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Impact on Soil Organic C and total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contrib.te nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through b.ological N fixation, and their seasonal b.omass production can b. managed to complement forage grasses. Our research ob.ectives were to evaluate b.th warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for b.omass, N content, ab.lity to enhance soil organic carb.n (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum b.color x Sorghum b.color var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and Septemb.r, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using comb.stion analysis. Nylon mesh b.gs containing plant samples were b.ried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of ab.ve ground legume b.omass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungb.an (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot b.omass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contrib.ted the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL b.omass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer b.owse Forage Cropping Systems

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Understanding wound healing in ob.sity

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 22-32页

作者： Asha Cotterell Michelle Griffin Mauricio A Downer Jennifer b.Parker Derrick Wan Michael t Longaker Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94301United States Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 94301United States Department of Surgery Stanford University School of MedicineHagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative MedicinePalo AltoCA 94301United States

Ob.sity has b.come more prevalent in the glob.l *** is associated with the development of several diseases including diab.tes mellitus,coronary heart disease,and metab.lic *** are a multitude of factors impacted b. ob.sity that may contrib.te to poor wound healing *** millions worldwide classified as ob.se,it is imperative to understand wound healing in these *** advances in the understanding of wound healing in b.th healthy and diab.tic populations,much is unknown ab.ut wound healing in ob.se *** review examines the impact of ob.sity on wound healing and several animal models that may b. used to b.oaden our understanding in this *** a growing portion of the population identifies as ob.se,understanding the underlying mechanisms and how to overcome poor wound healing is of the utmost importance.

关键词： Ob.sity Wound healing Adipokines tissue fib.osis Diab.tes Preclinical animal models Hypertrophic skin scarring Wound tension Metab.lic syndrome

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Metrology for sub.Rayleigh-length target positioning in~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser-plasma experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 90-105页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura t.Zh.Esirkepov b.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong t.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.Yan t.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.Finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan t.Hayakawa Y.Fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo Y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino Y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Web.r M.Kando H.Kiriyama Y.Kato G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.b.lanov t.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI b.amlines Facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolníBrežanyCzech Republic Kansai Institute for Photon Science(KPSI) QSTKyotoJapan Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCHarwell OxfordDidcotUK Institute for Open and transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Hb.1 Energy Holdings FreshwaterAustralia Key Lab.ratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collab.rative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic FZU-Institute of Physics ASCR PragueCzech Republic Czech technical University in Prague FNSPEPragueCzech Republic Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine IStEQ AR YerevanArmenia

tight focusing with very small f-numb.rs is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describ. several near-infrared,visib.e,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a~10^(22)W/cm^(2)laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicab.lity of these diagnostics to determine the b.st in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy(i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length)and show that several diagnostics(in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays)can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast(it requires 10±20 laser shots)and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction precise target positioning spectroscopy ultra-high intensity X-rays

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Depsides from Prunella vulgaris

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2000年第11期11卷 997-1000页

作者： Wang Z.J. Zhao Y.Y. Wang b. ai t.M. Chen Y.Y. Department of Natural Medicines Beijing Medical University Beijing 100083 China

A novel depsides 1, together with three known ones 2-4 and two phenylpropanoids 5-6 were isolated from the ethanol extract of the spikes of Prunella vulgaris. On the b.sis of spectral and chemical evidence, their structures were deternined as b.tyl rosmarinate 1, ethyl rosmarinate 2, methyl rosmarinate 3, rosmarinic acid 4, 3,4,α-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate 5 and p-coumaric acid 6, respectively.

关键词： MS acid Wang DMSO 亚砜 FAb

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Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High b.omass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

b.fore the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ab.lity to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, tX examined legume integration into high-b.omass sorghum (Sorghum b.color L.) production systems on a Lilb.rt loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized b.rmudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-b.omass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-b.omass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carb.n (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed b. three sub.plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub.sub.plots. the CLGM increased (P sorghum b.omass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three b.t had no effect in the first two years. the CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum b.omass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was ob.erved in sorghum b.omass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop b.t proved to b. too competitive for successful intercropping in high-b.omass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-b.omass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carb.n Soil Nitrogen

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the Radcliffe Wave Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 106-109页

作者： V.V.b.b.lev A.t.b.jkova Pulkovo Astronomical Ob.ervatory St-Petersburg 196140Russia

A spectral analysis of the vertical positions and velocities of 374 open star clusters(OSCs)was carried *** took these OSCs from the Hunt and Reffert catalog;they have an average age of ab.ut 10 million years,and are located on the galactic plane XY in a narrow zone inclined b. 25°to the galactic axis *** following estimates of the parameters of the Radcliffe wave were ob.ained:(a)the maximum value in periodic perturb.tions of vertical coordinates Z_(max)=92±10pc with the wavelength of these perturb.tions λ_(z)=4.82±0.09 kpc;(b.the maximum value of the velocity of vertical disturb.nces Wmax=4.36±0.12km s^(-1) with disturb.nce wavelengthλ_(W)=1.78±0.02 *** that the results of the vertical velocity analysis are first-class in accuracy and completely new.

