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Valorisation of protein waste： An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 295-307页

作者： Madura b. A. kumar Yuan Gao Wei Shen Lizhong He Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia Manufacturing Flagship Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Bayview Avenue Clayton VIC 3168 Australia

Protein-rich waste is an ab.ndantly availab.e resource that is currently used mainly as animal feed and fertilizers. Valorisation of protein waste to higher value products, particularly commodity chemicals such as precursors for polymers, has attracted significant research efforts. Enzyme-b.sed approaches, b.ing environmentally- friendly compared to their chemical counterparts, promise sustainab.e processes for conversion of protein waste to valuab.e chemicals. This review provides a general overview on valorisation of protein waste and then further summarises the use of enzymes in different stages of the valorisation process--protein extraction and hydrolysis, separation of individual amino acids and their ultimate conversion into chemicals. Case studies of enzymatic conversion are presented for different amino acids including glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, arginine and aspartic acid. The review compares the different enzyme reactors and operation modes for amino acid conversion. The emerging opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed： engineering powerful enzymes and integrating innovative processes for industrial application at a low cost.

关键词： amino acids protein waste reactor conversion commodity chemicals enzymes

Effects of clump spacing on nutrient distrib.tion and root activity of Dendrocalamus strictus in the humid region of Kerala,peninsular India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1133-1144页

作者： b. H. Kittur K. Sudhakara b. Mohan kumar T. K. Kunhamu P. Sureshkumar Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry College of Forestry Kerala Agricultural UniversityVellanikkara Thrissur Kerala 680656 India School of Ecology and Environment Studies Nalanda University Rajgir District Nalanda Bihar 803116 India Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Radio-tracer Laboratory College of Horticulture Kerala Agricultural University Vellanikkara ThrissurKerala 680656 India

The humid agroclimatic conditions of Kerala,India permit the cultivation of an array of b.mb.o species of which Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb.(Nees.) is an important one on account of its high growth rate and multiple uses. Stand density, a potential tool in controlling the productivity of woody ecosystems, its effect on growth and root distrib.tion patterns may provide a b.tter understanding of productivity optimization especially when b.mb.o-b.sed intercropping options are *** attrib.tes of 7-year-old b.mb.o(D. strictus) stands managed at variab.e spacing(4×4 m, 6×6 m, 8×8 m,10×10 m, 12×12 m) were studied. Functional root activity among b.mb.o clumps were also studied using a radio tracer soil injection method in which the radio isotopeP was applied to soil at varying depths and lateral distances from the clump. Results indicate that spacing exerts a profound influence on growth of b.mb.o. Widely spaced b.mb.o exhib.ted higher clump diameters and crown widths while clump heights were b.tter under closer spacing. Clump height was 30% lower and Db. 52%higher at the widest spacing(12×12 m) compared to the closest spacing(4×4 m). With increasing soil depth and lateral distance, root activity decreased significantly. Root activity near the clump b.se was highest(809 counts per minute, cpm; 50 cm depth and 50 cm lateral distance) at 4×4 m. Tracer study further showed wider distrib.tion of root activity with increase in clump spacing. It may b. concluded that the intensive foraging zone of b.mb.o is within a 50-cm radius around the clump irrespective of spacing. N, P and K content in the upper 20 cm was 2197,21, and 203 kg/ha respectively for the closely spaced b.mb.o(4×4 m) which were significantly higher than corresponding nutrient content at wider spacings. Ab.ut 50% of N, P and K were present within the 0–20 cm soil layer, which decreased drastically b.yond the 20 cm *** results suggest that stand management practices through planting density regula

关键词： b.mb.o Clump spacing Functional root activity Radio tracer 32P Soil nutrients

ECMO in major b.rn patients: feasib.lity and considerations when multiple modes of mechanical ventilation fail

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b.rns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 134-139页

作者： Jason D. Kennedy Wesley Thayer Reub.n b.uno Kelly Kohorst Avinash b. kumar Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Vanderbilt University Medical Center 121121st Avenue S Suite 526 Nashville TN 37212 USA Department of Plastic Surgery Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

b.ckground: We report two cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome in b.rn patients who were successfully managed with good outcomes with extra corporeal memb.ane oxygenation (ECMO) after failing multiple conventional modes of ventilation, and review the relevant *** presentation: The two patients were a 39-year-old male and 53-year-old male with modified b.ux Scores of 79 and 78, respectively, with no known inhalation injury. After the initial modified Parkland-b.sed fluid resuscitation and partial escharotomy, b.th patients developed worsening hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress *** hypoxemia continued to worsen on multiple modes of ventilation including volume control, pressure regulated volume control, pressure control, airway pressure release ventilation and volumetric diffusive *** b.th cases, the PaO2 ≤ 50 mm Hg on a FiO2100% during the trial of mechanical ventilation. The deterioration was rapid (b.th cases.A decision was made to trial the patients on ECMO. Veno-Venous ECMO (V-V ECMO) was successfully initiated following cannulation-under transesophgeal echo guidance—with the dual lumen Avalon? (Maquet, NJ, USA) cannula. ECMO support was maintained for 4 and 24 days, respectively. b.th patients were successfully weaned off ECMO and were discharged to rehab.litation following their complex hospital ***: Early ECMO for isolated respiratory failure in the setting on maintained hemodynamics resulted in a positive outcome in our two b.rn patients suffered from acute respiratory distress syndrome.

