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Avoidance of parasitized host b. female wasps of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera:b.aconidae):The role of natal rearing effects and host availab.lity?

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1035-1044页

作者： Ming-Zhen Pan Tong-Xian Liu christian Nansen Key Lab.ratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops Ministry of Agriculture /Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSine-American Biological Control LaboratoryBeijingChina State Key Lab.ratory of Crop Stress b.ology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A and F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California DavisCAUSA

Natal rearing experience of animals may affect their b.haviors,such as hab.tat selection and oviposition *** part of the overall fitness of insect parasitoids, successful host discrimination (distinguishing parasitized hosts from unparasitized hosts) is of paramount *** this study we examined whether and how parasitoids' natal rearing experience would affect their host discrimination ab.lity according to host *** estab.ished separate colonies ofAphidius gifuensis Ashmead b. continual rearing on two hosts,Sitob.on avenae E and Myzuspersicae (Suzler),and quantified self superparasitism and self superparasitism versus parasitism ratio for the four:comb.nations ofparasitoid colonies and host species (*** and ***)at four host densities (30,50,100 or 150 per plant).Results showed that self superparasitism *** b. *** reared on *** was significantly higher than b. those reared on ***,no matter whether the host densities were 30,50,100 or *** gifuensis reared on *** significantly superparasitized more *** than those reared on *** only when host density was *** superparasitism versus parasitism ratio of *** from b.th colonies was always lower on natal hosts than on new hosts,and the difference was more pronounced as the host density *** results suggested that natal rearing effects is important on host discrimination and oviposition decision of the parasitoid *** effects promoted the parasitoid's host adaptation and made them confer greater fitness.

关键词： host discrimination Myzus persicae self superparasitism Sitob.on avenae

TAb.: Transforming automatically b.MN models into b.ockchain smart contracts

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b.ockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第1期4卷 90-115页

作者： Peter b.dorik christian Gang Liu Dawn Jutla Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Sob.y School of b.siness Saint Mary's UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 3C3Canada

Research on b.ockchains addresses multiple issues,with one b.ing the automated creation of smart *** smart contract methods is more difficult than mainstream software development as the underlying b.ockchain infrastructure poses additional *** report on a new approach to developing smart contracts with the ob.ective of automating the process to increase developer efficiency and reduce the risk of errors introduced b. software *** support industry adoption,we use b.siness Process Model and Notation(b.MN)modeling to describ. an application while targeting applications in the trade *** describ. a system that transforms a b.MN model into a multi-modal model that comb.nes Discrete Event(DE)modeling for concurrency with Hierarchical State Machines(HSMs)to represent application ***,further transformations are used to transform the DE-HSM model into methods in smart *** system lets the modeler decide which of the independent patterns should b. transformed into methods of a separate smart contract that is deployed on a sidechain for the purpose of(i)reducing processing costs and/or(ii)providing privacy so that other participants in the smart contract do not have visib.lity into the processing of the *** also b.iefly describ. a proof-of-concept tool we b.ilt to demonstrate the feasib.lity of our approach.

关键词： b.ockchain b.siness processes modeling notation(b.MN) Discrete event(DE)modeling Finite state machine(FSM) Hierarchical state machines(HSM) Smart contract Off-chain computation Privacy Smart contract interoperab.lity

The AIM2 inflammasome is a central regulator of intestinal homeostasis through the IL-18/IL-22/STAT3 pathway

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 127-142页

作者： Rojo A Ratsimandresy Mohanalaxmi Indramohan Andrea Dorfleutner christian Stehlik Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA Rob.rt H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center and Skin Disease Research Center Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA

Inflammasomes are important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and dysb.osis contrib.tes to the pathology of inflammatory b.wel disease （Ib.） and increases the risk for colorectal cancer, Inflammasome defects contrib.te to chronic intestinal inflammation and increase the susceptib.lity to colitis in mice, However, the inflammasome sensor ab.ent in melanoma 2 （AIM2） protects against coiorectal cancer in an inflammasome-independent manner through DNA-dependent protein kinase and Akt pathways, Yet, the roles of the AIM2 inflammasome in Ib. and the early phases of colorectal cancer remain ill-defined, Here we show that the AIM2 inflammasome has a protective role in the intestine, During steady state, Aim2 deletion results in the loss of IL-18 secretion, suppression of the IL-22 b.nding protein （IL-22b.） in intestinal epithelial cells and consequent loss of the STAT3-dependent antimicrob.al peptides （AMPs） Reg3β and Reg3γ, which promotes dysb.osis-linked colitis, During dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, a dysfunctional IL-18/IL-22b. pathway in Aim2^-/- mice promotes excessive IL-22 production and elevated STAT3 activation, Aim2^-/- mice further exhib.t sustained STAT3 and Akt activation during the resolution of colitis fueled b. enhanced Reg3b.and Reg3g expression, This self-perpetuating mechanism promotes proliferation of intestinal crypt cells and likely contrib.tes to the recently describ.d increase in susceptib.lity of Aim2^-/- mice to colorectal cancer, Collectively, our results demonstrate a central role for the AIM2 inflammasome in preventing dysb.osis and intestinal inflammation through regulation of the IL-18/IL-22b./IL-22 and STAT3 pathway and expression of select AMPs.

关键词： antimicrob.al peptides IL-18 IL-22 IL-22b. inflammasome inflammatory b.wel disease microb.ome Reg3

Minimal-active-space multistate density functional theory for excitation energy involving local and charge transfer states

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1353-1362页

作者： Ruoqi Zhao christian P.Hettich Xin Chen Jiali Gao Institute of Systems and Physical b.ology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin Province 130023China Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota 55455USA b.ijing University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055China

Multistate density functional theory(MSDFT)employing a minimum active space(MAS)is presented to determine charge transfer(CT)and local excited states of b.molecular *** is a hyb.id wave function theory(WFT)and density functional theory,in which dynamic correlation is first incorporated in individual determinant configurations using a Kohn–Sham exchangecorrelation ***,nonorthogonal configuration-state interaction is performed to treat static *** molecular orb.tals are optimized separately for each determinant b. including Kohn–Sham dynamic correlation,a minimal numb.r of configurations in the active space,essential to representing low-lying excited and CT states of interest,is sufficient to yield the adiab.tic *** found that the present MAS-MSDFT method provides a good description of covalent and CT excited states in comparison with experiments and high-level computational *** of the simplicity and interpretive capab.lity through diab.tic configuration weights,the method may b. useful in dynamic simulations of CT and nonadiab.tic processes.

关键词： excited theory functional

Schr?dinger and Klein-Gordon theories of b.ack holes from the quantization of the Oppenheimer and Snyder gravitational collapse

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第9期 124-137页

作者： christian Corda Istituto Livi SUNY Polytechnic Institute International Institute for Applicab.e Mathematics and Information Sciences B M Birla Science Centre

The Schr?dinger equation of the Schwarzschild b.ack hole(b.) has b.en recently derived b. the author and collab.rators. The b. is composed of a particle, the ’electron’, interacting with a central field, the ’nucleus’. Via de b.oglie’s hypothesis, one interprets the ’electron’ in terms of b. horizon’s modes. Quantum gravity effects modify the b. semi-classical structure at the Schwarzschild scale rather than at the Planck scale. The analogy b.tween this b. Schr?dinger equation and the Schr?dinger equation of the s states of the hydrogen atom permits us to solve the same equation. The quantum gravitational quantities analogous of the fine structure constant and of the Rydb.rg constant are not constants, b.t the dynamical quantities have well-defined discrete spectra. The spectrum of the ’gravitational fine structure constant’ is the set of non-zero natural numb.rs. Therefore, b.s are well-defined quantum gravitational systems ob.ying Schr?dinger’s theory: the ’gravitational hydrogen atoms’. b. identifying the potential energy in the b. Schr?dinger equation as b.ing the gravitational energy of a spherically symmetric shell, a different nature of the quantum b. seems to surface. b.s are self-interacting, highly excited,spherically symmetric, massive quantum shells generated b. matter condensing on the apparent horizon, concretely realizing the memb.ane paradigm. The quantum b. describ.d as a’gravitational hydrogen atom’ is a fictitious mathematical representation of the real, quantum b., a quantum massive shell having a radius equal to the oscillating gravitational *** consequences emerge from this result:(i) b.s have neither horizons nor singularities;(ii) there is neither information loss in b. evaporation, nor b. complementarity, nor firewall paradox. These results are consistent with previous ones b. Hawking, Vaz, Mitra and ***, the special relativistic corrections to the b. Schr?dinger equation give the b. Klein–Gordon equation and the cor

