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Pelage color of red bats Lasiurus borealis varies with body size:An image analysis of museum specimens

Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew K.DAVIS Steven b.CASTLEbERRY D.b. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has been very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red bats (Lasiurus borealis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possible associations between body size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, but when examined together with effects of body sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the buffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller bats of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of bats using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must be taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .

关键词：颜色分析动物皮毛图像分析博物馆北极光标本蝙蝠体型

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Differential Expression of Mature MicroRNAs Involved in Muscle Maintenance of Hibernating Little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus: A Model of Muscle Atrophy Resistance

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Genomics, Proteomics & bioinformatics 2012年第5期10卷 295-301页

作者： Samantha F.Kornfeld Kyle K.biggar Kenneth b.Storey Institute of biochemistry&Department of biology Carleton University

Muscle wasting is common in mammals during extended periods of immobility. However, many small hibernating mammals manage to avoid muscle atrophy despite remaining stationary for long periods during hibernation. Recent research has highlighted roles for short non-coding microRNAs （miRNAs） in the regulation of stress tolerance. We proposed that they could also play an important role in muscle maintenance during hibernation. To explore this possibility, a group of 10 miRNAs known to be normally expressed in skeletal muscle of non-hibernating mammals were analyzed by RT-PCR in hibernating little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. We then compared the expression of these miRNAs in euthermic control bats and bats in torpor. Our results showed that compared to euthermic controls, sig- nificant, albeit modest （1.2-1.6 fold）, increases in transcript expression were observed for eight mature miRNAs, including miR-la-1, miR-29b, miR-181b, miR-15a, miR-20a, miR-206 and miR-128-1, in the pectoral muscle of torpid bats. Conversely, expression of miR-21 decreased by 80% during torpor, while expression of miR-107 remained unaffected. Interestingly, these miRNAs have been either validated or predicted to affect multiple muscle-specific factors, including myostatin, FoxO3a, HDAC4 and SMADT, and are likely involved in the preservation of pectoral muscle mass and functionality during bat hibernation.

关键词： MlicroRNA Hibernation Metabolic rate depression Atrophy Dicer Myostatin

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New Modified Controlled bat Algorithm for Numerical Optimization Problem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2241-2259页

作者： Waqas Haider bangyal Abdul Hameed Jamil Ahmad Kashif Nisar Muhammad Reazul Haque Ag.Asri Ag.Ibrahim Joel J.P.C.Rodrigues M.Adil khan Danda b.Rawat Richard Etengu Department of Computing and Technology Iqra University IslamabadPakistan Computer Science Kohat University of Science and Technology(KUST)KohatPakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota Kinabalu88400SabahMalaysia Faculty of Computing&Informatics Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Federal University of Piauí(UFPI) Teresina-PLBrazil Instituto de Telecomunicacoes Covilh?6201-001Portugal Department Computer Science and Technology Chang’an UniversityXi’anChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

bat algorithm(bA)is an eminent meta-heuristic algorithm that has been widely used to solve diverse kinds of optimization problems.bA leverages the echolocation feature of bats produced by imitating the bats’searching behavior.bA faces premature convergence due to its local search capability.Instead of using the standard uniform walk,the Torus walk is viewed as a promising alternative to improve the local search capability.In this work,we proposed an improved variation of bA by applying torus walk to improve diversity and convergence.The proposed.Modern Computerized bat Algorithm(MCbA)approach has been examined for fifteen well-known benchmark test problems.The finding of our technique shows promising performance as compared to the standard PSO and standard bA.The proposed MCbA,bPA,Standard PSO,and Standard bA have been examined for well-known benchmark test problems and training of the artificial neural network(ANN).We have performed experiments using eight benchmark datasets applied from the worldwide famous machine-learning(ML)repository of UCI.Simulation results have shown that the training of an ANN with MCbA-NN algorithm tops the list considering exactness,with more superiority compared to the traditional methodologies.The MCbA-NN algorithm may be used effectively for data classification and statistical problems in the future.

关键词： bat algorithm MCbA ANN ML Torus walk

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A blind climber:The first evidence of ultrasonic echolocation in arboreal mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第2期12卷 172-184页

作者： Aleksandra A.PANYUTINA Alexander N.KUZNETSOV Ilya A.VOLODIN Alexei V.AbRAMOV Irina b.SOLDATOVA Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Scientific Research Department Moscow ZooMoscowRussia Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesSaint PetersburgRussia Joint Vietnam-Russian Tropical Research and Technological Centre HanoiVietnam

