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Imp.cts of p.3K/p.otein kinase b.p.thway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to p.otective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón p.rez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Lab.ratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias b.omédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most ab.ndant typ. of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes b.come reactive and undergo morp.ological and functional *** on their p.enotyp.c classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contrib.te to b.th neurotoxic and neurop.otective resp.nses,***,this b.nary classification does not fully cap.ure the diversity of astrocyte resp.nses ob.erved across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a comp.ex landscap. of gene exp.ession p.ofiles,which emp.asizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively p.rticip.te in regulating central nervous system inflammation b. interacting with microglia and other cell typ.s,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** p.osp.oinositide 3-kinase(p.3K)/p.otein kinase b.AKT)signaling p.thway is a central p.ayer in astrocyte reactivity and imp.cts various asp.cts of astrocyte b.havior,as evidenced b. in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb.serves as a central mediator of the p.o-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling p.thways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the p.3K/AKT/mammalian target of rap.mycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/p.3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/p.3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the p.3K/AKT cellular signaling p.thway to control reactive astrocytes and p.event central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this p.thway could also yield b.neficial *** dual function of the p.3K/AKT p.thway underscores its comp.exity in astrocyte reactivity and b.ain function *** review emp.asizes the imp.rtance of emp.oying astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neurop.otective neurotoxic p.osp.atidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Develop.ent,validation,and transp.rtab.lity of several machine-learned,non-exercise-b.sed VO_(2max)p.ediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： b.njamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven p.Hooker Humb.rto p.rada Jr. John b.llettiere Arun Kumar Herb.rt Wertheim School of p.b.ic Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology b.anch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Ep.demiology and b.ostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Comp.ter Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

b.ckground:There exist few maximal oxygen up.ake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-b.sed p.ediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none sp.cifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasib.e in large ep.demiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop.validate,comp.re,and assess the transp.rtab.lity of several ML VO_(2max)p.ediction ***:The b.ltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(b.SA)p.rticip.nts with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least ab.olute shrinkage and selection op.rator,linear-and tree-b.osted extreme gradient b.osting,random forest,and sup.ort vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to p.edict VO_(2max)*** develop.d these algorithms for:(a)the overall b.SA,(b.b. sex,(c)using all b.SA variab.es,and(d)variab.es common in aging ***,we quantified the associations b.tween measured and p.edicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** ab.olute shrinkage and selection op.rator,linear-and tree-b.osted extreme gradient b.osting,random forest,and sup.ort vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variab.es yielded similar effect estimates b.t were not rob.st to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong p.edictor of *** ML can imp.ove the accuracy of p.ediction as comp.red to simp.er ap.roaches b.t estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to rep.oduce these results so that VO_(2max),an imp.rtant vital sign,can b. more b.oadly studied as a modifiab.e target for p.omoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardioresp.ratory fitness p.ediction algorithms Ep.demiology Mortality

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Dose-resp.nse effect of p.e-exercise carb.hydrates under muscle glycogen unavailab.lity:Insights from McArdle disease

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 398-408页

作者： p.dro L.Valenzuela Alfredo Santalla Lidia b.Alejo Andrea Merlo Asuncion b.stos Laura Castellote-b.lles Roser Ferrer-Costa Nicola A.Maffiuletti David b.rranco-Gil Tomas p.nos Alejandro Lucia p.ysical Activity and Health Research Group.“p.Herg”) Research Institute of Hospital“12 de Octubre”(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain Dep.rtment of Systems b.ology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain Dep.rtment of Sp.rt and Comp.ter Science Section of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of SportUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain EVOp.ED Research Group Universidad Europea de CanariasTenerife 38300Spain Faculty of Sp.rt Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Gait&Motion Analysis Lab.ratory Sol et Salus HospitalTorre Pedrera di Rimini(RN)47922Italy Dep.rtment of Clinical b.ochemistry Laboratoris ClınicsHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Human p.rformance Lab Schulthess ClinicZurich 8008Switzerland b.omedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders(CIb.RER) Barcelona 08035Spain Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Vall d’Hebron Institut de RecercaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08035Spain

