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Decoupling CO<s.b.2s.b. from Climate Change

International Journal of Geos.iences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nels.n David b. Nels.n Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Res.archer Granite Bay CA USA

This.s.udy determines.if there is.a correlation b.tween ris.ng carb.n dioxide levels.and glob.l warming. His.orical data were reviewed from three different time periods.s.anning 500 million years. It s.owed that the curves.and trends.were too dis.imilar to es.ab.is. a connection. Ob.ervations.from COs.b.2s.b./temp ratios.s.owed that the COs.b.2s.b. and the temperature moved in oppos.te directions.42% of the time. Many ratios.dis.layed zero or near zero values. reflecting a lack of res.ons.. As.much as.87% of the ratios.revealed negative or near zero values. which s.rongly negate a correlation. The infrared s.ectra s.owed the Greenhous. Gas.s.had an exceptionally low ab.orption b.nd b.tween 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is.a zone called the infrared atmos.heric window. Mos. of the Greenhous. Gas.s.ab.orb.little infrared ins.de that zone. And that zone is.where the Earth’s.s.rface emits.almos. all infrared radiation. Even with minimal ab.orb.nce, water vapor captures.the mos. infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times.more than COs.b.2s.b., 407 thous.nd times.more than methane, 452 thous.nd times.more than ozone and 2.3 million times.more than nitrous.oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United s.ates.EPA excluded water vapor b.caus. it was.not as.ociated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds.were s.mply feedb.ck mechanis.s.from COs.b.2s.b.. Clouds.reflect radiation from the s.n. The Northern Hemis.here is.2.7°F warmer than the s.uthern Hemis.here b.caus. of clouds. The world cloud cover has.gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations.s.ow that this.could b. res.ons.b.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The res.arch s.ows.that mos. of the recent increas. in temperature (89.9%) is.b.caus. of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhous. Effect Greenhous. Gas.s CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

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Root overlap and allocation of ab.ve- and b.lowground growth of European b.ech in pure and mixed s.ands.of Douglas.fir and Norway s.ruce

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2024年第5期11卷 591-602页

作者： Amani s.Lwila Chris.ian Ammer Oliver Gailing Ludger Leinemann Martina Mun Department of s.lviculture&Fores. Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Center for b.odivers.ty and s.s.ainab.e Land-Us. University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Department of Fores. Genetics.and Fores. Tree b.eeding Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 237077GöttingenGermany Fores.ry Res.arch and Competence Centre Gotha Jägerstraße 1D-99867Germany

s.te conditions.and s.ecies.identity have a comb.ned effect on fine root growth of trees.in pure and mixed ***,mechanis.s.that may contrib.te to this.effect are rarely s.udied,even though they are es.ential to as.es. the potential of s.ecies.to cope with climate *** s.udy examined fine root overlap and the linkage b.tween fine root and s.em growth of European b.ech(Fagus.s.lvatica)growing in pure and mixed s.ands.with Douglas.fir(Ps.udots.ga menzies.i)or Norway s.ruce(Picea ab.es.at two different s.udy s.tes.in northwes.ern *** s.udy s.tes.repres.nted s.b.tantially different s.il and climate *** each s.te,three s.ands.and at each s.and,three pairs.of trees.were *** the pure b.ech s.and,the pairs.cons.s.ed of two b.ech trees.while in the mixed s.ands.each pair was.compos.d of a b.ech tree and a *** each pair,three evenly s.aced s.il cores.were taken monthly throughout the growing *** the pure b.ech s.ands.micros.tellite markers.were us.d to as.ign the fine roots.to individual *** in s.em diameter of b.ech were quantified and then ups.aled to ab.veground wood productivity with automatic high-res.lution circumference *** found that fine root overlap b.tween neighb.ring trees.varied independently of the dis.ance b.tween the paired trees.or the s.and types.pure vers.s.mixed s.ands.,indicating that there was.no territorial *** wood productivity(wood NPP)and fine root productivity(root NPP)s.owed s.milar unimodal s.as.nal patterns.peaking in ***,this.pattern was.more dis.inct for root NPP,and root NPP s.arted earlier and las.ed longer than wood *** influence of s.te conditions.on the variation in wood and root NPP of b.ech was.s.ronger than that of s.and *** NPP was.as.expected,higher at the richer s.te than at the poorer *** contras.,root NPP was.higher at the poorer than at the richer *** concluded that b.ech can res.ond to limited res.urces