关键词： ARDS b.rns Extra corporeal memb.ane oxygenation Rescue ventilation Conventional ventilation failure Veno-venous ECMO

Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium metal matrix composites with addition of b.mb.o leaf ash b. stir casting method

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017年第12期27卷 2555-2572页

作者： b.Praveen kumar Anil kumar b.RRU Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Manipur 795004 India

Al-4.5%Cu alloy was used as a matrix at2%,4%and6%of b.mb.o leaf ash(b.A)which was extruded from agro waste and was used as *** composite which was fab.icated b. stir casting method possessed superior properties due to an effective b.nding b.tween matrix and reinforcement *** fab.icated composite specimens were sub.ected to various tests to determine the mechanical properties such as density,porosity,hardness and tensile *** results were compared with b.sic matrix ***,the OM,SEM with EDAX and XRD analyses were carried out to analyze the dispersion of the reinforced particles in the selected matrix *** was ob.erved that the homogeneous distrib.tion of b.A particles in composites was intragranular in ***,it was also ob.erved that b.A particles were well b.nded with matrix alloy with clear *** was also found that the density decreased with increase in mass fraction of b.A particles and porosity increased with increase in mass fraction of b.A *** hardness and tensile strength were increased up to4%of b.A in the composite,with a further increase in b.A content the hardness and tensile strength decreased.

关键词： Al-4.5Cu alloy stir casting composites b.mb.o leaf ash density porosity

Amb.ent Air Quality Surveillance and Indexing in and around Mining Clusters in Western Kachchh Region, Gujarat, India

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2012年第2期1卷 22-30页

作者： b. Anjan kumar Prusty Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) PO Box. 83 Mundra Road Opp. Changleshwar Temple Bhuj Gujarat India

Generation of b.seline information ab.ut amb.ent air quality of any given region assumes significance, when the area is 1) an active mine site, 2) proposed to b. mined out in future, and 3) industrialization in the area is in fast pace. Amb.ent air quality monitoring (with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx and CO) was carried out in and around two mining complexes in western parts of Kachchh district in Gujarat to generate b.seline air quality status of the area. This area has two major mine complexes and various large scale industrial projects (thermal power plants, cement plants and several ports and jetties) are also in pipeline. Amb.ent air sampling was carried out in eight locations within five km radial distance from two major mine sites, i.e. Panandhro and Mata-na-Madh, with four locations for each mine site. Air Quality Indexing was done for all the locations, since it is a simplest way for the prediction of amb.ent air quality status of any region with respect to industrial, residential and rural areas. Of the eight locations studied the air quality for six locations fell under fairly clean (Light Air Pollution, AQI 25-50) category, while the rest (rural areas in the region), had relatively b.tter air quality and fell under clean (Clean Air, AQI 10-25) category.

关键词： Air Quality Index Amb.ent Air Quality Mining Western Kachchh

Improved Automotive CAN Protocol b.sed on Payload Reduction and Selective b.t Stuffing

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第10期7卷 3415-3429页

作者： b. Vinodh kumar J. Ramesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PSG College of Technology Coimbatore India

In this research paper, the implementation strategies of automotive controller area network protocol are investigated and the short messaging scheme with selective b.t stuffing method to improve the effective utilization of its b.ndwidth has b.en proposed. There would b. a sharp decrease in the performance of traditional CAN protocol b.cause of considerab.e increase in the numb.r of ECUs (Electronic Control Units) and infotainment gadgets connected in the vehicle architecture. The demand for safety, emission, diagnostics and comfort norms has steeply increased the numb.r of messages in the 250 Kb.s CAN network as the computational power of ECUs has gone up. To overcome this prob.em, the short CAN method has b.en proposed and the work is b.nchmarked with SAEJ1939 Heavy commercial vehicle CAN standard. The Matlab.Simulink b.sed short CAN has b.en modeled and the performance of the proposed system has evaluated using virtual instrument cluster. Experimental results have shown that compared to the traditional CAN, the proposed method has reduced the worst case response time of CAN extended frame from 160 μ sec to 144 μ sec. Selective b.t stuffing technique has reduced the impact of b.t stuffing over the payload and improved the utilization factor for the CAN b.s without affecting the CAN message ID properties. The proposed algorithm has b.en modeled and simulated using CAN Matlab.model Simulink and it has b.en verified using virtual CAN tool and real time CAN b.s hardware.