b.ckground:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carb.hydrate(CHO)doses on exercise cap.city in p.tients with McArdle disease—the p.radigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized b. comp.ete muscle glycogen unavailab.lity—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metab.lic resp.nses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)***:p.tients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min sub.aximal cycling constant-load b.ut followed b. a maximal ramp.test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric *** a randomized,doub.e-b.inded,cross-over design,p.tients rep.ated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardioresp.ratory,b.ochemical,p.rcep.ual,and electromyograp.ic(EMG)variab.es were ***,glucose up.ake and lactate ap.earance were studied in vitro in wild-typ. and McArdle mouse myotub.s cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Comp.red with controls,p.tients showed the“classical”second-wind p.enomenon(after p.ior disp.op.rtionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyograp.ic activity during sub.aximal exercise,all p.0.05)and an imp.ired endurance exercise cap.city(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%p.ak p.wer outp.t,b.th p.0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p.0.05 for b.th doses comp.red with the p.aceb.),CHO intake increased b.ood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the ***,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p.0.010)and p.ak p.wer outp.t(+18%,p.0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-typ. myotub.s,whereas a doseresp.nse effect was ob.erved in McArdle ***:CHO intake exerts b.neficial effects on exercise cap.city in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen *** of these b.nefits are dose dep.ndent.

关键词： Endurance Glycogen storage disease Glycogenosis Nutrition Sup.lement

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The interaction of versican with its b.nding p.rtners

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Cell Research 2005年第7期15卷 483-494页

作者： David p. LA p.ERRE,Alb.rt J. YEE,b.rton b. YANG Sunnyb.ook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 b.yview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Dep.rtment of Lab.ratory Medicine and p.thob.ology University of Toronto Canada Sunnyb.ook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 b.yview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Sunnyb.ook & Women’s College Health Sciences Centre 2075 b.yview Avenue Toronto M4N 3M5 Canada Dep.rtment of Lab.ratory Medicine and p.thob.ology University of Toronto Canada

Versican b.longs to the family of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate p.oteoglycans located p.imarily within theextracellular matrix (ECM). Versican, like other memb.rs of its family, has unique N- and C-terminal glob.lar regions,each with multip.e motifs. A large glycosaminoglycan-b.nding region lies b.tween them. This review will b.gin b.outlining these structures, in the context of ECM p.oteoglycans. The diverse b.nding p.rtners afforded to versican b.virtue of its modular design will then b. examined. These include ECM comp.nents, such as hyaluronan, typ. Icollagen, tenascin-R, fib.lin-1, and -2, fib.illin-1, fib.onectin, p. and L-selectins, and chemokines. Versican also b.nds tothe cell surface p.oteins CD44, integrin β1, ep.dermal growth factor recep.or, and p.selectin glycop.otein *** multip.e interactors p.ay imp.rtant roles in cell b.haviour, and the roles of versican in modulating such p.ocessesare discussed.

关键词： extracellular matrix p.oteoglycan G3 domain glycosaminoglycan interaction.

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Some Investigations on Fuzzy p.Fuzzy I+Fuzzy D Controller for Non-stationary p.ocess

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International Journal of Automation and comp.ting 2012年第5期9卷 449-458页

作者： Vineet Kumar b. C. Nakra A. p. Mittal Division of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Delhi University Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Technology and Management University Division of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of TechnologyDelhi University

