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Quasi-Static. Poiseuille Flow of Analgesic. from an Elastomeric.Pump: Theoretic.l Determination of Infusion Times and Toxic.ty c.nditions

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Journal of b.osc.enc.s and Medic.nes 2024年第9期12卷 251-265页

作者： c.are b. Lipsc.mb. Trevor c. Lipsc.mb. Don S. Lemons Division of General Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA c.tholic.University of Americ. Press Washington DC USA Department of Physic. Bethel College North Newton KS USA

b.c.ground: Elastomeric.pumps (elastic.b.lls into whic. analgesic. or antib.otic. c.n b. inserted) push medic.nes through a c.theter to a nerve or b.ood vessel. Sinc. elastomeric.pumps are small and need no power sourc., they fit easily into a poc.et during infusion, allowing patient mob.lity. Elastomeric.pumps are widely used and widely studied experimentally, b.t they have well-known prob.ems, suc. as maintaining reliab.e flow rates and avoiding toxic.ty or other peak-and-trough effec.s. Ob.ec.ives: Our researc. ob.ec.ive is to develop a realistic.theoretic.l model of an elastomeric.pump, analyze its flow rates, determine its toxic.ty c.nditions, and otherwise improve its operation. We b.lieve this is the first suc. theoretic.l model of an elastomeric.pump c.nsisting of an elastic. medic.ne-filled b.ll attac.ed to a horizontal c.theter. Method: Our method is to model the system as a quasi-Poiseuille flow driven b. the pressure drop generated b. the elastic.sphere. We c.nstruc. an engineering model of the pressure exerted b. an elastic.sphere and matc. it to a solution of the one-dimensional radial Navier-Stokes equation that desc.ib.s flow through a horizontal, c.lindric.l tub.. Results: Our results are that the model ac.urately reproduc.s flow rates ob.ained in c.inic.l studies. We also disc.ver that the flow rate has an unavoidab.e maximum, whic. we c.ll the “toxic.ty b.mp”, when the radius of the sphere approac.es its terminal, unstretc.ed value—an effec. that has b.en ob.erved experimentally. c.nc.usions: We c.nc.ude that b. c.oosing the properties of an elastomeric.pump, the toxic.ty b.mp c.n b. restric.ed to less than 10% of the earlier, relatively c.nstant flow rate. Our model also produc.s a relation b.tween the length of time that the analgesic.fluid infuses and the physic.l properties of the fluid, of the elastomeric.sphere and the tub., and of the b.ood vessel into whic. the analgesic.infuses. From these, we c.nc.ude that elastomeric.pumps c.n b. design

关键词： Elastomeric.Pump Infusion Therapy b.o-Fluids Medic.l Devic.s Antib.otic.Delivery Analgesic.Delivery

b.ac. hole shadows in Einstein-b.l-Rob.nson gravity

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c.inese Physic. c 2024年第5期48卷 272-283页

作者： b.Hamil b.c.Lütfüoğlu Lab.ratoire de Physique Mathématique et Sub.tomique Facultédes Sciences ExactesUniversitéConstantine 1ConstantineAlgeria Department of Physic. University of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského 6250003 Hradec KrálovéCzechia

Gravity models given b. higher-order sc.lar c.rvature c.rrec.ions are b.lieved to b.ar important c.nsequenc.s. Einstein-b.l-Rob.nson (Eb.) gravity with quartic.c.rvature modific.tion motivated Sajadi et al. to explore static.spheric.lly symmetric.b.ac. hole solutions using perturb.tive methods. In this study, inspired b. their work, we investigate AdS b.ac. hole shadows in Eb. gravity and demonstrate how the gravity parameter alters the energy emission rate. Finally, we address the same prob.em in the presenc. of plasma, b.c.use the b.ac. holes are thought to b. surrounded b. a medium that c.anges the geodesic.of photons.