The means of orientation is studied in the Vietnamese pygmy dormouse Typhlomys chapensis,a poorly known enigmatic semi-fossorial semi-arboreal rodent.Data on eye structure are presented,which prove that Typhlomys(translated as“the blind mouse”)is incapable of object vision:the retina is folded and retains no more than 2500 ganglion cells in the focal plane,and the optic nerve is subject to gliosis.Hence,Typhlomys has no other means for rapid long-range orientation among tree branches other than echolocation.Ultrasonic vocalization recordings at the frequency range of 50-100 khz support this hypothesis.The vocalizations are represented by bouts of up to 7 more or less evenly-spaced and uniform frequency-modulated sweep-like pulses in rapid succession.Structurally,these sweeps are similar to frequency-modulated ultrasonic echolocation calls of some bat species,but they are too faint to be revealed with a common bat detector.When recording video simultaneously with the ultrasonic audio,a significantly greater pulse rate during locomotion compared to that of resting animals has been demonstrated.Our findings of locomotion-associated ultrasonic vocalization in a fast-climbing but weakly-sighted small mammal ecotype add support to the“echolocation-first theory”of pre-flight origin of echolocation in bats.

关键词： arboreal locomotion reduced eyes Rodentia Typhlomys ultrasonic echolocation

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Emerging and re-emerging human infectious diseases:A systematic review of the role of wild animals with a focus on public health impact

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第3期13卷 99-106页

作者： Marli C Cupertino Michely b Resende Nicholas AJ Mayers Lorendane M Carvalho Rodrigo Siqueira-batista Medical School Faculdade Dinamica do Vale do Piranga.Ponte Nova.Minas GeraisBrazil Laboratory of Epidemiological and Computational Methods in Health Department of Medicine and NursingUniversidade Federal de Vicosa.Minas GeraisBrazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal de Vicosa.Vicosa.Minas GeraisBrazil

Infectious diseases continue to impose unpredictable burdens on global health and economies, a subject that requires constant research and updates. In this sense, the objective of the present article was to review studies on the role of wild animals as reservoirs and/or dispersers of etiological agents of human infectious diseases in order to compile data on the main wild animals and etiological agents involved in zoonotic outbreaks. A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed, Scopus and SciELO platforms as data banks. The descriptors used were "zoonosis", "human infectious diseases" and "wild animals". The results show that wild animals(mainly bats, birds and primates) play an important role in the dissemination of etiological agents(mainly viruses, as a new coronavirus called 2019 Novel Coronavirus) in extensive geographic regions. Moreover, these wild animal organisms can act as the site for essential biotic synergy among several pathogenic microorganisms, promoting a higher rate of adaptation, mutation and even genetic recombination, with consequent stimulation of new strains and subtypes, inducing new infectious agents with unknown virulent potential. In conclusion, the monitoring of these diseases and adequate preparation for possible epidemics and pandemics are fundamental conditions for the mitigation of their future impact. The zoonotic threat of these etiological agents and the impact on public health can be enormous as shown by the ongoing epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infections.

关键词： Zoonosis Epidemics 2019-nCoV Virology Epidemiology

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Acarine ectoparasites of Panti Forest Reserve in Johore,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2011年第1期1卷 1-5页

作者： Mariana A Mohd Kulaimi b Halimaton I Suhaili ZA Shahrul-Anuar MS Nor Zalipah M Ho TM Acarology Unit Infectious Diseases Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research School of biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Department of biological Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Objective:To identify the presence of acarine ectoparasites and determine whether there is any potential public health risk in Panti Forest Reserve,Johore,Malaysia.Methods:Trapping of animals and avifauna was conducted simultaneously along 5 expedition trails using 150 wire traps,10 harp traps and 30 mist nets for 6 consecutive nights.A total of 140 animals consisting of 7 species of birds,19 species of bats,6 species of rodents and 1 species of tree-shrew as well as 8 myriapods were examined.Results:Infestation rates of ticks,mesostigmatid mites and chiggers on animals examined were 24.3%,28.6%and 27.9%,respectively.Infestation on bats was low(1.5%) and none occurred on birds.Majority of ticks extracted were at immature stages(78.9%). Genera of ticks on animals were Amblyomma,Dermacentor,Haemaphysalis and Ixodes.Ixodes granulatus was the only species of licks identified from the animals.Examination of ticks under vegetation revealed 54%adults leading to identification of 3 species of ticks.A total of 7 species of mesostigmatid mites were found.6 species were on rodent,Maxomys mrifer and another one species,Laelaps nuttalli was found only on Leopoldamys sabanus.Laelaps sanguisugus was the only mesostigmatid found infesting tree-shrews.Seven genera of chiggers were identified.From this,5 genera were on rodents,4 genera on tree-shrews and 1 genus on a bat.Conclusions:A total of 16 genera,2 sub-genus and 14 species of acarine ectoparasites were found in this area. Findings of the survey demonstrate the presence of three spesies of acarine ectoparasites which have potential health risk i.e.Ixodes granulalus,Laelaps nuttalli and Leptotrombidium deliense.

