microneedles for biofluid extraction,microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles,or combinations *** sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is *** technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics,and there is a vast scope for further *** this review,we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.

关键词： Microneedle Infectious disease Point-of-care diagnostics(PoC) biomarker detection Skin biosensor COVID-19

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工模具热处理技术的进展

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钢铁工艺 1995年第2期 16-19页

作者： birch,b 韩如

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铸铁气缸与发动机缸体的真空钎焊

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铸锻热（热处理实践） 1990年第4期 55-59页

作者： b.J.birch T.bell 杨礼萍

简介现在普遍认识到,在许多科学领域中对技术发展的完全科学认识远远落后于这一科学的实践。对于本文所论述的学科也完全是正确的。本文描述了采用镍基硼填料金属成功地进行两种不同铸铁真空钎焊的工艺。在对福特牌发动机部件由Coswort... 详细信息

简介现在普遍认识到,在许多科学领域中对技术发展的完全科学认识远远落后于这一科学的实践。对于本文所论述的学科也完全是正确的。本文描述了采用镍基硼填料金属成功地进行两种不同铸铁真空钎焊的工艺。在对福特牌发动机部件由Cosworth工程公司改型并引进赛车时才可能研究连接界面的一定的物理冶金知识。

关键词：铸铁气缸发动机缸体真空钎焊

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PNAS:科学家或成功实现利用基因疗法来治疗阿尔兹海默氏症

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第4期17卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： Loukia Katsouri[a] Yau M. Lim[a] Katrin blondrath[a] Ioanna Eleftheriadou[b] Laura Lombardero[a] Amy M. birch[a] Nazanin Mirzaei[a] Elaine E. Irvine[c] Nicholas D. Mazarakis[b], Magdalena Sastre[a], [a]Division of brain Sciences Imperial College London London W12 0NN United Kingdom [b]Gene Therapy Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London W12 0NN United Kingdom [c]Institute for Clinical Sciences Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre London W12 0NN United Kingdom

日前,来自帝国理工学院的研究人员通过利用病毒将特殊的基因片段运输到小鼠大脑中，从而成功抑制小鼠患阿尔兹海默氏症，相关研究刊登于国际杂志PNAS上，该研究或为后期开发治疗诸如阿尔兹海默氏症等神经性疾病的新型疗法提供思路。

关键词：基因疗法治疗利用科学家神经性疾病基因片段研究人员后期开发

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Antigen Detection in Canine blastomycosis: Comparison of Different Antibody-Antigen Combinations in Two Competitive ELISAs

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 110-114页

作者： Debra Andrae Katheryn birch Trevor bybee Thomas Ritcher Jason Werth Gene M. Scalarone Department of biological Sciences Idaho State University Pocatello USA

This present study was designed to evaluate four different blastomyces dermatitidis antibody-antigen combinations (b5896 and T-58 antibodies and b5896 and WI-R antigens) for the detection of antigen in 36 urine specimens from dogs with blastomycosis using a standard indirect ELISA (STD) and a biotin-streptavidin ELISA (b-SA). The antigen detection sensitivity values ranged from 81% (b-SA: T-58 Ab + WI-R Ag) to 100% (STD and b-SA: b5896 Ab + WI-R Ag;b5896 Ab + b5896 Ag) with the antibody-antigen combinations in the two assays. Optimal detection was evidenced when the b5896 Ab was allowed to react with the urine specimens for 30 min at 37?C and then placed in the b-SA ELISA plates containing the b5896 Ag. The greatest absorbance value obtained with this antibody-antigen com-bination was 0.903 (range of 0.596 - 0.903) as compared to the control value of 1.246. The difference between the control absorbance and the test absorbance values was 0.343 which was considerably greater than the control-test values with the other combinations. This study thus showed that the results obtained in antigen detection assays are dependent upon the antibody used to react with the urine specimens as well as the antigen used in the enzyme immunoassay.

关键词： blastomycosis Antigen Detection Lysate Antigen and Antibody ELISA

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生命的解放

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作者： (澳)查尔斯·伯奇(Charles birch) (美)约翰·柯布(John b. Cobb Jr)

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