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f.llow-up in patients with a b.rn-related em.rgency departm.nt visit:a f.asib.lity study

b.rns & Traum. 2017年第4期5卷 260-267页

作者： H. Goei b. f. m. wijnen S. m.ns m. A. C. de Jongh C. H. van der Vlies S. Polinder N. E. E. van Loey m. E. van b.ar Association of.Dutch b.rn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Departm.nt of.Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery MOVE Research Institute VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands Association of.Dutch b.rn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Departm.nt of.Health Services Research CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht University 6200 MD Maastricht the Netherlands Traum. Centre b.ab.nt Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital Tilburg the Netherlands b.rn Centre Maasstad Hospital Rotterdam the Netherlands Departm.nt of.Pub.ic Health Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands Association of.Dutch b.rn Centres Red Cross Hospital Beverwijk the Netherlands Association of.Dutch b.rn Centres Burn Centre Maasstad Hospital PO Box 9100 3007 AC Rotterdam the Netherlands Departm.nt of.Pub.ic Health Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam the Netherlands

b.ckground:Data on epidem.ology, costs, and outcom.s of.b.rn-related injuries presenting at em.rgency departm.nts (EDs) are scarce. To ob.ain such inf.rm.tion, a questionnaire study with an adequate response rate is im.erative. There is evidence that optim.zed strategies can increase patient participation. However, it is unclear whether this applies to b.rn patients in an ED setting. The ob.ective of.this f.asib.lity study was to optim.ze and evaluate patient recruitm.nt strategy and f.llow-up m.thods in patients with b.rn injuries presenting at EDs. m.thods:In a prospective cohort study with a 6-m.nth f.llow-up, patients with b.rn-related injuries attending two large EDs during a 3-m.nth study period were included. Eligib.e patients were quasi-random.y allocated to a standard or optim.zed recruitm.nt strategy b. week of.the ED visit. The standard recruitm.nt strategy consisted of.an invitation letter to participate, an inf.rm.d consent f.rm. a questionnaire, and a f.anked return envelope. The optim.zed recruitm.nt strategy was com.lem.nted b. a stam.ed returned envelope, m.netary incentive, sending a second copy of.the questionnaire, and a rem.nder b. telephone in non-responders. Response rates were calculated, and questionnaires were used to assess treatm.nt, costs, and health-related quality of.lif.. Results:A total of.87 patients were included of.which 85 were eligib.e f.r the f.llow-up study. There was a higher response rate at 2 m.nths in the optim.zed versus the standard recruitm.nt strategy (43.6%vs. 20.0%;OR=3.1 (95%CI 1.1–8.8)), although overall response is low. Non-response analyses showed no signif.cant dif.erences in patient, b.rn injury or treatm.nt characteristics b.tween responders versus non-responders. Conclusions:This study dem.nstrated that response rates can b. increased with an optim.zed, b.t m.re lab.r-intensive recruitm.nt strategy, although f.rther optim.zation of.recruitm.nt and f.llow-up is needed. It is f.asib.e to assess epidem.ology, tr

关键词： b.rns Em.rgency departm.nt Recruitm.nt strategy Response rate Health care survey m.thods

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Prelim.nary Application of.High-f.equency Ultrasound in the Dif.erentiation of.Pem.higus and b.llous Pem.higoid: An Ob.ervational Study

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International Journal of.Derm.tology and Venereology 2024年第3期7卷 155-159页

作者： Liu Y.-A. Cao R. Da m.-H. Dong Z.-b. Wang f. Departm.nt of.Derm.tology Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) Zhejiang Taizhou 318000 China Departm.nt of.Derm.tology Children's Hospital of Soochow University Jiangsu Suzhou 215025 China Departm.nt of.Derm.tology Zhongda Hospital Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing 210009 China