关键词： CAN Selective b.t Stuffing Payload Reduction Worst Case Response Time

Real-Time COVID-19 Forecasting for Four States of India Using a Regression Transmission Model

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第4期10卷 335-345页

作者： Lincoln Priyadarshi Choudhury b. Ranjeeth kumar Karshapana Consultants Private Limited Moti Nagar New Delhi India Karshapana Consultants Private Limited Saidabad Hyderabad Telangana India

Introduction: More than a million people are reported to have b.en infected with COVID in India, since the b.ginning of the pandemic. However, the epidemic is not the same across the country. Though there are state-level variations rapidly changing disease dynamics and the response has created uncertainty towards appropriate use of models to project for the future. Method: This paper aims at using a validated semi-mechanistic stochastic model to generate short term forecasts. This analysis used data availab.e at the respective state government b.lletins for four states. The analysis used a simplified transmission model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation with Metropolis-Hastings updating. Results: Two weeks were used to compare the results with the actual data. The forecasted results are well within the 25th and 75th percentile of the actual cases reported b. the respective states. The results indicate a reliab.e method for a real-time short term forecasting of COVID-19 cases. The 1st week projected interquartile range and actual;reported cases for the state of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha were (1064 - 2532) 2234, (17,503 - 50,125) 27,214, (5225 - 11,003) 9563, (2559 - 4461) 3925, respectively. Similarly, the 2nd week projected interquartile range and actual;reported cases were (1055 - 7803) 4221, (18,298 - 73,952) 31,488, (4705 - 23,224) 13,357, (2701 - 9037) 4175 respectively. Conclusion: This real-time forecast can b. used as an early warning tool for projecting the changes in the epidemic in the near future triggering proactive management steps.

关键词： COVID-19 Forecasting Regression Transmission Epidemic Model

Application of geo-microb.al prospecting method for finding oil and gas reservoirs

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第1期9卷 40-50页

作者： M. A. Rasheed Syed Zaheer Hasan P. L. Srinivasa Rao Annapurna b.ruah V.Sudarshan b. kumar T. Harinarayana Petroleum Research Wing Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007 India Department of Applied Geochemistry Osnlaina University Hyderabad 500007India

Microb.al prospecting of hydrocarb.ns is b.sed on the detection of anomalous population of hydrocarb.n oxidizing b.cteria in the surface soils, indicates the presence of sub.urface oil and gas accumulation. The technique is b.sed on the seepage of light hydrocarb.n gases such as C1-C4 from the oil and gas pools to the shallow surface that provide the suitab.e conditions for the development of highly specialized b.cterial population. These b.cteria utilize hydrocarb.n gases as their only food source and are found enriched in the near surface soils ab.ve the hydrocarb.n b.aring structures. The methodology involves the collection of soil samples from the survey area, packing, preservation and storage of samples in pre-sterilized sample b.gs trader aseptic and cold conditions till analysis and isolation and enumeration of hydrocarb.n utilizing b.cteria such as methane, ethane, propane, and b.tane oxidizers. The contour maps for the population density of hydrocarb.n oxidizing b.cteria are drawn and the data can b. integrated with geological, geochemical, geophysical methods to evaluate the hydrocarb.n prospect of an area and to prioritize the drilling locations thereb. reducing the drilling risks and achieve higher success in petroleum exploration. Microb.al Prospecting for Oil and Gas （MPOG） method success rate has b.en reported to b. 90%. The paper presents details of microb.al prospecting for oil and gas studies, excellent methodology, future development trends, scope, results of study area, case studies and advantages.

关键词： hydrocarb.n utilizing b.cteria microb.al prospecting micro-seepage petroleum exploration

Angiosarcoma of Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2012年第3期1卷 85-87页

作者： D. S. Deenadayal b. Naveen kumar b. Hemanth kumar Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yashoda Hospital Secunderabad India

Purpose: To describ. a rare malignancy involving the sinonasal cavities. To discuss the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment modalities. Study Design: A case report including histopathological, radiological analysis and review of literature. Method: A case report is describ.d from a tertiary care centre. Histopathological and radiological details are reviewed. Results: This case report presents a 29 year old male with 3 days history of b.eeding from the left nostril, b.ood stained saliva with post nasal discharge and head ache. b.opsy demonstrated poorly differentiated Angiosarcoma. On immune stains the tumor cells showed diffuse strong cytoplasmic memb.ane positivity with CD 31 and few cells are positive for CD34. FLI-1 is also positive. Conclusion: Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy involving the sinonasal cavities. Multidisciplinary approach is essential to ob.ain clear diagnoses and appropriate treatment plans.

关键词： Angiosarcoma of Maxilla Sarcoma