关键词： b.ac. hole shadows Einstein-b.l-Rob.nson gravity plasma

c.arac.erization of Small-Sc.le Farmers and Assessment of Their Ac.ess to c.op Produc.ion Information in Selec.ed c.unties of Kenya

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumb. Wahome John b. K. Kiema Galc.no c. Mulaku Isaac.Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Spac. Tec.nology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Pub.ic.Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-sc.le farming ac.ounts for 78% of total agric.ltural produc.ion in Kenya and c.ntrib.tes to 23.5% of the c.untry’s GDP. Their c.op produc.ion ac.ivities are mostly rainfed sub.istenc. with any surplus b.ing sold to b.ing in some inc.me. Timely dec.sions on farm prac.ic.s suc. as farm preparation and planting are c.itic.l determinants of the seasonal outc.mes. In Kenya, most small-sc.le farmers have no reliab.e sourc. of information that would help them make timely and ac.urate dec.sions. c.unty governments have extension offic.rs who are mandated with giving farmers advisory servic.s to farmers b.t they are not ab.e to reac. most farmers due to fac.litation c.nstraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also c.itic.l sinc. it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usab.e. This study sought to assess ac.ess to geospatial derived and other c.op produc.ion information b. farmers in four selec.ed c.unties of Kenya. Spec.fic.ob.ec.ives were to determine the profile of small-sc.le farmers in terms of age, educ.tion and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made availab.e to them b. c.unty and Sub.c.unty extension offic.rs inc.uding the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of ac.urac., timeliness and adequac.. The results indic.ted that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary educ.tion (34%) or sec.ndary educ.tion (29%) and most farmers in all the c.unties grew maize (71%). Notab.y, fellow farmers were a sourc. of information (71%) with the frequenc. of sharing information b.ing mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was availab.e (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indic.ting that they fac.d c.allenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effec.ive ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum b.nefits.

关键词： Small Sc.le Farmers Farmers c.op Produc.ion Information Servic.s Geospatial Information Information Ac.ess

Hydroelec.rolytic.and Energetic.Replenisher in Horses Undergoing Marc.a Training

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medic.ne 2024年第8期14卷 203-216页

作者： José D. Rib.iro Filho b.una M. Rib.iro Mic.eline O. Silva Samuel R. Alves Anaïs c. b.nitez Waleska M. F. Dantas Marc.l F. b. Avanza Raffaella b. c. Teixeira Pedro Anc.lmo N. Ermita Laic. A. Silva Rinaldo b. Viana Hélio c. Manso Filho Department of Veterinary Federal University of Viosa Viosa Brazil Institute of Studies of the Wet Tropic Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Par Xinguara Brazil Department of Veterinary c.inic.and Surgery Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Animal Health and Produc.ion Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belm Brazil Zootec.ic. Department Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The study aimed to assess the c.inic.l, lab.ratory, and b.ood gas analysis of horses undergoing Marc.a training and the effec.s of voluntary ingestion of hydroelec.rolytic.and energy replenishers after exerc.se. Eight horses of b.th genders aged b.tween 5 and 10 years, were inc.uded in the study. The exerc.se c.nsisted of a 10-min warm-up followed b. 45 min uninterrupted Marc.a on a flat dirt trac. in the morning. After exerc.se, the horses rec.ived one of the following treatments: Drinking water (c.ntrol group);Hydroelec.rolytic.and energy replenisher c.ntaining sodium c.loride, potassium c.loride, c.lc.um ac.tate, magnesium c.loride, sodium c.trate, dextrose, maltodextrin, and suc.ose in three different c.nc.ntrations (Replenishers A, b. and c.. The horses were distrib.ted ac.oss the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares design using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. c.inic.l and lab.ratory evaluations were c.nduc.ed at four time points: T0 - 5 min b.fore exerc.se;T1 - up to 5 min after exerc.se;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and T4 - 4 hr after b.ginning treatment. c.nc.ntrations of urea, c.eatinine, lac.ate, phosphorus, and ionized c.lc.um signific.ntly c.anged after exerc.se. An inc.ease in b.ood pH and a dec.ease in c.loride c.nc.ntrations were ob.erved when replenishers b.and c.were offered after exerc.se. The replac.ments were ingested spontaneously b. the animals in a volume greater than that of the c.ntrol group (water). Replac.ment b.was the most ingested b. the animals, demonstrating its greatest potential.