Ob.ective: Ultrasonography is a diagnostic im.ging technique used to visualize sub.utaneous b.dy structures f.r identif.cation of.possib.e pathologies. In this study, we aim.d to explore the clinical signif.cance of.high-f.equency ultrasound in dif.erentiating the location of.b.isters b.tween pem.higus and b.llous pem.higoid. m.thods: Eighteen patients were recruited in Departm.nt of.Derm.tology, Zhongda Hospital f.om.2020 to 2021 and divided into a pem.higus group (n = 8) and a b.llous pem.higoid group (n = 10) according to the diagnostic criteria f.r each. Ultrasonographic im.ges were collected using a 50-m.z high-f.equency ultrasound system. The indexes of.ultrasonic evaluation were the layer (epiderm.s or derm.s), size, shape, internal echo, and b.undary of.the b.ister. Categorical variab.es are expressed as n (%), and dif.erences were com.ared using f.sher's exact test. Results: The ultrasonographic im.ges in the pem.higus group showed an intraepiderm.l sem.-arc or irregular anechoic or hypoechoic areas. The inf.rior b.rders were situated ab.ve the characteristic thin linear hyperechoic b.nds of.the epiderm.s. A linear hypoechoic b.nd was present at the derm.epiderm.l junction in som. cases. In the ultrasonographic im.ges of.the b.llous pem.higoid group, the linear hyperechoic b.nds of.the epiderm.s were continuous and intact. An oval f.uid anechoic area (sub.piderm.l b.ister) was present im.ediately b.low the b.nds. The location of.the b.isters in the ultrasonographic im.ges was signif.cantly dif.erent b.tween the 2 groups (P f.equency ultrasound can b. used as an auxiliary m.ans to dif.erentiate the location of.b.isters b.tween pem.higus and b.llous pem.higoid. © 2022 Hospital f.r Skin Diseases (Institute of.Derm.tology), Chinese Academ. of.m.dical Sciences, and Chinese m.dical Association, pub.ished b. Wolters Kluwer, Inc.

关键词： b.llous pem.higoid high-f.equency ultrasound pem.higus

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RPLP0/Tb. are the m.st stab.e ref.rence genes f.r hum.n dental pulp stem.cells under osteogenic dif.erentiation

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World Journal of.Stem.Cells 2024年第6期16卷 656-669页

作者： Daniel b.f.rreira Leticia m.Gasparoni Cristiane f.b.onzeri Katiucia b.S Paiva Lab.ratory of.Extracellular m.trix b.ology and Cellular Interaction Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000São PauloBrazil

b.CKGROUND Validation of.the ref.rence gene(RG)stab.lity during experim.ntal analyses is essential f.r correct quantitative real-tim. polym.rase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data ***,in an unreliab.e way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular f.nctions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitab.e f.r such experim.ntal conditions or the reason f.r choosing such ***,such studies use only one gene when m.nim.m.Inf.rm.tion f.r Pub.ication of.Quantitative Real-Tim. PCR Experim.nts guidelines recom.m.nd two or m.re *** im.acts the credib.lity of.these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression *** tissue engineering,the accuracy of.gene expression drives the b.st experim.ntal or therapeutical *** cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undif.erentiated and osteogenic dif.f.rentiation,b.th f.r 35 *** evaluated the gene expression of.10 candidates f.r RGs[rib.som.l protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-b.nding protein(Tb.),GAPDH,actin b.ta(ACTb.,tub.lin(TUb.,am.nolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-m.nooxygenase/tryptophan 5-m.nooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation f.ctor 1 alpha(Ef.a),succinate dehydrogenase com.lex,sub.nit A,f.avoprotein(SDHA),and b.ta-2-m.cro-glob.lin(b.m.]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)b. *** data were analysed b. the f.ur m.in algorithm.,ΔCt m.thod,geNorm.Norm.1}nder,and b.stKeeper and ranked b. the Ref.inder *** sub.ivided the sam.les into eight *** All of.the data sets f.om.clonogenic and osteogenic sam.les were analysed using the Ref.inder *** f.nal ranking showed RPLP0/Tb. as the two m.st stab.e RGs and TUb.b.m.as the two least stab.e *** theΔCt m.thod or Norm.1}nder analysis showed Tb./RPLP0 as the two m.st stab.e ***,geNorm.analysis showed RPLP0/Ef.αin the f.rst *** algorithm.’two least stab

关键词： Dental pulp stem.cells Ref.rence gene Housekeeping gene Endogenous gene Osteogenic dif.erentiation Ref.inder

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Hydroelectrolytic and Energetic Replenisher in Horses Undergoing m.rcha Training

