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The evaluation of next-generation probiotics on broiler growth performance, gut morphology, gut microbiome, nutrient digestibility, in addition to enzyme production of bacillus spp. in vitro

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 133-144页

作者： bromfield, Jacoba I. Niknafs, Shahram Chen, Xiaojing von Hellens, Juhani Horyanto, Darwin Sun, baode Yu, Lei Tran, Viet Hai navarro, Marta Roura, Eugeni bioproton Pty Ltd Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Queensland Ctr Nutr & Food Sci Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Queensland Ctr Anim Sci Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat Brisbane Qld Australia

Considerable research has been conducted into the efficacy of individual probiotics in broiler production, however information on the most effective combinations of synergistic bacillus probiotic is lacking. This study investigated the impact of different bacillus strain combinations in broiler chickens, as well as in vitro enzyme production. In experiment one, a total of 576 Ross 308 broilers at 1 d old were grown for 21 d across 6 treatments of maize-soybean diets (n = 12 pens per treatment) to compare three different strain combinations (formulation 1 [F1]: 3 strains bacillus amyloliquefaciens; F2: bacillus coagulans and 2 strains b. amyloliquefaciens; F3: b. coagulans, bacillus licheniformis and 2 strains b. amyloliquefaciens; F5: bacillus subtilis, b. licheniformis and 2 strains b. amyloliquefaciens), positive control (PC), and a negative control antibiotic treatment group (NC). In Exp. 2, a total of 360 one-day-old ROSS308 broilers were used to test five treatments (n = 9) including PC, NC, F1 and F5 (selected from Exp. 1), and F4 (bacillus pumilis and 2 strains b. amyloliquefaciens) in a maize-soybean diet. b. amyloliquefaciens F1 demonstrated a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to F2 at d 14 (1.49 vs 2.10; P = 0.038) and the body weight (bW) at d 21 (847.0 g vs 787.4 g) compared to other combinations (P = 0.027). The FCR at d 21 tended to be lower in birds fed F1 (1.46 vs 1.66) compared to the control (P = 0.068). Probiotic treatments had significantly improved nutrient digestibility compared to the PC and NC. Also, probiotic treatments supported the growth of Streptococcus, a common commensal genus and reduced the abundance of genera that correlated with low weight gain such as Akkermansia. Experiment two revealed that F4 improved FCR (P bW at 28 d (P = 0.014). In vitro testing showed a high production of protease and amylase by bacillus. Thus, the addition of bacillus probiotics, particularly containing b. amyloli

关键词： broiler Probiotic bacillus Gut health Microbial profile LACTIC-ACID bACTERIA INTESTINAL MICRObIOTA GENE-EXPRESSION SUPPLEMENTATION SUbTILIS bARLEY DIETS

Iron regulatory protein 1: the deadly switch of ferroptosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 477-478页

作者： Daniel A.bórquez Pamela J.Urrutia Center for biomedical Research Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile Institute of Nutrition&Food Technology(INTA) Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Geroscience Center for brain Health and Metabolism SantiagoChile

Ferroptosis,an iron-dependent cell death:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis,characterized by redox-active iron accumulation and increased free radical production derived by fenton chemistry,that triggers oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids,loss of cellular membranes integrity,and leakage of intracellular contents.

关键词： integrity switch Iron

A reverse Denjoy theorem Ⅲ

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第3期53卷 657-662页

作者： fenton P. C. ROSSI John Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Otago Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Suppose that C 1 and C 2 are two simple curves joining 0 to ∞, non-intersecting in the finite plane except at 0 and enclosing a domain D which is such that, for all large r, the set {θ : re iθ∈ D} has measure at most 2α, where 0 bharmonic function in the plane such that u(z) = Φ(|z|) for all large z ∈ C 1 ∪ C 2 ∪～D, where Φ(|z|) is a convex, non-decreasing function of |z| and ～D is the complement of D. Let A D (r, u) = inf{u(z) : z ∈ D and |z| = r}. It is shown that if A D (r, u) = O(1) then lim inf r→∞ b(r, u)/r π/(2α) > 0.