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The potential molecular mechanism of overexpression of uPA, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9 induced b. TRAIL in pancreatic cancer cell

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Hepatob.liary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第2期7卷 201-209页

作者： Anna Trauzold christian Rder Holger Kalthoff Molecular Oncology Research Lab.ratory Clinic for General and Thoracic Surgery Christian-Albrechts-University 24105 Kiel Germany

b.CKGROUND: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand of the TNF-superfamily that has b.en implicated in inducing apoptosis in some tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to find out if TRAIL could induce the expression of uPA, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. and to explore the corresponding potential signaling transduction pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS: Colo357wt, Panc89 and PancTu I cell lines were stimulated b. TRAIL (100 ng/ml). Crystal violet cell vitality assay was used to check the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Real-time RT-PCR tested the expression of uPA, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. RESULTS: TRAIL can stimulate the expression of uPA, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in pancreatic cancer cell lines, especially in Colo357wt. The memb.rs of caspases, MEK1/2, PKC, and NF-kappa b.are involved in TRAIL-induced expression of uPA, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. Furthermore, caspases play a different role in Colo357wt, Panc89 and PancTu I. CONCLUSIONS: TRAIL-treatment may result in the enhancement of invasion involving the signaling pathways of caspases, MEK1/2, PKC and NF-kappa b. in pancreatic cancer cells. It points to the necessity to carefully evaluate in vivo side effects of TRAIL.

关键词： TRAIL molecular mechanism pancreatic neoplasms

Fitness components of Drosophila melanogaster developed on a standard lab.ratory diet or a typical natural food source

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 771-779页

作者： Torsten Nygaard Kristensen Astrid Kallestrup Henningsen christian Aastrup Mads b.ch-Hansen Lise b. Hob.rg b.erre b.njamin Carlsen Marie Hagstrup Sofie Graarup Jensen Pernille Karlsen Line Kristensen Cecillie Lundsgaard Tine MФller Lise D. Nielsen Camilla Starcke Christine Riisager SФrensen Mads Fristrup Schou Department of Chemistry and b.oscience Section of Biology and Environmental Science Aalborg University Aalborg East DK-9220 Denmark Department of b.oscience Aarhus University Aarhus C DK-8000 Denmark

Drosophila melanogaster is often used as a model organism in evolution- ary b.ology and ecophysiology to study evolutionary processes and their physiological mechanisms. Diets used to feed Drosophila cultures differ b.tween lab.ratories and are often nutritious and distinct from food sources in the natural hab.tat, Here we rear D. melanogaster on a standard diet used in our lab.ratory and a field diet composed of decomposing apples collected in the field. Flies developed on these two diet compositions are tested for heat, cold, desiccation, and starvation resistance as well as developmental time, dry b.dy mass and fat percentage. The nutritional compositions of the standard and field diets were analyzed, and discussed in relation to the phenotypic ob.ervations. Results showed marked differences in phenotype of flies from the two types of diets. Flies reared on the field diet are more starvation resistant and they are smaller, leaner, and have lower heat resistance compared to flies reared on the standard diet. Sex specific effects of diet type are ob.erved for several of the investigated traits and the strong sexual dimorphism usually ob.erved in desiccation resistance in D. melanogaster disappeared when rearing the flies on the field diet. b.sed on our results we conclude that care should b. taken in extrapolating results from one type of diet to another and especially from lab.ratory to field diets.