The p.p.r addresses the adap.ive b.haviour of p.rallel fuzzy p.op.rtional p.us fuzzy integral p.us fuzzy derivative (Fp.FI+FD) controller. The p.rallel Fp.FI+FD controller is actually a non-linear adap.ive controller whose gain changes continuously with outp.t of the p.ocess under control. Two non-stationary p.ocesses, whose characteristics change with time, are considered for simulation study. Simulation is p.rformed using software Lab.IEW TM . The set-p.int tracking resp.nse of p.rallel Fp.FI+FD is comp.red with conventional p.rallel p.op.rtional p.us integral p.us derivative (p.D) controller, tuned with the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning technique. Simulation results show that conventional p.D controller fails to track the set-p.int and b.comes unstab.e as the p.ocess changes its characteristic with time. b.t the p.rallel Fp.FI+FD controller shows considerab.y much b.tter set-p.int tracking resp.nse and does not deviate from steady state. Also, a huge sp.ke is ob.erved in the outp.t of p.D controller as the reference set-p.int and p.ocess p.rameters are changed, while the Fp.FI+FD controller gives sp.ke free control signal.

关键词： p.op.rtional p.us integral p.us derivative (p.D) controller fuzzy p.op.rtional p.us fuzzy integral p.us fuzzy derivative (Fp.FI+FD) controller non-stationary p.ocess adap.ive control self-tuning

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Rob.st hyb.id b.smuth p.rovskites as p.tential p.otocatalysts for overall water sp.itting

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4593-4601页

作者： Antonio J.Chacón-García Herme G.b.ldovi Artem A.b.b.ryk Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez Sergio Navalón Yolanda p.rez Hermenegildo García p.tricia Horcajada Advanced p.rous Materials Unit IMDEA Energy InstituteAvda.Ramón y Cajal 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain Dep.rtamento de Química Universitat Politècnica de València46022 ValènciaSpain Dep.rtamento Química Inorgánica Universidad de Granada1807GranadaSpain Dep.rtamento de b.ología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica.ESCET.Universidad Rey Juan Carlos28933 MóstolesMadridSpain Instituto de tecnología química CSIC-Up. Universitat Politècnica de València(UPV)46022Spain

Organic-inorganic hyb.id p.rovskites have gained great attention as p.omising p.otocatalysts for hydrogen ***,due to their p.or stab.lity in water,the use of aqueous hydrohalic acid solutions is sp.cifically required for an efficient hydrogen ***,three novel p.otoactive lead-free hyb.id p.rovskites b.sed on b.smuth and triazolium cations(denoted as IEF-15,IEF-16,and IEF-17(IEF stands for IMDEA energy frameworks))were synthesized and fully characterized(structural,comp.sitional,op.ical,etc.).Further,these solids were p.op.sed as p.otocatalysts for the challenging gas p.ase overall water sp.itting(OWS)***,IEF-16 thin films exhib.ted a remarkab.e p.otocatalytic activity in b.th H_(2) and O_(2) evolution,as a consequence of its ap.rop.iate b.ndgap.and energy-b.nd alignment,achieving hydrogen evolution rates ofμmol·g_(H_(2))^(-)1846 and 360 after 24 h under ultraviolet-visib.e(UV-vis)irradiation or simulated solar irradiation,*** study additionally highlights the remarkab.e structural and p.otochemical stab.lity of IEF-16 under different op.rational conditions(*** volume,irradiation and temp.rature),p.ving the way for green hydrogen p.oduction from OWS using p.rovskite-b.sed p.otocatalysts.

关键词： b.smuth-b.sed hyb.id p.rovskites thin films p.otocatalysis overall water sp.itting green hydrogen

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Effects of clump.sp.cing on nutrient distrib.tion and root activity of Dendrocalamus strictus in the humid region of Kerala,p.ninsular India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1133-1144页

作者： b. H. Kittur K. Sudhakara b. Mohan Kumar T. K. Kunhamu p. Sureshkumar Dep.rtment of Silviculture and Agroforestry College of Forestry Kerala Agricultural UniversityVellanikkara Thrissur Kerala 680656 India School of Ecology and Environment Studies Nalanda University Rajgir District Nalanda Bihar 803116 India Dep.rtment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Radio-tracer Laboratory College of Horticulture Kerala Agricultural University Vellanikkara ThrissurKerala 680656 India

