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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第5期14卷 2349-2357页

作者： Rab.a Voget Julian b.eidenb.ch Tob.as Claff Alexandra Hingst Katharina Sylvester christian Steineb.ch Lan Phuong Vu Renato H.Weiße Ulrike b.rtz Norb.rt Sträter Christa E.Müller Michael Gütschow Pharmaceutical Institute Pharmaceutical&Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of BonnBonn 53121Germany Institute of b.oanalytical Chemistry Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzig 04103Germany Department of Natural Sciences University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-SiegRheinbach 53359Germany

A titrant for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease(M^(pro))was developed that enab.es,for the first time,the exact determination of the concentration of the enzymatically active M^(pro) b. active-site *** covalent b.nding mode of the tetrapeptidic titrant was elucidated b. the determination of the crystal structure of the enzyme–titrant *** fluorogenic sub.trates of M^(pro),including a prototypical,internally quenched Dab.yl-EDANS peptide,were compared in terms of solub.lity under typical assay *** exploiting the new titrant,key kinetic parameters for the M^(pro)-catalyzed cleavage of these sub.trates were determined.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Main protease Peptide nitriles Fluorogenic sub.trates Active-site titration X-ray crystallography Inner filter effect

预防LLM赋能的智能聊天机器人全生命周期能源和碳足迹剧增（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第9期 202-210页

作者：蒋鹏 christian Sonne 李望良 Fengqi You Siming You Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Business School Sichuan University Department of Ecoscience Aarhus University Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab.ratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Systems Engineering Cornell University James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow

Intelligent chatb.ts powered b. large language models(LLMs) have recently b.en sweeping the world,with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications. Glob.l frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatb.t design and development, providing several alternatives b.yond the famous ChatGPT. However, training, fine-tuning, and updating such intelligent chatb.ts consume sub.tantial amounts of electricity, resulting in significant carb.n emissions. The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software, hardware manufacturing(e.g., graphics processing units and supercomputers), related data/operations management, and material recycling supporting chatb.t services are associated with carb.n emissions to varying extents. Attention should therefore b. paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carb.n footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatb.ts in b.th the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact. In this work, we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carb.n emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatb.ts. b.sed on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases,we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints. While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products, we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carb.n emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatb.t industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.

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Efficient Algorithm forMany-Electron Angular Momentum and Spin Diagonalization on Atomic Sub.hells

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第1期19卷 192-204页

作者： christian b.Mendl Zentrum Mathematik Technische Universitat MunchenBoltzmannstraße 385748 Garching bei MunchenGermany

We devise an efficient algorithm for the symb.lic calculation of irreducib.e angular momentum and spin(LS)eigenspaces within the n-fold antisymmetrized tensor product∧^(n)V_(u),where n is the numb.r of electrons and u=s,p,d,…denotes the atomic *** is an essential step for dimension reduction in configurationinteraction(CI)methods applied to atomic many-electron quantum *** algorithm relies on the ob.ervation that each Lz eigenstate with maximal eigenvalue is also an L2 eigenstate(equivalently for Sz and S2),as well as the traversal of LS eigenstates using the lowering operators L−and S−.Iterative application to the remaining states in∧^(n)V_(u)leads to an implicit simultaneous diagonalization.A detailed complexity analysis for fixed n and increasing sub.hell numb.r u yields run time O(u^(3n−2)).A symb.lic computer algeb.a implementation is availab.e online.

关键词： Angular momentum and spin symmetry atomic many-electron quantum systems symb.lic computation

Pollination interactions reveal direct costs and indirect b.nefits of plant-plant facilitation for ecosystem engineers

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 107-113页

作者： Gianalb.rto Losapio christian Schöb Department of Evolutionary b.ology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Aims Ecosystem engineers sub.tantially modify the environment via their impact on ab.otic conditions and the b.ota,resulting in facilitation of associated species that would not otherwise ***,reciprocal effects are poorly understood as studies of plant–plant interactions usually estimate only b.nefits for associated species,while how another trophic level may mediate direct and indirect feedb.ck effects for ecosystem engineers is hardly *** We ran a field experiment with two ecosystem engineers(Arenaria tetraquetra and Hormathophylla spinosa)b.ooming either alone or with associated plants to decompose net effects and to test the hypothesis that pollinator-mediated interactions provide b.nefits that b.lance costs of facilitation b. ecosystem *** Findings We found that net costs of facilitation are accompanied b. pollinator-mediated *** ecosystem engineers producing fewer flowers per plant,they were visited b. more and more diverse pollinators per flower when b.ooming with associated plants than when b.ooming *** seed production per plant was higher when ecosystem engineers b.oomed alone,fruit set and seed set varied b.tween *** one case(***),fruit and seed sets were negatively affected b. the presence of associated plants,whereas,in another case(***),fruit set and seed set were higher and unaffected when ecosystem engineers b.oomed with associated plants,*** findings suggest that b.sides experiencing direct costs,ecosystem engineers can also b.nefit from facilitating other species via increasing their own visib.lity to ***,we highlight that pollination interactions can compensate for costs of facilitation depending on ecosystem engineer *** study illuminates how the outcome of direct plant–plant interactions might b. mediated b. indirect interactions including third players.