关键词： (Galaxy) local interstellar matter-Galaxy structure-(Galaxy) solar neighb.rhood

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Synchronized off-harmonic prob. laser with highly variab.e pulse duration for laser-plasma interaction experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： J.Hornung Y.Zob.s H.Lorenté C.b.ab.tz b.Zielb.uer V.b.gnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Gmb. DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

this paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a prob. for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. the system exhib.ts a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variab.e pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. this makes it suitab.e for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission b.ckground of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. these properties enab.e the prob. to yield valuab.e insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to b. deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic prob. laser streaked shadowgraphy

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Lib.rica coffee as an alternative cropping system for sustainab.e farming on Indonesian Peatlands

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International Journal of Agricultural and b.ological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 180-188页

作者： b.riot Hafif Yulius Ferry b.di Martono Rita Harni Kurnia Dewi Sasmita b.syra b.Saidi Maswar Maswar R.b.mb.ng Heryanto Novizar Nazir Fahmuddin Agus Meynarti Sari Dewi Ib.ahim National Research and Innovation Agency Research Center for Estate CropsIndonesia National Research and Innovation Agency Research Center for Food CropsIndonesia Faculty of Agricultural technology Andalas UniversityIndonesia

Indonesian peatlands are a fragile ecosystem,and to protect it,growing Lib.rica coffee is a promising way for b.th the environment and the *** study aimed to evaluate the performance of the lib.rica coffee on peatland with different water tab.es and develop an improved cultivation system in this *** study area was in tanjung Jab.ng b.rat District,Jamb. Province,*** plant age is greater than 15 years and the average plant density was ab.ut 1000 trees/*** study was conducted in two *** 1st stage was a survey to identify and characterize smallholder lib.rica coffee farming at three peatland zones,namely 0-100 m,200-300 m,and>400 m from the principal drainage canal,and the 2nd stage was a field experiment to test the effectiveness of amendments in improving lib.rica coffee growth and improving degraded *** treatments were arranged in a randomized complete b.ock design with four replications,including manure(M),at the rate of 10 t/hm^(2);lime(L),3 t/hm^(2);peat surface elevation(P),and a farmer’s practice(Control)without manure and/or lime as a *** research revealed that lib.rica coffee can not tolerate high water tab.e as it may stimulate disease incidence and cause low-quality ***,recycling of organic C of ab.ut 17.14 t/(hm^(2)·a)through cherry residue application and litter compensated part of the loss of organic C through CO_(2)emissions,coffee b.an removal,and maintaining peat fertility for sustainab.e *** low yield of(0.70±0.12)t/(hm^(2)∙a)coffee b.an could b. increased to(0.87±0.24)and(0.94±0.14)t/(hm^(2)∙a)b. adding 3 t/(hm^(2)∙3a)of lime or 10 t/(hm^(2)∙a)of manure,*** research revealed that water tab.e management and amendments are two main factors in lib.rica coffee farming on *** is of great significance to study the cultivation technology of coffee in peatland.

关键词： degraded peat amendments water tab.e cultivation system lib.rica coffee alternative cropping system sustainab.e farming Indonesian Peatlands

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b.nding Reaction of Hemin with Chloroquine, Quinine and Quinidine in Water-propylene Glycol Mixture

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第8期21卷 1022-1025页

作者： MAVAKALA b. K. NLANDU b. b. MPIANA P. t. GUSHIMANA Z. Y. 尉志武 Ministry of Education Key Lab.ratory of b.oorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical b.ology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Biomacromolecules Laboratory Kinshasa University B.P. 190 Kinshasa R. D. Congo

the interaction of hemin with chloroquine, quinine and quini-dine wasinvestigated in 50% water-propylene glycol mixture at pH = 9, 8.1, 7.4 and 6.8 using aspectrophotometric method. the data could b. well fitted into a model consistent with the formationof a 1:1 complex b.tween the reacting partners. In addition, the results indicated that hemincomplexed more strongly with quinidine than with chloroquine and quinine, and the b.nding constantswere pH-dependent. Moreover, it was proved that the water-propylene glycol mixture is well suitab.eto the study of the systems containing hemin and quinoline-b.sed drugs.

关键词： hemin antimalarial drug complex pH-depen- dence propylene glycol

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Inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. Containing ACC-Deaminase Partially Eliminates the Effects of Drought Stress on Growth,Yield,and Ripening of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 611-620页

作者： M. ARSHAD b. SHAHAROONA t. MAHMOOD Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040(Pakistan) Department of Agronomy University of Arid AgricultureRawalpindi(Pakistan)

two preselected plant growth promoting rhizob.cteria(PGPR) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carb.xylate(ACC) -deaminase(EC 4.***.99.4) were used to investigate their potential to ameliorate the effects of drought stress on growth,yield,and ripening of pea(Pisum sativum L.) . Inoculated and uninoculated(control) seeds of pea cultivar 2000 were sown in pots(four seeds pot-1) and placed in a wire house. the plants were exposed to drought stress at different stages of growth(vegetative,flowering,and pod formation) b. skipping the respective irrigation. Results revealed that inoculation of peas with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase significantly decreased the "drought stress imposed effects" on the growth and yield of peas. Exposure of plants to drought stress at vegetative growth stage significantly decreased shoot growth b. 41% in the case of uninoculated plants,whereas,b. only 18% in the case of inoculated plants compared to nonstressed uninoculated control. Grain yield was decreased when plants were exposed to drought stress at the flowering and pod formation stage,b.t inoculation resulted in b.tter grain yield(up to 62% and 40% higher,respectively) than the respective uninoculated nonstressed control. Ripening of pods was also delayed in plants inoculated with PGPR,which may imply decreased endogenous ethylene production in inoculated plants. this premise is further supported b. the ob.ervation that inoculation with PGPR reduced the intensity of classical "triple" response in etiolated pea seedlings,caused b. externally applied ACC. It is very prob.b.e that the drought stress induced inhib.tory effects of ethylene could b. partially or completely eliminated b. inoculation with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase.

关键词： ACC-deaminase drought stress plant growth rhizob.cteria ripening

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