关键词： Denjoy conjecture subharmonic function tract

Alum split applications strengthened phosphorus fixation and phosphate sorption in high legacy phosphorus calcareous soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 87-97页

作者： bingqian Fan Owen fenton Karen Daly Jiahui Ding Shuo Chen Qing Chen beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreJohnstown CastleCo.WexfordIreland

High phosphorus(P)saturation arising from historic P inputs to protected vegetable fields(PVFs)drives high P mobilisation to *** of soils with alum has shown potential in terms of fixing labile P and protecting water *** present 15 month pot experiment investigated P stabilisation across single alum application(Alum-1 treatment,20 g alum/kg soil incorporated into soil before the maize was sown),alum split applications(Alum-4 treatment,5 g alum/kg soil incorporated into soil before each crop was sown i.e.4×5 g/kg)and soil only treatment(Control).Results showed that the Alum-1 treatment caused the strongest stabilisation of soil labile P after maize plant removal,whereas the P stabilisation effect was gradually weakened due to the transformation of soil non-labile P to labile P and the reduced active Al^(3+)in soil *** the Alum-4 treatment,soil labile P decreased gradually with each crop planting and was lower than the Alum-1 treatment at the end of the final crop removal,without any impairment on plant *** better P stabilisation at the end of Alum-4 treatment was closely correlated with a progressive supply of Al^(3+)and a gradual decrease of pH,which resulted in higher contents of poorlycrystalline Al,Fe and exchangeable *** aspects were conducive to increasing the soil P stabilisation and phosphate *** terms of management,growers in continuous cropping systems could utilise split alum applications as a strategy to alleviate P losses in high-P enriched calcareous soil.

关键词： High legacy phosphorus Calcareous soil Phosphorus stabilisation Alum split applications Non-crystalline Fe/Al

Intraguild niche partitioning in granivorous birds from the late past

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 70-77页

作者： Ana b.navarro Juliano A.bogoni Marcelo Z.Moreira Luís F.Silveira Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sāo Paulo Secāo de AvesAvNazaré48104263-000São PauloSPBrazil Universidade de Sāo Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura"Luiz de Queiroz"Departamento de Ciências FlorestaisLaboratório de EcologiaManejo e Conservacāo de Fauna Silvestre(LEMaC)Av.Pádua Dias 1113418-900PiracicabaSPBrazil Universidade de Sāo Paulo Centro de Energia Nuclear na AgriculturaLaboratório de Ecologia IsotópicaAv.Centenário 30313416-903PiracicabaSPBrazil

Niche partitioning is a widespread ecological strategy within trophic guilds,ensuring the coexistence of sympatric species by reducing interspecific *** isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen and isotopic niche metrics(width and overlap)are used as a proxy to investigate niche partitioning among species of a *** our study,we investigated if niche partitioning was an ecological mechanism contributing to the coexistence of granivorous birds from the same geographic region along time,employing an isotopic *** sampled and isotopically analyzed(δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values)wing feathers from 58 specimens of granivorous birds collected between 1900 and 1966 in southeastern *** grouped birds according to the main habitat type used by them(forest:Cyanoloxia brissonii,Leptotila and Leptotila verreauxi;and grassland:Columbina squammata and Sicalis flaveola).We used the Isotopic Richness(IRic)metric to measure the isotopic niche width and the Isotopic Similarity(ISim)and Isotopic Nestedness(INes)metrics to measure the niche overlap between groups and *** results of low isotopic niche overlap suggest that common granivorous birds had a clear niche partitioning in southeastern brazil in the late past,especially through foraging in distinct habitat types(forest and grassland;ISim=0.1,INes=0.2).Niche overlaps in almost all species-by-species comparisons were low(ISim≤0.3,INes≤0.4),except between *** and ***(ISim=0.6,INes=1.0).These results suggest that these birds,belonging to the same trophic guild,coexisted through niche and resource *** being considered a plastic trophic guild,the isotopic niche partitioning among granivorous birds indicates that each of these species uses a set of specific resources and *** raises an ecological concern about the homogenization of landscapes across the Neotropics,oversimplifying food resources and habitats to granivorous birds.

关键词： Atlantic forest Avian ecology Cerrado Community ecology Diet Foraging ecology Habitat use Trophic relations

Does forest restoration influence soil infiltrability? A case study in the restored woodland of Sierra de ávila(Central Spain)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第7期18卷 1778-1793页

作者： MONGIL-MANSO Jorge navarro-HEVIA Joaquín SAN MARTÍN Roberto Hydrology and Conservation Research Group Catholic University“Santa Teresa de Jesús”ofÁvilaÁvila 05005Spain Forest Water and Soil Research GroupPalencia 34004Spain Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain Department of Statistics and Operations Research University of ValladolidPalencia 34004Spain