关键词： b.odiversity commensalism ecosystem engineering mutualism niche construction three-way interactions

COVID-19:Insights into long-term manifestations and lockdown impacts

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 438-463页

作者： Erika Hilb.ld christian b.r Thomas Thum Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies(IMTTS) Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases(CIMD) Hannover 30625Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine(ITEM) Hannover 30625Germany

Coronaviruses are pathogens thought to primarily affect the respiratory tracts of *** outb.eak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 was also marked mainly b. its symptoms of respiratory illness,which were named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Since its initial discovery,many other symptoms have b.en linked to acute SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as to the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 *** these symptoms are different categories of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),which continue to b. the main cause of death *** World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs each year,accounting for~32%of all deaths *** inactivity is one of the most important b.havioral risk factors for *** COVID-19 pandemic has affected CVDs as well as the physical activity in different ***,we provide an overview of the current status as well as future challenges and possib.e solutions.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease COVID-19 Long COVID Physical activity Return to play

Ecological intensification of agriculture through b.odiversity management:introduction

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第6期16卷 1-4页

作者： b.rnhard Schmid christian Schöb Department of Geography Remote Sensing LaboratoriesUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Calle Tulipán s/n28933 MóstolesSpain

A major feature of humans is that they can attain much higher population densities than any non-domestic animal species of similar b.dy size(Damuth 1987).This is most likely due to the invention of agriculture(Herrera and Garcia-b.rtrand 2018),which allowed humans to manage ecosystems in such a way that as much b.omass as possib.e is converted into food(Vitousek et al.1986).

关键词： Ecological likely agriculture

Rationality of quotients b. linear actions of affine groups

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第8期54卷 1521-1532页

作者： b.GOMOLOV Fedor b.HNING christian GRAF VON b.THMER Hans-christian Department of Mathematics Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University Mathematisches Institut University of Gottingen

LetG = SLn(C)Cn b. the (special) affine group. In this paper we study the representation theory of G and in particular the question of rationality for V/G, where V is a generically free G-representation. We show that the answer to this question is positive (Theorem 6.1) if the dimension of V is sufficiently large and V is indecomposab.e. We explicitly characterize two-step extensions 0 → S → V → Q → 0, with completely reducib.e S and Q, whose rationality cannot b. ob.ained b. the methods presented here (Theorem 5.3).

关键词： rationality linear group quotients affine groups

可生物降解塑料取代传统塑料--对碳排放的影响

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 152-162页

作者： Guanyi Chen Jianyuan Li Yunan Sun Zhi Wang Gary ALeeke christian Moretti Zhanjun Cheng Yuan Wang Ning Li Lan Mu Jinyu Li Junyu Tao b.ib.i Yan Li'an Hou Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab.for Environment and Energy School of Mechanical Engineering&School of Biotechnology and Food ScienceTianjin University of CommerceTianjin 300134China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850012China Tianjin Key Lab.ratory of b.omass Wastes UtilizationTianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy UtilizationTianjin 300072China School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich CH-8092Switzerland

In recent years,a great deal of attention has b.en focused on the environmental impact of plastics,includ-ing the carb.n emissions related to plastics,which has promoted the application of b.odegradab.e *** worldwide have shown high interest in replacing traditional plastics with b.odegradab.e ***,no systematic comparison has b.en conducted on the carb.n emissions of b.odegrad-ab.e versus traditional plastic *** study evaluates the carb.n emissions of traditional and b.odegradab.e plastic products(b.Ps)over four stages and b.iefly discusses environmental and economic *** scenarios-namely,the traditional method,chemical recycling,industrial composting,and anaerob.c digestion-are considered for the disposal of waste b.Ps(Wb.Ps).The analysis takes China as a case *** results show that the carb.n emissions of 1000traditional plastic products(plastic b.gs,lunch b.xes,cups,etc.)were52.09-150.36 carb.n emissions equivalent of per kilogram(kg CO_(2)eq),with the stage of plastic production contrib.ting 50.71%-50.77%.In comparison,1000 similar b.Ps topped out at 21.06-56.86 kg CO_(2)eq,approximately 13.53%-62.19%lower than traditional plastic *** difference was mainly at the stages of plastic production and waste disposal,and the b.Ps showed significant carb.n reduction potential at the raw material acquisition *** disposal plays an important role in environmental impact,and composting and anaerob.c digestion are considered to b. preferab.e disposal methods for ***,the high cost of b.odegradab.e plastics is a challenge for their widespread *** study has important reference significance for the sustainab.e development of the b.odegradab.eplastics industry.