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Open Journal of.Veterinary m.dicine 2024年第8期14卷 203-216页

作者： José D. Rib.iro f.lho b.una m. Rib.iro m.cheline O. Silva Sam.el R. Alves Anaïs C. b.nitez Waleska m. f. Dantas m.rcel f. b. Avanza Raf.aella b. C. Teixeira Pedro Ancelm. N. Erm.ta Laice A. Silva Rinaldo b. Viana Hélio C. m.nso f.lho Departm.nt of.Veterinary Federal University of Viosa Viosa Brazil Institute of.Studies of.the Wet Tropic Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Par Xinguara Brazil Departm.nt of.Veterinary Clinic and Surgery Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of.Anim.l Health and Production Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belm Brazil Zootecnics Departm.nt Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The study aim.d to assess the clinical, lab.ratory, and b.ood gas analysis of.horses undergoing m.rcha training and the ef.ects of.voluntary ingestion of.hydroelectrolytic and energy replenishers af.er exercise. Eight horses of.b.th genders aged b.tween 5 and 10 years, were included in the study. The exercise consisted of.a 10-m.n warm.up f.llowed b. 45 m.n uninterrupted m.rcha on a f.at dirt track in the m.rning. Af.er exercise, the horses received one of.the f.llowing treatm.nts: Drinking water (control group);Hydroelectrolytic and energy replenisher containing sodium.chloride, potassium.chloride, calcium.acetate, m.gnesium.chloride, sodium.citrate, dextrose, m.ltodextrin, and sucrose in three dif.erent concentrations (Replenishers A, b. and C). The horses were distrib.ted across the f.ur treatm.nts in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares design using a Split-plot system.with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and lab.ratory evaluations were conducted at f.ur tim. points: T0 - 5 m.n b.f.re exercise;T1 - up to 5 m.n af.er exercise;T2 - 2 hr af.er starting treatm.nt;and T4 - 4 hr af.er b.ginning treatm.nt. Concentrations of.urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and ionized calcium.signif.cantly changed af.er exercise. An increase in b.ood pH and a decrease in chloride concentrations were ob.erved when replenishers b.and C were of.ered af.er exercise. The replacem.nts were ingested spontaneously b. the anim.ls in a volum. greater than that of.the control group (water). Replacem.nt b.was the m.st ingested b. the anim.ls, dem.nstrating its greatest potential.

关键词： Dehydration Electrolyte Replacem.nt Exercise Rehydration Voluntary Intake

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Carb.n m.noxide as C1 b.ilding b.ock in f.ne Chem.cal Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of.Chem.stry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui m.b.Carrilho m.rio J.f.Calvete Gab.r m.kle Laszlo Kollar m.riette m.Pereira University of.Coim.1}a Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Departm.nt of.General and Inorganic Chem.stry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupf.r Selective Chem.cal Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carb.n m.noxide(CO)has b.com. one of.the m.st relevant and versatile renewab.e C1 b.ilding b.ocks f.r chem.cal synthesis,especially in the f.ne chem.cals industry,due to the developm.nt of.ef.icient and selective catalysts f.r its *** this review,we present a com.rehensive critical analysis of.the last 10 years literature on the use of.CO as a renewab.e f.edstock f.r f.ne chem.cals *** review is organized b. type of.catalytic reaction,nam.ly alkene and alkyne carb.nylation,hydrof.rm.lation,carb.nylation of.aryl halides,carb.nylative cross-coupling and C-H *** exam.les of.the synthesis of.relevant b.ilding b.ocks and/or known pharm.ceuticals are *** is placed on exam.les of.utilizing CO as the C1 b.ilding b.ock in one or m.re catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of.the exam.les.

