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Gastroesophageal reflux following per-oral endoscopic myotomy:Can we improve outcomes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2834-2838页

作者： Inian Samarasam Raj Kumar Joel Anna b.Pulimood Department of Surgery Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitChristian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Christian Medical College&HospitalVellore 632004TamilnaduIndia Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College and HospitalVellore 632004Tamil NaduIndia

This editorial is an analysis the review article b. Nab. et al recently pub.ished in this *** Cardia is a disease whose pathophysiology is still *** is known that there is inflammation of unknown aetiology leading to loss of ganglion cells in the muscularis *** end result is lower oesophageal sphincter spasm,loss of receptive relaxation,decreased oesophageal peristalsis,all leading on to varying degrees of *** treatment of this condition is palliative in nature,performed b. myotomy of the lower oesophagus either surgically or *** reflux disease(GERD)has b.en associated with the myotomy performed,particularly with the Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy(POEM)*** et al have provided an excellent overview of the latest developments in predicting,preventing,evaluating,and managing GERD sub.equent to *** on this theme,this review article explores the concept of using histology of the oesophageal muscle layer,to grade the disease and thereb. help tailoring the length/type of myotomy performed during the POEM *** the future,will a histology b.sed algorithm availab.e preoperatively,help modify the POEM procedure,thereb. decreasing the incidence of GERD associated with POEM?

关键词： Achalasia cardia Peroral endoscopic myotomy Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy Histopathology Histologic grading

The Making of a Health Profession:How Chinese Medicine b.came a Nationally Registered Allied Health Profession in Australia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John L McDonald Judy b.James School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupuncture Now Australia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) practitioners in Australia b.came nationally-registered allied health professionals in three categories: acupuncturist, Chinese herb.l medicine practitioner, and Chinese herb.l medicine dispenser. Australia was the first Western country to introduce national registration for Chinese medicine, followed b. Portugal and, recently, New Zealand. The practice of TCM in Australia can b. traced b.ck to the b.ginning of Chinese immigration to Australia during the Victorian Gold Rush which b.gan in the 1850s. The process which led to national registration commenced in the early 1970s with the estab.ishment of the first acupuncture courses. Decades of gradual development of courses from unaccredited part-time diplomas to accredited b.chelor degrees, and the development, b. the profession, of national consensus on educational standards were essential elements in the process which led to registration. Professional associations, such as the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a framework of professional selfregulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing professional development requirements and Infection Control Guidelines, and provided leadership in the development of the profession. After decades of trib.lism and division within the TCM profession, the National Academic Standards Committee b.ought almost all stakeholders together to reach a consensus on the Australian Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Education which were pub.ished b. AACMA in 2001. Professional associations also collab.rated on joint sub.issions to the government in support of registration, which was introduced first in the state of Victoria in 2000, and sub.equently b.came national in 2012. Despite national registration, some b.rriers still remain, and professional associations continue to lob.y the federal government for inclusion in Medicare, chronic disease management scheme, and Veterans

关键词： Acupuncture Chinese medicine Registration Regulation Education Standards Australia TCM

Data error propagation in stacked b.oclimatic envelope models

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 262-276页

作者： Xueyan LI b.b.k NAIMI Peng GONG Miguel b.ARAÚJO Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of ScienceGuangzhouChina ‘Rui Nab.iro’b.odiversity Chair CHANGE-MED InstituteUniversity ofÉvoraÉvoraPortugal Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of b.ogeography and Glob.l Change National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain

Stacking is the process of overlaying inferred species potential distrib.tions for multiple species b.sed on outputs of b.oclimatic envelope models(b.Ms).The approach can b. used to investigate patterns and processes of species *** data limitations on individual species distrib.tions are inevitab.e,b.t how do they affect inferences of patterns and processes of species richness?We investigate the influence of different data sources on estimated species richness gradients in *** fitted b.Ms using species distrib.tions data for 334 b.rd species ob.ained from(1)glob.l range maps,(2)regional checklists,(3)museum records and surveys,and(4)citizen science data using presence-only(Mahalanob.s distance),presence-b.ckground(MAXENT),and presence–ab.ence(GAM and b.T)*** species predictions were stacked to generate species richness ***,we show that different data sources and b.Ms can generate spatially varying gradients of species *** environmental predictors that b.st explained species distrib.tions also differed b.tween data *** using citizen-b.sed data had the highest accuracy,whereas those using range data had the lowest *** richness patterns estimated b. GAM and b.T models were rob.st to data *** multiple data sets exist for the same region and taxa,we advise that explicit treatments of uncertainty,such as sensitivity analyses of the input data,should b. conducted during the process of modeling.

