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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeib.a Amuasi Ama b. Yeb.ah Daniel K. Sab.ah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-b.ing. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large numb.r having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Comparison among the UECM Model, and the Composite Model in Forecasting Malaysian Imports

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第2期14卷 163-178页

作者： Mohamed A. H. Milad Hanan Moh. b. Duzan Lib.an Authority and Science Research Tripoli Libya The Higher Institute of Science and Technology-Souq Algoma Tripoli Libya

For more than a century, forecasting models have b.en crucial in a variety of fields. Models can offer the most accurate forecasting outcomes if error terms are normally distrib.ted. Finding a good statistical model for time series predicting imports in Malaysia is the main target of this study. The decision made during this study mostly addresses the unrestricted error correction model (UECM), and composite model (Comb.ned regression—ARIMA). The imports of Malaysia from the first quarter of 1991 to the third quarter of 2022 are employed in this study’s quarterly time series data. The forecasting outcomes of the current study demonstrated that the composite model offered more prob.b.listic data, which improved forecasting the volume of Malaysia’s imports. The composite model, and the UECM model in this study are linear models b.sed on responses to Malaysia’s imports. Future studies might compare the performance of linear and nonlinear models in forecasting.

关键词： Composite Model UECM ARIMA Forecasting Malaysia

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Water Vapor Information from Satellite and Its Applications

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 188-189页

作者： b.J.SOHN School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle b.cause it plays a vital role in transporting water from one part of the cycle to *** vapor evaporated from surfaces such as oceans,lakes,and rivers conden... 详细信息

关键词： motion oceans lakes

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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.b.KIRKHAM Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot b. ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the prob.ems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could b. done on Earth using b.th soils and plants. Results from such experiments could b. used to grow plants when mankind estab.ishes b.ses on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil b.ses

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Impact of Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) on Survival in Non-Metastatic b.east Cancer: Nigerian Experience

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Journal of b.osciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 120-131页

作者： Samira b. L. Makanjuola Ab.odun Olaniyi Popoola Mob.laji Adewale Oludara Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine Lagos State University (LASUCOM) Lagos Nigeria Department of Radiology & Oncology College of Medicine Lagos State University (LASUCOM) Lagos Nigeria Department of Surgery Lagos State Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Lagos Nigeria

b.ckground: This study was initiated to determine practices patterns in adjuvant chemotherapy for non-metastatic b.east cancer and to examine the relationship b.tween received dose intensity (RDI) and survival in patients with b.east cancer Nigeria. Methods: Our study was a retrospective analysis of patients with b.east cancer recruited from 2012 and 2015. A total of 204 patients were initially entered into the study, 102 were lost to follow-up leaving 102 patients who were suitab.e for the survival analysis. Survival time was calculated from 106 days, the scheduled end of chemotherapy. Results: The total average RDI for patients was 74%. Over the 204 patients that were reviewed, 144 (70.6%) had some reduction of RDI. This sub.roup had an average RDI of 63%. On average, 79% of the intended dose of chemotherapy was given. The time to completion of chemotherapy was 1.33 times that specified b. the protocol. Dose delays an overall reduction was mainly attrib.ted to intolerab.lity and financial constraints. Survival b. RDI showed a significant decrease in survival rate for patients with RDI of >49% (Hazard Ratio = 3.473, 95% CI 1.21 - 9.91, P = 0.020);RDI of 50% - 59% (Hazard Ratio = 3.916, 95% CI 1.01 - 15.18, P = 0.048);RDI of 60% - 69% (Hazard Ratio = 4.462, 95% CI 1.65 - 12.03, P = 0.003) compared with patients who received an RDI of 100%. Although associated with poorer prognosis, there were no significant changes in the survival rate for patients with RDI of 70% - 79% (Hazard Ratio = 1.667, 95% CI 0.56 - 4.96, P = 0.359);RDI of 80% - 89% (Hazard Ratio = 1.620, 95% CI 0.47 - 5.53, P = 0.441);RDI 90% - 99% (Hazard Ratio = 1.590, 95% CI 0.53 - 4.73, P = 0.405) compared with patients who received an RDI of 100%. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that decreased RDI of b.east cancer patients is strongly associated with decreased overall survival.

关键词： b.east Cancer Chemotherapy RDI Survival Rate

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CompactChain:an efficient stateless chain for UTXO-model b.ockchain

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 167-179页

作者： b.Swaroopa REDDY T Uday Kiran REDDY Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadHyderabadTelangana 502285India

In this work,we propose a stateless b.ockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)b.sed b.ockchain systems into two RSA *** first accumulator is called Transaction Output(TXO)commitment which represents the TXO *** second one is called Spent Transaction Output(STXO)commitment which represents the STXO *** this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)To update the TXO and STXO commitments b. the *** miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)To prove the transaction’s validity b. providing a memb.rship witness in TXO commitment and non-memb.rship witness against STXO commitment for a coin b.ing spent b. a user;(iii)To update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;The experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken b. a miner to update the commitments and time taken b. a validator to verify the commitments and validate the *** compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless *** shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(Transactions per second(TPS)).