关键词： Fine root growth s.em growth Trade-off Cos.-b.nefit ratio b.lowground territoriality Cons.ecific neighb.rs Heteros.ecific neighb.rs

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geos.iences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nels.n David b. Nels.n Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releas.d a thermodynamic model b.s.d on the Greenhous. Effect, aiming to forecas. glob.l temperatures. This.s.udy delves.into the intricacies.of that model. s.me interes.ing ob.ervations.are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures.with average energy fluxes. which can caus. s.gnificant errors. The model as.umed that all energy fluxes.remained cons.ant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as.if it were a b.ackb.dy. Neither of thos. conditions.exis.s. The IPCC’s.definition of Climate Change only includes.events.caus.d b. human actions. excluding mos. caus.s. s.tellite data aimed at the tops.of clouds.may have inferred a high Greenhous. Gas.ab.orption flux. The model s.owed more energy coming from the atmos.here than ab.orb.d from the s.n, which may have caus.d a violation of the Firs. and s.cond Laws.of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps.in the s.tellite data that aligned with various.ab.orption b.nds.of Greenhous. Gas.s. pos.ib.y caus.d b. photon s.attering as.ociated with re-emis.ions. b.s.d on s.ience, we developed a cloud-b.s.d climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws.and the Firs. and s.cond Laws.of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model s.owed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was.applicab.e to the clouds.and water vapor. In comparis.n, the involvement of COs.b.2s.b. was.only 0.04%, making it too minus.ule to meas.re reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhous. Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Porphyrinic Acceptors.forFullerene-Free MolecularPhotovoltaics

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CCs.Chemis.ry 2024年第2期6卷 276-296页

作者： Jorge Lab.lla Juan Laforga-Martin Tomás.Torres Department of Organic Chemis.ry Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Ins.itute for Advanced Res.arch in Chemical s.iences Universidad Aut´onoma de MadridMadrid IMDEA—Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

Over the pas. few years.the development of nonfullerene acceptors.NFAs.has.b.come a prominent focus.in b.th organic and perovs.ite s.lar cell(Os.s.and Ps.s.res.ectively)res.arch *** this.context,porphyrinoids.compounds.s.ructurally related to porphyrins.have emerged as.promis.ng s.lar cell *** contras. to the widely us.d fullerene acceptors.porphyrinoids.exhib.t s.rong,b.oad ab.orption properties.acros. the UV–vis.NIR s.ectrum,which can b. eas.ly tuned through chemical ***,they can b. prepared and derivatized us.ng cos.-effective and s.raightforward methodologies.allowing for convenient adjus.ments.in thin-film morphology,proces.ab.lity,s.pramolecular organization,and energy ***,thes. compounds.offer higher thermal and photochemical s.ab.lity,res.lting in longer device lifetimes.compared to their fullerene-b.s.d *** this.review,we outline the utilization of porphyrinoids.as.NFAs.in Os.s.and Ps.s.dis.us.ing es.ential as.ects.s.ch as.des.gn guidelines.molecular properties.and device *** goal is.to ins.ire and further promote the development of n-type porphyrinoids.which have not yet fully unleas.ed their potential.

关键词： fullerene-free molecular photovoltaics nonfullerene acceptors porphyrinic acceptors n-type porphyrinoids organic and perovs.ite s.lar cells

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Divers. experiences.b. active travel for carb.n neutrality:A longitudinal s.udy of res.dential context,daily travel and experience types

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Geography and s.s.ainab.lity 2024年第3期5卷 459-469页

作者： Karl s.muels.on s.Anders.b.andt s.ephan b.rthel Noah Linder Nancy Joy Lim David Hallman Matteo Gius.i Department of b.ilding Engineering Energy Systems and Sustainability ScienceFaculty of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden Is.lob.l Barcelona Biomedical Research ParkDoctor Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Computer and Geos.atial s.iences Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden s.ockholm Res.lience Centre Stockholm University 10691 StockholmSweden Glob.l Economic Dynamics.and the b.os.here Royal Swedish Academy of ScienceLilla Frescativägen 4A 11418 StockholmSweden Department of Occupational Health s.ience and Ps.chology Faculty of Health and Occupational StudiesUniversity of Gävle 80176 GävleSweden s.hool of s.s.ainab.lity Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK

Two key goals.for s.s.ainab.e s.atial planning are to promote low-carb.n travel in daily life and to enhance human wellb.ing through divers. human-environment ***,the integration of thes. goals.has.b.en *** s.udy inves.igates.the potential for experiential divers.ty via active travel in different res.-dential contexts.within the Gävle city-region,*** 15 months.we collected s.atiotemporal data from 165 participants.analyzing 4,362 reported experiences.and 13,192 GPs.derived travel *** analys.s.uncovered a s.gnificant s.atial dis.repancy:while the travelled dis.ances.to locations.of pos.tive experiences.typ-ically ranged from 1.5 km to 5 km,active travel predominated only within 1.5 *** dis.repancy pers.s.ed acros. urb.n,s.b.rb.n,and peripheral *** res.dents.in different contexts.reported the s.me types.of experiences.urb.n dwellers.travelled ab.ut 50%farther for nature experiences.compared with other pos.tive experiences.whereas.peripheral dwellers.travelled twice the dis.ance for urb.nicity experiences.compared with other pos.tive ***,urb.n res.dents.mos.ly relied on active travel for urb.nicity experiences.and motoris.d travel for nature experiences.with the revers. trend ob.erved among peripheral *** res.lts.illus.rate the importance of s.atial s.ale for promoting divers. pos.tive experiences.via active travel,re-gardles. of res.dential *** planning s.rategies.may include enhancing environmental divers.ty near homes.and developing infras.ructure that favours.active over motoris.d travel for s.ort to moderate dis.ances.

关键词： Walking b.king Experiential divers.ty GPs.data s.artphone app Topodivers.ty

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Elucidating elus.ve quaternary s.lenide EuCeCus.3:s.nthes.s.crys.al s.ructure,properties.and theoretical s.udies

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 163-171,I0006页

作者： Maxim V.Grigoriev Anna V.Rus.ikina Maxim s.Molokeev Vladimir A.Chernys.ev Aleks.ndr s.Aleks.ndrovs.y Alexander s.Krylov s.etlana N.Krylova Nikolai P.s.es.akov Dmitriy A.Velikanov Alexander A.Garmonov Alexey V.Matigorov Evgeny A.Os.apchuk Thomas.s.hleid Damir A.s.fin Lab.ratory of Theory and Optimization of Chemical and Technological Proces.es University of TyumenVolodarskogo Str.6625003TyumenRussian Federation Kirens.y Ins.itute of Phys.cs Federal Research Center KSC SB RASAkademgorodok 50 Bld.38660036KrasnoyarskRussian Federation Department of Phys.cs Far Eastern State Transport UniversitySerysheva Str.47680021KrasnoyarskRussian Federation Ins.itute of Natural s.iences.and Mathematics Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N.YeltsinMira Str.19620002EkaterinburgRussian Federation Department of Photonics.and Las.r Technology Siberian Federal UniversitySvobodnii Ave.79660079KrasnoyarskRussian Federation Ins.itute of Phys.cs.and Technology University of TyumenVolodarskogo Str.6625003 TyumenRussian Federation Ins.itute for Inorganic Chemis.ry University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55D-70569StuttgartGermany s.ientific and Educational and Innovation Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N.YeltsinMira Str.19620002 EkaterinburgRussian Federation Univers.ty of Tyumen Volodarskogo Str.6625003TyumenRussian Federation

We report on the novel heterometallic quaternary s.lenide EuCeCus.3,the fab.ication of which has.b.en a challenge until this.*** s.ructure of the reported s.lenide was.elucidated from the powder X-ray diffraction data,which revealed the formation of EuCeCus.3with excellent yield(96.7%)accompanied with a minor fraction of Ces.2(3.3%),and was.b.s. s.lved in orthorhomb.c s.ace group Pnma with the b.LaCus.s.ructural ***,the crys.al s.ructure of the title compound completes.the row of the heterometallic quaternary s.lenides.EuRECus.3(RE=La,Pr,Nd,s.,Eu,Gd,Tb.Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb.Lu,Y),of which the cerium-b.s.d derivative exclus.vely b.longs.to the b.LaCus.s.ructural *** dis.ortion of the Cus.4polyhedron was.compared for the whole s.ries.of EuRECus.3compounds.us.ng theτ4-des.riptor for four coordinated ions.which revealed the highes. degree of dis.ortion for the Ce3+-containing s.lenide,followed b. the La3+-b.s.d ***,the crys.allographic and geometrical parameters.of the reported s.lenide were dis.us.ed in comparis.n to the Ce3+-b.s.d s.lfides.s.CeCus.and *** initio calculations.of the crys.al s.ructure,a phonon s.ectrum and elas.ic cons.ants.for the crys.al of EuCeCus.3were als. *** types.and wavenumb.rs.of fundame ntal modes.were determined and the involvement of ions.participating in the phonon modes.was.*** experimental IR s.ectrum of the reported s.lenide was.interpreted and found to b. in agreement with the calculated *** experimental direct b.nd gap of EuCeCus.3was.meas.red to b. 1.36 eV that is.cons.s.ent with the concept of its.origin due to interb.nd trans.tions.b.tween orb.tals.emerging mainly from 4f(valence b.nd)and 5d(conduction b.nd)levels.of the Eu2+*** dependence of the Young’s.modulus.on the direction demons.rates.the anis.tropy of the elas.ic properties.while the Vickers.hardnes. for EuCeCus.3was.calculated to b. 5.2 ***,the title compound is.paramagnetic ab.ve 4 K.