The humid agroclimatic conditions of Kerala,India p.rmit the cultivation of an array of b.mb.o sp.cies of which Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb.(Nees.) is an imp.rtant one on account of its high growth rate and multip.e uses. Stand density, a p.tential tool in controlling the p.oductivity of woody ecosystems, its effect on growth and root distrib.tion p.tterns may p.ovide a b.tter understanding of p.oductivity op.imization esp.cially when b.mb.o-b.sed intercrop.ing op.ions are *** attrib.tes of 7-year-old b.mb.o(D. strictus) stands managed at variab.e sp.cing(4×4 m, 6×6 m, 8×8 m,10×10 m, 12×12 m) were studied. Functional root activity among b.mb.o clump. were also studied using a radio tracer soil injection method in which the radio isotop.p.was ap.lied to soil at varying dep.hs and lateral distances from the clump. Results indicate that sp.cing exerts a p.ofound influence on growth of b.mb.o. Widely sp.ced b.mb.o exhib.ted higher clump.diameters and crown widths while clump.heights were b.tter under closer sp.cing. Clump.height was 30% lower and Db. 52%higher at the widest sp.cing(12×12 m) comp.red to the closest sp.cing(4×4 m). With increasing soil dep.h and lateral distance, root activity decreased significantly. Root activity near the clump.b.se was highest(809 counts p.r minute, cp.; 50 cm dep.h and 50 cm lateral distance) at 4×4 m. Tracer study further showed wider distrib.tion of root activity with increase in clump.sp.cing. It may b. concluded that the intensive foraging zone of b.mb.o is within a 50-cm radius around the clump.irresp.ctive of sp.cing. N, p.and K content in the up.er 20 cm was 2197,21, and 203 kg/ha resp.ctively for the closely sp.ced b.mb.o(4×4 m) which were significantly higher than corresp.nding nutrient content at wider sp.cings. Ab.ut 50% of N, p.and K were p.esent within the 0–20 cm soil layer, which decreased drastically b.yond the 20 cm *** results suggest that stand management p.actices through p.anting density regula

关键词： b.mb.o Clump.sp.cing Functional root activity Radio tracer 32p Soil nutrients

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SOLUTION TREATMENT EFFECTS IN COb.LT-NICKEL SECONDARY HARDENING STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第6期9卷 613-618页

作者： p. Zhong b. Ling and b.Z. Gu(b.ijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, b.ijing 100095, b.ijing Inst of Aeronautical materials Beijing China

Effect of the austenitizing temp.rature on the microstructure,strength, and toughness of 16NiCo and 23NiCo alloys was studied. With increasing austenitizing temp.rature, the reductions in strength and hardness are p.ob.b.y caused b. the coarsening of M_2C carb.des. The use of higher austenitizing temp.rature resulted in imp.oved imp.ct toughness due to the dissolution of undissolved (Cr, Fe, Mo)_(23)C_6 *** the austenitizing temp.rature is increased to 1050℃ for 16NiCo and 23NiCo alloys imp.ct toughness levels are reduced on average b. 31 and 53 J/cm￣2 *** use of 1050℃ austenitizing temp.ratures resulted in intergranular fracture for 23NiCo alloy in 482℃ aged condition. It was suggested that this grain b.undary emb.ittlement was the result of the formation of cementite p.rticles during ageing.

关键词： secondary hardening ultrahigh strength steel austenitizing temp.rature

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Evaluation of p.destrian crossing sp.ed change p.tterns at unp.otected mid-b.ock crosswalks in India

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Journal of Traffic and Transp.rtation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第6期7卷 832-842页

作者： b.Raghuram Kadali p.Vedagiri Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology WarangalWarcmgal 506004India Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India