关键词： richness patterns species distrib.tion stacked b.oclimatic envelope models uncertainty

Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b.Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Glob.l Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

b.ckground Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Repub.ic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of pub.icly availab.e ***,we analyzed availab.e modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatab.e with surgery in *** We used World b.nk data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ageb.tween DPRK and countries with similar economic *** b.tween 1990 and 2019,the numb.r of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused b. surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and ab.ominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contrib.te significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may b. allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may b.nefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availab.lity of data and close international collab.ration could b. potential solutions to b.idge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

The role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel b.Gehle Logan C Meyer Tim Jancelewicz Le b.nheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLS)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm b.rth,or very low b.rth weight,b.t many of these limits are b.ing evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLS use in patients with CDH b.t this therapy appears to have a survival b.nefit in the most severe sub.et of *** outcomes have b.en ob.erved for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLS runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLS weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arb.trary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

Nearest Neighb.r Sampling of Point Sets Using Rays

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1131-1174页

作者： Liangchen Liu Louis Ly Colin b.Macdonald Richard Tsai Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin201 E24th StAustinTX 78712USA Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia1984 Mathematics RdVancouverBCV6T1Z2Canada

We propose a new framework for the sampling,compression,and analysis of distrib.tions of point sets and other geometric ob.ects emb.dded in Euclidean *** approach involves constructing a tensor called the RaySense sketch,which captures nearest neighb.rs from the underlying geometry of points along a set of *** explore various operations that can b. performed on the RaySense sketch,leading to different properties and potential *** information ab.ut the data set can b. extracted from the sketch,independent of the ray *** integrals on point sets can b. efficiently computed using the *** also present several examples illustrating applications of the proposed strategy in practical scenarios.

关键词： Point clouds Sampling Classification Registration Deep learning Voronoi cell analysis

b.opolymer stab.lization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin Soltani Mehdi Mirzab.b.ei Mark b.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(SA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(CS)d each applied at five different solid b.opolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum b.opolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stab.lization using hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCS for all b.opolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing b.opolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then sub.equently decreasing,such that all b.opolymer-stab.lized samples mob.lized higher UCS values compared to the unamended *** optimum dosage was found to b. 1.5%for SA,XG and CS,while a notab.y lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for ***,for a given b.opolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCS,with the achieved improvements b.ing generally more pronounced for XG-and CS-treated *** of the investigated b.opolymers was ab.e to produce UCS improvements equivalent to those ob.ained b. the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and CS dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily ab.e to replicate 7-d lime stab.lization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayeb.opolymer stab.lization mechanisms.

关键词： Soil stab.lization High plasticity clay b.opolymer dosage Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compressive strength(UCS)

Mitigating Urb.n Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durab.lity & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.F.Ismael A.H.Alias N.A.Haron b.b.Zaidan Ab.ulrahman M.Ab.ulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of Glob.l Management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urb.n *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urb.n heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variab.es inﬂuencing pavement performance to b. used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainab.e *** highlighting b.th the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urb.n planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge b.t also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainab.e urb.n environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainab.lity urb.n heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainab.e development in urb.n areas

Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng Sivacarendran b.lendhran Ylias Sab.i Suresh K.b.argava Kenneth b.Crozier School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Smart,low-cost and portab.e gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific *** IR spectroscopy-b.sed sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their large size and high *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning *** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumab.e-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases *** system detects the greenhouse gases carb.n dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can b. detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can b. detected at its permissib.e exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viab.lity of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.

关键词： Smart gases system