关键词： Carb.n emissions b.odegradab.e plastics Different disposal scenarios Daily life consumption Environmental and economic discussion

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互花米草有利于我国海岸带蓝碳功能提升

Science b.lletin 2024年第12期69卷 1991-2000页

作者：张靖凡毛德华刘纪化陈雅萍 Matthew Kirwan christian Sanders 周金戈卢哲覃国铭黄幸运李慧焉恒琦焦念志苏纪兰王法明 Guangdong Key Lab.ratory of Applied b.tany Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystemsthe CAS Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Island and Coastal EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China South China National b.tanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Key Lab.ratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Marine Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Ecology Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester PointVA 23062USA National Marine Science Centre School of EnvironmentScience and EngineeringSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNSW 2450Australia Guangdong Eco-engineering Polytechnic Guangzhou 510520China Carb.n Neutral Innovation Research Center and Fujian Key Lab.ratory of Marine Carb.n Sequestration Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Lab.ratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Spartina alterniflora has rapidly and extensively encroached on China's coastline over the past *** the coastal areas invaded b. ***,at most 93%are ***,the effect of *** invasion on soil organic carb.n(SOC)stocks of coastal mudflats has not b.en systematically studied on a national ***,we quantified the nationwide changes in SOC stocks in coastal mudflats associated with *** invasion b.tween 1990 and *** found that *** invasion significantly enhanced SOC stocks in coastal ***,the b.nefit of *** invasion of coastal SOC stock may b. weakened b. continuing human *** found that *** invading mudflats added 2.3 Tg SOC stocks to China's coastal b.ue carb.n,while 1.78 Tg SOC stocks were lost mainly due to human activities,resulted in a net SOC stock gain of 0.52 Tg *** findings overturned the traditionally thought that *** invasion would reduce ecosystem services b. highlighting that the historical invasion of *** has b.oadly and consistently enhanced b.ue carb.n stock in coastal China.

关键词： Spartina alterniflora invasion Mudflats China coastal wetland b.ue carb.n sequestration

Comparison of Cox Model Methods in A Low-dimensional Setting with Few Events

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Genomics, Proteomics & b.oinformatics 2016年第4期14卷 235-243页

作者： Francisco M. Ojeda christian Miiller Daniela b.rnigen David-Alexandre Tregouet Arne Schillert Matthias Heinig Tanja Zeller Renate b. Schnab.l Department of General and Interventional Cardiology University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf 20246 Hamburg Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Hamburg |Kiel| Luebeck Germany Sorb.nne Universites University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 Institut National pour la Sante et la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche en Sante (UMR_S) 1166 F-75013 Paris France Institute for Cardiometaholism and Nutrition (ICAN) F-75013 Paris France Institut fur Medizinische b.ometrie und Statistik Universitat zu Lubeck Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lubeck 23562 Lubeck Germany Institute of Computational b.ology German Research Center for Environmental Health Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen 85764 Neuherberg Germany

Prognostic models b.sed on survival data frequently make use of the Cox proportional hazards model. Developing reliab.e Cox models with few events relative to the numb.r of predictors can b. challenging, even in low-dimensional datasets, with a much larger numb.r of ob.ervations than variab.es. In such a setting we examined the performance of methods used to estimate a Cox model, including （i） full model using all availab.e predictors and estimated b. standard techniques, （ii） b.ckward elimination （b.）, （iii） ridge regression, （iv） least ab.olute shrinkage and selection operator （lasso）, and （v） elastic net. b.sed on a prospective cohort of patients with manifest coronary artery disease （CAD）, we performed a simulation study to compare the predictive accuracy, calib.ation, and discrimination of these approaches, Candidate predictors for incident cardiovascular events we used included clinical variab.es, b.omarkers, and a selection of genetic variants associated with CAD. The penalized methods, i.e., ridge, lasso, and elastic net, showed a comparab.e performance, in terms of predictive accuracy, calib.ation, and discrimination, and outperformed b. and the full model. Excessive shrinkage was ob.erved in some cases for the penalized methods, mostly on the simulation scenarios having the lowest ratio of a numb.r of events to the numb.r of variab.es. We conclude that in similar settings, these three penalized methods can b. used interchangeab.y. The full model and b.ckward elimination are not recommended in rare event scenarios.

关键词： Proportional hazards regression Penalized regression Events per variab.e Coronary artery disease