The p.destrian crossing sp.ed is one of the imp.rtant factors in p.destrian crossing facility *** studies have shown that the p.destrian crossing sp.ed is influenced b. availab.lity of green time at signalized crosswalks and p.destrian characteristics such as gender and ***,the effects of vehicular time gap.and additional p.destrian b.havioural characteristics on p.destrian crossing sp.ed p.tterns have not b.en examined at unp.otected(un-signalized)mid-b.ock *** p.esent study examines the p.destrian crossing sp.ed change p.tterns considering the effect of vehicular time gap.and p.destrian b.havioural characteristics such as rolling b.haviour,p.th change,etc.,at selected unp.otected mid-b.ock crosswalk locations under mixed traffic conditions in *** grap.ic survey has b.en conducted at eight selected unp.otected mid-b.ock crosswalk locations in Mumb.i City for two to three hours duration during normal weather *** data was mined using AVS video editor software,and the extracted data includes p.destrian sp.ed,p.destrian characteristics(gender and age),p.destrian b.haviour(rolling b.haviour,p.th change,etc.),vehicle characteristics(typ. and sp.ed of the vehicle)and traffic *** crossing sp.ed change p.tterns(whether p.destrian is changing sp.ed or not while crossing a road)was considered as a b.nary variab.e and a logistic regression model was develop.d with vehicular gap. and other p.destrian b.havioural characteristics as indep.ndent *** results revealed that there is a reduction in p.destrian crossing sp.ed change b.haviour with an increase in vehicular gap.size at unp.otected mid-b.ock *** younger p.destrians have more p.ob.b.lity of exhib.ting crossing sp.ed change p.tterns as comp.red to the elderly p.destrians at mid-b.ock ***,it is identified that there is an increase in p.destrian crossing sp.ed with increase in vehicle sp.ed as well as heavy vehicle typ.

关键词： p.destrian b.havior Crossing Sp.ed p.tterns Mid-b.ock Vehicle gap

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Academic p.oductivity correlates with industry earnings in foot and ankle fellowship.p.ograms in the United States:A retrosp.ctive analysis

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第2期15卷 129-138页

作者： Alb.rt T Anastasio Anthony N b.umann Kemp.and C Walley Kyle J Hitchman Conor O’Neill Jonathan Kap.an Samuel b.Adams Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272United States Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States School of Osteop.thic Medicine Campbell UniversityLillingtonNC 27546United States

b.CKGROUND The study investigates the connection b.tween academic p.oductivity and industry earnings in foot and ankle orthop.dic surgery *** metrics like the H-index and Op.n p.yments Datab.se(Op.)data,it addresses a gap.in understanding the relationship.b.tween scholarly achievements and financial outcomes,p.oviding a b.sis for further exp.oration in this sp.cialized medical *** To elucidate the trends b.tween academic p.oductivity and industry earnings across foot and ankle orthop.dic surgery fellowship.p.ograms in the United *** This study is a retrosp.ctive analysis of the relationship.b.tween academic p.oductivity and industry earnings of foot and ankle orthop.dic surgery fellowship. at an individual faculty and fellowship.*** p.oductivity was defined via H-index and recorded from the Scop.s *** earnings were recorded from the *** Forty-eight foot and ankle orthop.dic surgery fellowship.(100%of fellowship.)in the United States with a comb.ned total of 165 p.ysicians(95.9%of p.ysicians)were *** individual p.ysician(n=165)total life-time earnings rep.rted on the Op. web.ite was United States Dollar(USD)451430.30±1851084.89(range:USD 25.16-21269249.85;median:USD 27839.80).Mean p.ysician(n=165)H-index as rep.rted on Scop.s is 14.24±12.39(range:0-63;median:11).There was a significant b.t weak correlation b.tween individual p.ysician H-index and individual p.ysician total life-time earnings(p.0.001;Sp.arman’s rho=0.334)and a significant and moderate p.sitive correlation b.tween comb.ned fellowship.H-index and total life-time earnings p.r fellowship.p.0.004,Sp.arman’s rho=0.409).CONCLUSION There is a significant and p.sitive correlation b.tween academic p.oductivity and industry earnings at foot and ankle orthop.dic surgery fellowship. in the United *** ob.ervation is true on an individual p.ysician level as well as on a fellowship.level.

关键词： Sunshine act Foot and ankle Orthop.dic surgery Orthop.dic fellowship Industry earnings

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