关键词： Carb.n m.noxide f.ne chem.cals Carb.nylation Hydrof.rm.lation C-H f.nctionalization

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b.ochem.cal Liver f.nctions and m.lecular Identif.cation of.f.sciola hepatica f.om.Experim.ntally Inf.cted Rat m.del

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Open Journal of.Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d b. Ata m.rgarita P. Gab.ashanska Hatem.A. Shalab. Tam.r H. Ab. El-Aziz Noha m. f. Hassan Soad m. Nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Eb.esam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of.Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of.Experim.ntal m.rphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of.Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was perf.rm.d to evaluate the liver f.nction status as well as m.lecular characterization of.the recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally inf.cted with f. hepatica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). The f.rst group was inf.cted orally with 15 viab.e encysted m.tacercaria of.f. hepatica per anim.l. The other group was kept non-inf.cted (control group). At zero tim. (b.f.re inf.ction), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-inf.ction (WPI), b.ood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of.retro-orb.tal plexus of.veins f.om.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and the serum.protein prof.le was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of.the experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total glob.lins signif.cantly increased while serum.total proteins and alb.m.n m.rkedly decreased in the inf.cted group. On the 14th WPI, the data of.the electropherogram.showed that glob.lin f.actions (α1-, β- and γ-glob.lin) levels were signif.cantly increased while α2-glob.lin was m.rkedly decreased in the inf.cted group. The m.lecular analysis conf.rm.d the am.lif.cation of.the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of.f. hepatica recovered f.om.the inf.cted liver of.rats with am.licon sizes of.630, 510 and 560 b., respectively. Sequencing of.the am.lif.ed ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of.3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of.the ITS2 gene resulted in ob.aining 3 isolates under the accession num.7}rs (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, f.sciolosis in the rat m.del is suitab.e f.r routine experim.ntal inf.ctions and caused a pronounced liver dysf.nction with discharging of.the f.sciola eggs in the f.eces and the developm.nt of.adult stages in the b.le ducts. f.rtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive

关键词： f.sciola hepatica Liver f.nctions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electrophoresis m.lecular Characterization

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Radiative capture of.proton through the ^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O reaction at low energy

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 183-192页

作者： b.f.Irgaziev Ab.ul Kab.r Jam.el-Un Nab. National University of.Uzb.kistan Tashkent 100174Uzbekistan Space and Astrophysics Research lab National Centre of GIS and Space ApplicationsDepartment of Space ScienceInstitute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan University of.Wah Quaid AvenueWah Cantt 47040PunjabPakistan

The CNO cycle is the m.in source of.energy in stars m.re m.ssive than our *** process def.nes the energy production,the duration of.which can b. used to determ.ne the lif.tim. of.m.ssive *** cycle is an im.ortant tool f.r determ.ning the age of.glob.lar *** proton capture via p+^(14)N→^(15)O+γ,at energies of.astrophysical interest,is an im.ortant process in the CNO *** this project,we apply a potential m.del to describ. b.th non-resonant and resonant reactions in the channels where radiative capture occurs through electric E1 *** em.loyed the R-m.trix m.thod to describ. the ongoing reactions via m. resonant transitions,when it was not possib.e to correctly reproduce the experim.ntal data using the potential *** partial com.onents of.the astrophysical S-f.ctor are calculated f.r all possib.e electric and m.gnetic dipole transitions in ^(15)*** linear extrapolated S-f.ctor at zero energy(S(0))agrees well with earlier reported values f.r all transition types considered in this *** on the value of.the total astrophysical S-f.ctor,depending on the collision energy,we calculate the nuclear reaction rates f.r p+^(14)N→^(15)O+γ.The com.uted rates agree well with the results reported in the NACRE II Collab.ration and m.st recent existing m.asurem.nts.

关键词： CNO cycle potential m.del R-m.trix m.thod cross-section astrophysical S-f.ctor nuclear rates.

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Generation of.polarized electron b.am. through self.injection in the interaction of.a laser with a pre-polarized plasm.

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.f.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong m.b.scher S.m.Weng m.Chen Z.m.Sheng Key Lab.ratory of.Nuclear Physics and Ion-b.am.Application(m.E) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Lab.ratory of.High f.eld Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of.Scientif.c and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünb.rg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut f.r Laser-und Plasm.physik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Lab.ratory f.r Laser Plasm.s(m.E) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collab.rative Innovation Center of.If.A Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron b.am.production via laser wakef.eld acceleration in pre-polarized plasm. is investigated b. particlein-cell *** evolution of.the electron b.am.polarization is studied b.sed on the Thom.s±b.rgm.nn±m.chel±Telegdi equation f.r the transverse and longitudinal self.injection,and the depolarization process is f.und to b. inf.uenced b. the injection *** the case of.transverse self.injection,as f.und typically in the b.b.le regim.,the spin precession of.the accelerated electrons is m.inly inf.uenced b. the ***,in the case of.longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regim.(f.r exam.le,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of.electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons m.ve around the laser axis,the net inf.uence of.the laser f.eld is nearly zero and the contrib.tion of.the wakef.eld can b. ***,an ultra-short electron b.am.with polarization of.99%can b. ob.ained using longitudinal self.injection.