关键词： Acarine ectoparasites Panti Forest Reserve Malaysia Public health risk Infestation rate Tick Mesostigmatid mite Chigger Ixodes granulatus Laelaps nuttalli Leptotrombidium deliense Avifauna Rodent

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Differential expression analysis of Liprin-α2 in hibernating bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第1期18卷 27-32页

作者： Lihong Yuan a,b,c, Xueguo Zuo a, Jinping Chen d, benfu Lin e, Junpeng Zhang b, Min Sun e, Shuyi Zhang a,* a School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China b Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, China c Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, China d Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou 510260, China e Guangzhou Institute of biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510663, China School of Life Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Guangdong Entomological Institute Guangzhou 510260 China Guangzhou Institute of biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510663 China

A PCR-based subtractive hybridization technique was used to identify genes up-regulated in the hibernating bat brain to explore the molecular mechanism of hibernation. Three genes, Liprin-a2, PTP4A2 and CAMKKb were difierentially expressed in hibernating bat brain tissue compared to active bat brain tissue. One of them, Liprin-a2, which has recently been shown to have the key function in the organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic multiprotein complexes was studied in detail. We demonstrated that the expression level of Liprin-a2 was up-regulated almost 4-fold in hibernating bat brains by RT-PCR compared to levels in active bats. The difierential expression pattern of Liprin-a2 was also detected in muscle, fat, brain and heart tissue of hibernating bats by real-time quantitative PCR. The result indicated that Liprin-a2 was over-expressed in brain and heart tissue and down-regulated in muscle and fat. In brain tissue of hibernating bats, Liprin-a2 expression was statistically significantly higher than in brain tissue of active controls (P = 0.029). The precise control of transcriptional level and the distinctively difierential expression pattern of Liprin-a2 in difierent organs during circ- annual hibernation may have important physiological significance, not only in maintaining normal function of many key organs but also in effectively conserving limited energy resources without physiological damage.

关键词： bat Differential expression Hibernation Liprin-a2

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MIOCENE TERRESTRIAL VERTEbRATE SITES OF LOUISIANA, CENTRAL SOUTHERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

MIOCENE TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SITES OF LOUISIANA, CENTRAL S...

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第二届国际古生物学大会

作者： Judith A.SCHIEbOUT Wulf A.GOSE John H.WRENN Michael J.WILLIAMS Mark D.HAGGE Julie L.HILL brooks b.ELLWOOD Grant S.bOARDMAN Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University baton Rouge LA 70803 USA.Department of Geology and Geophysics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station C1100 Austin Texas 78712-0254 48091 Bayou Fountain Apt. 403 Baton RougeLA 70820USA Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University baton Rouge LA 70803 USA. Department of Geology and Geophysics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station C1100 Austin Texas 78712-0254 48091 Bayou Fountain Apt. 403 Baton Rouge LA 70820 USA

Terrestrial vertebrate sites in the Fleming Formation, first discovered in 1993 on Fort Polk in western Louisiana, had been the only source of Miocene terrestrial vertebrates in the state until discoveries in southeastern Louisiana in the Pascagoula Formation in June of 2005. 6,359 catalogued specimens, mainly mammals, have been recovered from western Louisiana, including the rhinoceros Aphelops, a gomphothere, two species of merychippine horse, the protoceratid Prosynthetoceras francisi, a large camel, a small peccary, Miomustela, a hedgehog, bats, shrews, two small beavers, rodents Copemys & Texomys, heteromyids, and squirrels, as well as lower vertebrates including turtles, snakes, frogs, toads, salamanders, and fish. Heavy veg-

关键词： North America Miocene Gulf Coast terrestrial mammals

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PNAS：科学焉已在蝙蝠机体中发现白血病病毒的史前祖先

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第11期17卷 I0002-I0002页

作者： Helena Farkašová[a], Tomáš Hron[a], Jan Pačes[b] Pavel Hulva[c],[d] Petr benda[c],[e] Robert James Gifford[f], Daniel Elleder[a], [a]Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 14220 Czech Republic [b]Laboratory of Genomics and bioinformatics Institute of Molecular Genetics The Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 14220 Czech Republic [c]Department of Zoology Charles University Prague 12844 Czech Republic [d]Department of biology and Ecology University of Ostrava Ostrava 71000 Czech Republic [e]Department of Zoology National Museum (Natural History) Prague 11579 Czech Republic [f]MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research Glasgow G12 8TA United Kingdom

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志PNAS上的研究报告中,来自格拉斯哥大学和捷克科学院的研究人员通过研究在蝙蝠的基因组中发现了引发罕见类型白血病的病毒家族的古老DNA痕迹。

关键词：白血病病毒科学院蝙蝠祖先机体研究人员 DNA 基因组

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