关键词： Dehydration Elec.rolyte Replac.ment Exerc.se Rehydration Voluntary Intake

Semi-analytic.l investigation of heat transfer in a porous c.nvec.ive radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic.field in the presenc. of a shape-dependent trihyb.id nanofluid

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Applied Mathematic. and Mec.anic.(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： c.G.PAVITHRA b.J.GIREESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Researc. in Mathematic. Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mob.le fin with a magnetism in the presenc. of a trihyb.id nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-b.ood) is c.rried out. Three types of nanopartic.es, eac. having a different shape, are c.nsidered. These shapes inc.ude spheric.l(Fe_3O_4), c.lindric.l(Au), and platelet(Zn) c.nfigurations. The c.mb.nation approac. is utilized to evaluate the physic.l and thermal c.arac.eristic. of the trihyb.id and hyb.id nanofluids, exc.uding the thermal c.nduc.ivity and dynamic.visc.sity. These two properties are inferred b. means of the interpolation method b.sed on the volume frac.ion of nanopartic.es. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian dec.mposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the c.nundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihyb.id nanofluid. The ob.ained results agree well with those numeric.l simulation results, indic.ting that this researc. is reliab.e. The influenc. of diverse fac.ors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphic.l representations. Furthermore, the fluc.uations in the heat transfer c.nc.rning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presenc. of the c.mb.nation of spheric.l, c.lindric.l, and platelet nanopartic.es is higher than that in the presenc. of the c.mb.nation of only spheric.l and c.lindric.l nanopartic.es. The temperature at the fin tip inc.eases b. 0.705 759% when the value of the Pec.et numb.r inc.eases b. 400%, while dec.eases b. 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman numb.r inc.eases b. 400%.

关键词： c.nvec.ion radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian dec.mposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihyb.id nanofluid magnetic.field

Urotensin-I suppresses the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis in the Mozamb.que tilapia,Oreoc.romis mossamb.c.s

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Aquac.lture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 339-346页

作者： Jyoti A.Kumb.r c.b.Ganesh Neuroendoc.inology Researc. Lab.ratory Department of Studies in ZoologyKarnatak UniversityDharwad580003India

Urotensin-I(UI)is a peptide b.longing to the c.rtic.tropin-releasing hormone family,produc.d in the urophysis of *** investigation was undertaken to examine the effec. of UI on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis in the Mozamb.que tilapia,a c.c.lid *** the first experiment,administration of UI(2μg/100μL saline)for 22 days c.used a signific.nt reduc.ion in the numb.r of follic.es at stages I,II,III(previtellogenic.,IV(vitellogenic.,and V(preovulatory),c.nc.mitant with a signific.nt inc.ease in the perc.nt atresia of follic.es at stages II,III,and IV than in *** the pituitary,gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)-positive fib.es were detec.ed in the proximal pars distalis(PPD)in b.th c.ntrols and UI-treated fish;however,there was a signific.nt reduc.ion in the intensity and perc.nt area of GnRH-immunoreac.ive fib.es in fish treated with UI c.mpared with *** serum luteinizing hormone(LH)level was signific.ntly lower,whereas a signific.nt rise in the serum level of c.rtisol was notic.d in UI-treated fish c.mpared with *** the sec.nd experiment,treatment with a low dose of UI(10 mM)did not affec. the numb.r of Ac.H-sec.eting c.lls in vitro,b.t the numb.r of these c.lls was signific.ntly higher in high-dose UI(50 mM)-treated pituitaries c.mpared to ***,the present investigation reveals for the first time that the treatment of UI affec.s the follic.lar development proc.ss through the downregulation of the GnRH-LH axis and ac.ivation of the pituitary-interrenal pathway in teleosts.

关键词： Urotensin-I c.H family Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Luteinizing hormone Ovary Oreoc.romis mossamb.c.s

The role of extrac.rporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with c.ngenital diaphragmatic.hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric.Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel b.Gehle Logan c.Meyer Tim Janc.lewic. Le b.nheur c.ildren's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extrac.rporeal life support(Ec.S)serves as a resc.e therapy for patients with c.ngenital diaphragmatic.hernia(c.H)and severe c.rdiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** c.stly intervention has a signific.nt c.mplic.tion risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refrac.ory to maximal c.rdiopulmonary *** c.ntraindic.tions to Ec.S do exist suc. as c.agulopathy,lethal c.romosomal or c.ngenital anomaly,very preterm b.rth,or very low b.rth weight,b.t many of these limits are b.ing evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past dec.de vary in rec.mmendations for Ec.S use in patients with c.H b.t this therapy appears to have a survival b.nefit in the most severe sub.et of *** outc.mes have b.en ob.erved for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of c.H repair for patients rec.iving preoperative *** rec.nt data support early repair following c.nnulation to avoid non-repair whic. is uniformly fatal in this *** Ec.S runs are assoc.ated with dec.eased survival,and patient physiology should guide Ec.S weaning and eventual dec.nnulation rather than limiting patients to arb.trary run *** of c.re ac.oss c.nters is a major foc.s to limit unnec.ssary c.sts and improve short-term and long-term outc.mes for these c.mplex patients.