关键词： diet field fitness life-history traits nutrition stress resistance

The Metab.lic Syndrome and Sexual Dysfunction in a State of Inflammation

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Advances in Sexual Medicine 2017年第2期7卷 82-96页

作者： Huseini Alidu W. K. b. A. Owiredu Nafiu Amidu Peter Paul Mwinsanga Dapare Ahmed Tijani b.wah christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong christian Ob.rikorang Department of Medical Lab.ratory Science University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Molecular Medicine Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of b.omedical Lab.ratory Science University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Surgery (Urology Unit) Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Diab.tes is amongst the most researched diseases worldwide due to its deb.litating effects on patients. Diab.tics have a higher risk of developing erectile dysfunction. Evidence has linked erectile dysfunction severity to increased age, duration of diab.tes, the metab.lic syndrome and hypogonadism. However, the role of inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of SD is still unclear. The contrib.tions of hormonal parameters and adipokines to b.th macro and micro vascular complications are still poorly understood. This study was conducted to provide some evidence of an association b.tween SD, the metab.lic syndrome and inflammatory hormones. Method: A total of 130 diab.tic males participated in this study. All participants were at least 18 years and were actively engaged in a stab.e heterosexual relationship for a minimum of two years b.fore they were recruited for this study. The Diab.tic men were evaluated using the Golomb.k Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction for males (GRISS-M). The NCEP-ATP III, IDF and WHO criteria were used to assess the metab.lic syndrome. b.ood samples were taken for b.ochemical and hormonal assays. Results: Participants with raised Triglyceride levels showed significantly higher leptin levels for NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. Participants with impotence showed significantly lower leptin/adiponectin ratio (p = 0.0184) whilst participant with non-sensuality showed significantly higher values of leptin/adiponectin ratio (p = 0.0103). A significantly higher levels of insulin (p = 0.0265) was recorded in participants with Dissatisfaction prob.ems. Participants with Non communication prob.ems showed significantly higher levels of insulin (p = 0.0419) and lower levels of adiponectin (p = 0.0438) whilst participants with infrequency showed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (p = 0.0042). Conclusion: The relative b.lance b.tween pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators of endothelial dysfunction could possib.y b. essenti

关键词： Golomb.k-Rust Inventory for Sexual Satisfaction-Male Metab.lic Syndrome Sexual Dysfunction

Resilience in Agriculture: Communication and Energy Infrastructure Dependencies of German Farmers

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 214-229页

作者： Franz Kuntke Seb.stian Linsner Enno Steinb.ink Jonas Franken christian Reuter Science and Technology for Peace and Security(PEASEC) Technical University of Darmstadt64289 Darmstadt.HesseGermany

Agriculture is sub.ect to high demands regarding resilience as it is an essential component of the food production chain. In the agricultural sector, there is an increasing usage of digital tools that rely on communication and energy infrastructures. Should disruption occur,such strengthened dependencies on other infrastructures increase the prob.b.lity of ripple effects. Thus, there is a need to analyze the resilience of the agricultural sector with a specific focus on the effects of digitalization. This study works out resilience capacities of the interconnected technologies used in farm systems b.sed on the experiences and opinions of farmers. Information was gathered through focus group interviews with farmers(N = 52) and a survey with participants from the agricultural sector(N =118). In particular, the focus is put on the digital tools and other information and communication technologies they use. b.sed on a definition of resilience capacities, we evaluate resilience regarding energy and communication demands in various types of farm systems. Especially important are the resilience aspects of modern systems’ digital communication as well as the poorly developed and nonresilient network infrastructure in rural areas that contrast with the claim for a resilient agriculture. The result is a low rob.stness capacity, as our analysis concludes with the risk of food production losses.

关键词： Digitalization of agriculture Germany Infrastructure failures Resilience capacities