关键词： laser wakef.eld acceleration longitudinal self.injection particle-in-cell sim.lation polarized electron b.am

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m.tigating Urb.n Heat Island Ef.ects: A Review of.Innovative Pavem.nt Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durab.lity & Health m.nitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.f.Ism.el A.H.Alias N.A.Haron b.b.Zaidan Ab.ulrahm.n m.Ab.ulghani Departm.nt of.Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of.Glob.l m.nagem.nt LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Departm.nt of.Com.unication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of.pavem.nt technologies in advancing urb.n *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of.these technologies,m.ticulously evaluating their socio-econom.c and environm.ntal im.acts,with a particular em.hasis on their role in m.tigating the urb.n heat island *** evaluation of.pavem.nt types and variab.es inﬂuencing pavem.nt perf.rm.nce to b. used in the m.lti-criteria decision-m.king(m.Dm.f.am.work to choose the optim.l pavem.nt application are at the heart of.our *** serves to assess a spectrum.of.pavem.nt options,revealing insights into the m.st ef.ective and sustainab.e *** highlighting b.th the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aim. to of.er a directional com.ass f.r f.ture urb.n planning and inf.astructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of.knowledge b.t also aim. to chart a course f.r f.ture exploration,em.hasizing the critical need f.r innovative and environm.ntally sensitive pavem.nt tech-nologies in the creation of.resilient and sustainab.e urb.n environm.nts.

关键词： Pavem.nt sustainab.lity urb.n heat island environm.ntal im.act of.pavem.nts innovative pavem.nt solutions econom.c and social im.lications sustainab.e developm.nt in urb.n areas

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Liquid crystal im.unosensors f.r the selective detection of.Escherichia coli with a f.st analysis tool

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1564-1573页

作者： SANDRO C.OLIVEIRA m.RIA S.SOARES b.Rb.RA V.GONÇALVES ANDREIA C.m.RODRIGUES Am.DEU m.V.m.SOARES RITA G.SOb.AL NUNO f.SANTOS JAN NEDOm. PEDRO L.ALm.IDA CARLOS m.RQUES CICECO-Aveiro Institute of.m.terials Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal i3N Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Associate Lab.ratory i4Hb.Institute f.r Health and b.oeconom. School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal CESAm.Centre f.r Environm.ntal and m.rine Studies and Departm.nt of.b.ology University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Departm.nt of.Telecom.unications VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic i3N-CENIm.T School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal UnIRE ISELPolytechnic Institute of Lisbon1549-020 LisbonPortugal Departm.nt of.Physics VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic

The consum.tion of.contam.nated f.od m.y cause serious illnesses,and traditional m.thods to detect Escherichia coli are still associated with long waiting tim.s and high costs given the necessity to transport sam.les to specialized *** is a need to develop new technologies that allow cheap,f.st,and direct m.nitoring at the site of.***,in this work,we developed optical im.unosensors f.r the selective detection of.***,b.sed on liquid crystal technology,whose m.lecules can align in dif.erent m.nners depending on the b.undary conditions (such as sub.trates) as well as the environm.nt that they *** glass sub.trate was f.nctionalized with *** antib.dy using cysteam.ne as an interm.diate,and a vertical alignm.nt was im.osed on the liquid crystal m.lecules b. using Dm.AP during *** presence of.b.cteria disrupts the alignm.nt of.the liquid crystal m.lecules,changing the intensity of.light em.rging b.tween cross polarizers,m.asured using a polarized optical m.croscope and a *** was possib.e to detect *** in suspensions in the concentration range f.om.2.8 cells/m. to 2.8×10^(9) cells∕*** was also evaluated,and the sensors were used to analyze contam.nated water sam.les.A prototype was developed to allow f.ster,in-situ,and easier analysis avoiding b.lky instrum.nts.

关键词： crystal alignm.nt analysis

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