关键词： Quaternary s.lenide s.nthes.s Crys.al s.ructure Ab.initio calculations Magnetic meas.rements s.ectros.opy

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s.roprevalence s.rvey of HIV and Hepatitis.b.Virus.and b.havioral Characteris.ics.among Heavy Truck Drivers.along Port s.dan-Khartoum Highways

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Open Journal of Medical Microb.ology 2024年第1期14卷 11-22页

作者： s.ra s. Os.an Adam A. Mattar Omnia M. Hamid Faculty of Pub.ic Health Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of Medical Lab.ratory s.iences University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus.(AIDs. and hepatitis.b.virus.among heavy truck drivers.and their as.is.ants.has.b.en well documented glob.lly in correlation with their b.havioral characteris.ics. The pres.nt s.udy aimed to s.reen for human immunodeficiency virus.(HIV), hepatitis.b.virus.(Hb.), and b.havioral characteris.ics.among heavy truck drivers.in Port s.dan. A cros.-s.ctional s.udy was.conducted on 274 heavy truck drivers.and their as.is.ants.who us.d the highway Port s.dan-Khartoum in Port s.dan city during 2019-2021. Data on b.havioral characteris.ics.and s.b.tance us. hab.ts.were collected us.ng a s.ructured ques.ionnaire, and an ELIs. tes. was.us.d to s.reen for HIV and Hb. infections.in the s.udy participants. The chi-s.uare tes., odds.ratio, and confidence intervals.were us.d to find the as.ociation b.tween b.havioral characteris.ics.and s.ropos.tive HIV/Hb.. Of the 274 enrolled participants. the s.roprevalence rates.of HIV were 2.7% and Hb. was.23.7%. Ninety-four (34.3%) of them had a his.ory of high-ris. s.xual b.havior outs.de of marriage;only two (0.7%) us.d condoms.14.2% of participants.reported alcohol us.;and 1.1% reported drug us.. Univariate analys.s.revealed that having a s.x his.ory outs.de of marriage with ≥1 s.x partner and never us.ng a condom with a s.ous. or cas.al partner were s.gnificant ris. factors.for HIV and Hb. among drivers. Fortunately, we found that mos. of the drivers.reported low alcohol and drug us.. Concerning this.s.udy, the s.roprevalence of HIV and Hb. is.highly as.ociated with a his.ory of having s.x outs.de of marriage and s.xual b.havior among truck drivers.and as.is.ances. Additional s.udies.are needed to further inves.igate other s.Is.and b.havioral characteris.ics.as.ociated with factors.in truck drivers.as.is.ance in different truck s.op regions.in s.dan.

关键词： s.xual Trans.itted Infection Port s.dan Truck Drivers.As.is.ance

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s.erm function, mitochondrial activity and in vivo fertility are as.ociated to their mitochondrial DNA content in pigs

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Journal of Animal s.ience and b.otechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1550-1558页

作者： Marc Llavanera Yentel Mateo‑Otero Es.el Vinolas.Vergés.s.rgi b.net Marc Yes.e Unit of Cell b.ology Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain b.otechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction(Technos.erm) Institute of Food and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of GironaGirona ES‑17003Spain Catalan Ins.itution for Res.arch and Advanced s.udies.ICREA) Barcelona ES‑08010Spain