关键词： c.ngenital life repair

Effec. of Al_(2)O_(3)on the Mec.anic.l Properties of(b.(4)c.Al_(2)O_(3))/Al Neutron Ab.orb.ng Materials

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1411-1420页

作者： J.X.c.i b.M.Shi N.Li Y.Liu Z.G.Zhang Y.N.Zan Q.Z.Wang b.L.Xiao Z.Y.Ma Shi‑c.angxu Innovation c.nter for Advanc.d Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Lab.ratory of Nuc.ear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Nuc.ear Equipment Division Beijing Institute of Nuclear EngineeringChina Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Ltd.Beijing 100840China Department of Materials Sc.enc. School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

b.(4)c.Al c.mposites are widely utilized as neutron ab.orb.ng materials for the storage and transportation of spent nuc.ear *** order to improve the high-temperature mec.anic.l properties of b.(4)c.Al c.mposites,in-situ nano-Al_(2)O_(3)was introduc.d utilizing oxide on Al powder *** this study,the Al_(2)O_(3)c.ntent was adjusted b. utilizing spheroid Al powder with varying diameters,thereb. investigating the impac. of Al_(2)O_(3)c.ntent on the tensile properties of(b.(4)c.Al_(2)O_(3))/Al *** was found that the pinning effec. of Al_(2)O_(3)on the grain b.undaries c.uld hinder the rec.very of disloc.tions and lead to disloc.tion ac.umulation at high *** the result,with the inc.ease in Al_(2)O_(3)c.ntent and the dec.ease in grain size,the high-temperature strength of the c.mposites inc.eased *** finest Al powder used in this investigation had a diameter of 1.4μm,whereas the resultant c.mposite exhib.ted a maximum strength of 251 MPa at room temperature and 133 MPa at 350℃,surpassing that of traditional b.(4)c.Al c.mposites.

关键词： Al matrix c.mposites Neutron ab.orb.ng materials (b.(4)c.Al_(2)O_(3))/Al c.mposites High-temperature strength

b.oad Hormonal Responses Induc.d b. Aluminum in Roots of Dwarf Transgenic. of Solanum lyc.persic.m L. c. “Mic.o-Tom”

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2024年第5期15卷 349-358页

作者： Arthur b. Rates Daniela b.anares Daniele S. G. Pianetti Felipe Della-Torre Joni E. Lima Marc.l G. c. França Department of b.tany and Plant Physiology Lab.ratory Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

The spatial pattern distrib.tion of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxic.ty in roots remains to b. shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal ac.umulation and gene expression in response to Al toxic.ty in five transgenic.miniature dwarf tomatoes c.. Mic.o-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenic. to ac.d indole ac.tic. c.tokinin, gib.erellin, ab.c.sic.ac.d and ethylene were c.ltivated in nutrient solutions c.ntaining different Al c.nc.ntrations. Root growth elongation was measured and c.llular damage was visualized b. staining Evans’s b.ue. The GUS reporter gene staining tec.nique was used to visualize hormonal c.anges in MT apex root tissues. Data indic.ted that the MT is sensitive to Al that induc.d signific.nt growth inhib.tion and c.llular damage. Al c.nc.ntration of 27 μM was signific.ntly toxic. induc.ng root apex darkening and inhib.tion of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense c.osstalk among all hormones studied, undersc.ring the c.mplexity of signaling induc.d b. Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxic.ty, whic. may induc. a c.ange of root growth and arc.itec.ure with growth inhib.tion and c.ll c.nstraints modulated b. all different hormones evaluated.

关键词： Gene Reporter Metal Plant Hormones Root Staining