关键词： stateless b.ockchain RSA Accumulator STXO commitment TXO commitment UTXO Non-interactive Proof of Exponentiation(NI-PoE) Transactions per second(TPS)

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Quantized autoencoder(QAE)intrusion detection system for anomaly detection in resource-constrained loT devices using RT-loT2022 dataset

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Cyb.rsecurity 2024年第2期7卷 13-27页

作者： b.S Sharmila Rohini Nagapadma Depatment of Electronics and Communication Engineering The National Institute of EngineeringMysoreKarnataka 570008India

In recent years,many researchers focused on unsupervised learning for network anomaly detection in edge devices to identify *** deployment of the unsupervised autoencoder model is computationally expensive in resource-constrained edge *** study proposes quantized autoencoder(QAE)model for intrusion detection systems to detect *** is an optimization model derived from autoencoders that incorporate pruning,clustering,and integer quantization *** autoencoder uint8(QAE-u8)and quantized autoencoder float16(QAE-f16)are two variants of QAE b.ilt to deploy computationally expensive Al models into Edge ***,we have generated a Real-Time Internet of Things 2022 dataset for normal and attack *** autoencoder model operates on normal traffic during the training *** same model is then used to reconstruct anomaly traffic under the assumption that the reconstruction error(RE)of the anomaly will b. high,which helps to identify the ***,we study the performance of the autoencoders,QAE-u8,and QAE-f16 using accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score through an extensive experimental *** showed that QAE-u8 outperforms all other models with a reduction of 70.01%in average memory utilization,92.23%in memory size compression,and 27.94%in peak CPU ***,the proposed QAE-u8 model is more suitab.e for deployment on resource-constrained IoT edge devices.

关键词： IoT constrained system

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Diversity and Structure of the Woody Stand in a Sudano-Sahelian Transition Zone in Senegal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Oumar Sarr Moustapha b. Sagna Amy b.khoum Sékouna Diatta Aliou Guissé UCAD/FST Lab.ratory of Ecology and Ecohydrology Dakar Senegal Tessekere Human Environment Ob.ervatory (Senegal) IRL 3189 “Environment Health Society” Dakar Senegal

The main ob.ective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul b.sed on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rub.aceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed b. Comb.etaceae and Euphorb.acea (4 genera each) and b. Capparaceae, Fab.ceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). b.t at the specific level, it is the Comb.etaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rub.aceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variab.lity in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated b. small Comb.etaceae, shows a relatively stab.e level of organization with an average equitab.lity of ab.ut 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya b.rrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contrib.ted strongly to the b.sal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (ab.ut 85% on average) b.t it represents very few species, especially of the Comb.etaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.

关键词： Flora Woody Species Vegetation Surveys Regeneration Kaffrine Region

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Antib.dies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microb.al Pathogens Producing b.1-6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine(PNAG)

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-b.ntley Xuefu You Gerald b.Pier b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Antimicrob.al Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b.1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced b. many b.cteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a b.oad range of *** progress has b.en made in discovering important properties of the b.ology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG b.osynthetic proteins and enzymes have b.en studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has b.en further ***-b.sed vaccines and PNAG-targeting antib.dies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for b.th vaccines and antib.dies have b.en carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to b. a smooth road,we are optimistic ab.ut new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG b.coming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antib.dy

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On the Features of Thermal Convection in a Compressib.e Gas

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 957-974页

作者： Igor b.Palymskiy Physics Department Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information SciencesNovosibirsk City630102Russia Physics Department Siberian State University of Geosystems and TechnologiesNovosibirsk City630108Russia

The fully nonlinear equations of gas dynamics are solved in the framework of a numerical approach in order to study the stab.lity of the steady mode of Rayleigh-b.nard convection in compressib.e,viscous and heat-conducting gases encapsulated in containers with no-slip b.undaries and isothermal top and b.ttom *** initial linear temperature profile is assumed.A map of the possib.e convective modes is presented assuming the height of the region and the value of the temperature gradient as influential *** a relatively small height,isob.ric convection is found to take place,which is taken over b. an adiab.tic mode when the height exceeds the critical value,or b. a super-adiab.tic mode in case of a relatively high temperature *** the adiab.tic mode,convective flow develops due to adiab.tic processes given a stab.e initial *** analytic formula for the critical height of the region is derived taking into account and neglecting the dependence of the gas viscosity on the ***,an analytic formula is ob.ained for the upper b.undary of the region of applicab.lity of the b.ussinesq approximation for incompressib.e *** models for compressib.e gases are relevant to practical situations such as the study of convective flows in spatially extended gas mixtures when dealing with safety issues related to hydrocarb.ns stored in gas stations.A dangerous situation arises when the tank is almost empty b.t some hydrocarb.n is left at the b.ttom of the *** the presence of convective flows,the vaporized fuel is mixed with the oxidizer(air)forming a gas-vapor ***,if the volumetric concentration of fuel vapor(hydrocarb.n)is in the interval b.tween the lower and upper concentration limits of ignition,then the gas-vapor mixture b.comes explosive and any accidental spark is sufficient to cause an emergency.

关键词： Rayleigh-b.nard convection gas stab.e stratification unstab.e stratification temperature gradient

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