b.ckground Des.ite their low ab.ndance in s.erm, mitochondria have divers. functions.in this.cell type, includ-ing energy production, s.gnalling and calcium regulation. In humans. s.erm mitochondrial DNA content(mtDNAc) has.b.en reported to b. negatively linked to s.erm function and fertility. Yet, the as.ociation b.tween mtDNAc and s.erm function in lives.ock remains.unexplored. For this.reas.n, this.s.udy aimed to s.ed s.me light on the link b.tween mtDNAc and s.erm function and fertilis.ng potential in pigs. A qPCR method for mtDNAc quantification was.optimis.d for pig s.erm, and the as.ociation of this.parameter with s.erm motility, kinematics. mitochondrial activity, and fertility was.s.b.equently *** Firs., the q PCR method was.found to b. s.ns.tive and efficient for mtDNAc quantification in pig s.erm. b. us.ng this.technique, mtDNAc was.ob.erved to b. as.ociated to s.erm motility, mitochondrial activity and in vivo, b.t not in vitro, fertility outcomes. s.ecifically, s.erm with low mtDNAc were s.en to exhib.t greater motility b.t decreas.d mitochondrial activity and intracellular reactive oxygen s.ecies. Interes.ingly, s.mples.with lower mtD-NAc s.owed higher conception and farrowing rates. b.t s.milar in vitro fertilis.tion rates.and emb.yo development, when compared to thos. with greater *** Thes. findings.enrich our comprehens.on of the as.ociation of mtDNAc with s.erm b.ology, and lay the foundation for future res.arch into employing this.parameter as.a molecular predictor for s.erm function and fer-tility in lives.ock.

关键词： Fertility Mitochondria Motility mtDNA copy numb.r qPCR s.erm

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Decompos.tion s.lutions.and b.cklund trans.ormations.of the b.type and C-type Kadomts.v–Petvias.vili equations

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Communications.in Theoretical Phys.cs 2024年第6期 36-46页

作者： Xiazhi Hao s.Y Lou College of s.ience Zhejiang University of Technology s.hool of Phys.cal s.ience and Technology Ningbo University

This.paper introduces.a modified formal variab.e s.paration approach, s.owcas.ng a s.s.ematic and notab.y s.raightforward methodology for analyzing the b.type Kadomts.v–Petvias.vili(b.P) equation. Through the application of this.approach, we s.cces.fully as.ertain decompos.tion s.lutions. b.cklund trans.ormations. the Lax pair, and the linear s.perpos.tion s.lution as.ociated with the aforementioned equation. Furthermore, we expand the utilization of this.technique to the C-type Kadomts.v–Petvias.vili(CKP) equation, leading to the derivation of decompos.tion s.lutions. b.cklund trans.ormations. and the Lax pair s.ecific to this.*** res.lts.ob.ained not only unders.ore the efficacy of the propos.d approach, b.t als. highlight its.potential in offering a profound comprehens.on of integrab.e b.haviors.in nonlinear s.s.ems. Moreover, this.approach demons.rates.an efficient framework for es.ab.is.ing interrelations.b.tween divers. s.s.ems.

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Temperature and s.ructure meas.rements.of heavy-ion-heated diamond us.ng in s.tu X-ray diagnos.ics

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hes.elb.ch M.s.horner V.b.gnoud R.b.likov P.Drechs.l b.Heus.r O.s.umphries.P.Katrik b.Lindqvis. C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley G.s.haumann s.s.humacher A.Taus.hwitz D.Varents.v K.Weyrich X.Yu b.Zielb.uer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.Kraus Ins.itut fur Phys.k Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany Gs. Helmholtzzentrum fur s.hwerionenfors.hung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Ins.itut für Angewandte Phys.k Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Ins.itut fur Geowis.ens.haften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dres.en-Ros.endorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL Gmb. Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plas.a Phys.cs School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Ins.itut für Kernphys.k Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany s.ate Key Lab.ratory of Nuclear Phys.cs.and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Ins.itut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We pres.nt in s.tu meas.rements.of s.ectrally res.lved X-ray s.attering and X-ray diffraction from monocrys.alline diamond s.mples.heatedwith an intens. puls. of heavy *** this.way,we determine the s.mples.heating dynamics.and their micros.opic and macros.opic s.ructuralintegrity over a times.an of s.veral *** the ratio of elas.ic to inelas.ic s.attering with s.ate-of-the-art dens.ty functionaltheory molecular dynamics.s.mulations.allows.the inference of average temperatures.around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions.froms.opping power *** s.multaneous.diffraction meas.rements.s.ow no hints.of any volumetric graphitization of the material,b.tdo indicate the ons.t of fracture in the diamond *** experiments.pave the way for future s.udies.at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Res.arch,where a s.b.tantially increas.d intens.ty of the heavy ion b.am will b. availab.e.

关键词： heated intens. s.ructure

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