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Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathob.ology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World j.urnal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim j.hn b.Finlay Tiffany Ko b.adley j.Goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurob.ology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread prob.em impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inab.lity to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathob.ology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a maj.r site of viral *** also explore the prob.em of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

A Modified Lagrange Method for Solving Convex Quadratic Optimization Prob.ems

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Open j.urnal of Optimization 2024年第1期13卷 1-20页

作者： Twum b. Stephen Avoka j.hn Christian j. Etwire School of Mathematical Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Mathematics University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization prob.ems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variab.es of the prob.em, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variab.es are solved for independently, and then the secondary variab.es, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variab.es only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions ob.ained for small sized prob.ems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.

关键词： Quadratic Programming Lagrangian Function Lagrange Multipliers Optimality Conditions Sub.idiary Equations Modified Lagrange Method

Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.j.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle b.cause it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

Compressive property and energy ab.orption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adj.sting Y addition

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： j.A.Liu S.j.Liu b.Wang W.b.Sun X.j.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Lab.ratory of b.onic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for b.onics-j.lin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared b. various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adj.st the compressive properties and energy ab.orption *** characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describ. the details of the second *** tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous *** experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second *** the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges b.tween 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy ab.orption capacity increases from 7.33 Mj.m^(3)to 10.97 Mj.m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attrib.ted to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second ***,the average energy ab.orption efficiency is independent of the Y *** addition,the compressive deformation b.haviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered b. the testing *** compressive strength and energy ab.orption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the *** deformation b.haviors at different temperatures are finally ob.erved to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive b.havior Energy ab.orption characteristic

Iron regulatory protein 1: the deadly switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： Daniel A.b.rquez Pamela j.Urrutia Center for b.omedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology(INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for b.ain Health and Metab.lism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis,characterized b. redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived b. Fenton chemistry,that triggers oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular memb.anes integrity,and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stab.lizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites b. crystal plasticity finite element method

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j.urnal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.b.Zhang S.j.Song F.Liu State Key Lab.ratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-b.sed constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instab.lity of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/b.c Cu-Nb.have b.en predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instab.lity can b. ob.erved in the fcc/b.c systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).b. detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has b.en demonstrated that the interface instab.lity is always accompanied b. high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy b.rrier Q during dislocation and shear b.nding can b. adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** b. inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb.composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful estab.ishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-b.tion,thus efficiently suppressing the shear b.nd,stab.lizing the hetero-phase interface,and ob.aining an exceptional comb.nation in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen b. a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can b. defined as b.eaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has b.en proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-b.sed constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihyb.id nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA b.j.GIREESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mob.le fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihyb.id nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-b.ood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The comb.nation approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihyb.id and hyb.id nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred b. means of the interpolation method b.sed on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihyb.id nanofluid. The ob.ained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliab.e. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the comb.nation of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the comb.nation of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases b. 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet numb.r increases b. 400%, while decreases b. 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman numb.r increases b. 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihyb.id nanofluid magnetic field

Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon b.real forest

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles j.KREb. Alice j.KENNEY b.Scott GILb.RT Rudy b.ONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewab.e Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of b.ological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

b.seline studies of small rodent populations in undisturb.d ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American b.real forest,the red-b.cked vole Clethrionomys *** voles b.eed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change b.ing that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numb.rs,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contrib.tion to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contrib.te to changes in density,and we measured their relative contrib.tions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to b.th food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer b.rry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numb.rs was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the maj.r missing piece may b. an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： b.real forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World j.urnal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： Phillip j.Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee b.Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Glob.l Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

b.ckground Sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the maj.rity of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Repub.ic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of pub.icly availab.e ***,we analyzed availab.e modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatab.e with surgery in *** We used World b.nk data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ageb.tween DPRK and countries with similar economic *** b.tween 1990 and 2019,the numb.r of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused b. surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were inj.ries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and ab.ominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** inj.ries contrib.te significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may b. allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may b.nefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availab.lity of data and close international collab.ration could b. potential solutions to b.idge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical inj.ries