Infiltration,as a major component of the hydrological cycle,plays an important role in ecosystems,river flooding,and soil ***,this process has been studied on different soils,with different vegetation cover,and under different climate ***,it is still necessary to know how infiltration rates depend on land degradation,vegetation cover,forest management,and forest restoration,since soil infiltration is related to soil hydrological function and hydrological ecosystem *** aim of our study is to analyze the way reforestation and check dam construction have helped to improve soil infiltration rates in comparison with old,degraded land,different soils and vegetation covers in Central ***,three infiltration tests were carried out by means of a simple methacrylate infiltrometer ring,in four sampling plots,for five types of land use:(i) native holm oak forest,(ii) 60-year-old reforested pine wood,(iii) shrubs,(iv) sediment wedges of check dams,and(v) gullies and degraded *** results show much higher infiltration rates in the soil of 60-yearold pine reforestation sites(1198.00 mm·h^(-1)),and in the sediment wedges of check dams(1088.00 mm·h^(-1)),than in those of degraded hillslopes(365.00 mm·h^(-1)) and shrubland(420.80 mm·h^(-1)).The rates were also shown to be close to those from the remaining patches of native holm oak woodland(770.40 mm·h^(-1)).We also found that organic matter,humus and litter depth,and height of vegetation and cover,all improve soil infiltration rates,while slope degree,presence of coarse elements,stoniness,clay content,bulk density,and electric conductivity inhibit the *** was additionally seen that pine reforestation and check dam construction caused degraded land to recover its hydrological conditions to a level that is quite close to that of the ancient oak holm native forest,alongside ameliorating the hydrological cycle in the *** information will be very useful for decisi

关键词： Soil hydrology Permeability Runoff Reforestation Land restoration

Deforestation and fragmentation trends of seasonal dry tropical forest in Ecuador: impact on conservation

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 615-627页

作者： Carlos A.Rivas JoséGuerrero-Casado Rafael M.navarro-Cerillo Instituto de Ciencias básicas Universidad Técnica de ManabíPortoviejoManabíEcuador Department of Forest Engineering Laboratory of DendrochronologySilviculture and Global Change–DendrodatLab–ERSAFUniversity of CordobaCampus de RabanalesCrta.IVkm.396E-14071 CordobaSpain Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Técnica de ManabíPortoviejoManabíEcuador Department of Zoology University of CordobaCampus de Rabanales14071 CordobaSpain

background:Fragmentation and deforestation are one of the greatest threats to forests,and these processes are of even more concern in the tropics,where the seasonal dry forest is possibly one of the most threatened ecosystems with the least remaining surface ***:The deforestation and fragmentation patterns that had occurred in Ecuadorian seasonal dry forests between 1990 and 2018 were verified,while geographic information systems and land cover shapes provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment were employed to classify and evaluate three types of seasonal dry forests:deciduous,semi-deciduous,and *** study area was tessellated into 10 km2 hexagons,in which six fragmentation parameters were measured:number of patches,mean patch size,median patch size,total edge,edge density and reticular fragmentation index(RFI).The RFI was also measured both outside and inside protected natural areas(unprotected,national protected areas and protected forest).Moreover,the areas with the best and worst conservation status,connectivity and risk of disappearance values were identified by means of a Getis-Ord Gi*statistical ***:The deforestation of seasonal dry forests affected 27.04%of the original surface area still remaining in 1990,with an annual deforestation rate of−1.12%between 1990 and *** RFI has increased by 11.61%as a result of the fact that small fragments of forest have tended to disappear,while the large fragments have been fragmented into smaller *** semi-deciduous forest had the highest levels of fragmentation in *** three categories of protection had significantly different levels of fragmentation,with lower RFI values in national protected areas and greater values in protected ***:The seasonal dry forest is fragmenting,deforesting and disappearing in some *** increased protection and conservation of the Ecuadorian seasonal dry forest is,therefore,necessary owing to the fact that not all prot

关键词： Deciduous forest Semi-deciduous forest Remnant forest Patch isolation Habitat loss Protected areas

Lipid bound extended release buprenorphine(high and low doses)and sustained release buprenorphine effectively attenuate post-operative hypersensitivity in an incisional pain model in mice(Mus musculus)

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 129-137页

作者： Kaela navarro Katechan Jampachaisri Monika Huss Cholawat Pacharinsak Department of Comparative Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Mathematics Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand

background:Extended-release buprenorphine(XR)is indicated for pain management in rodents,but little is known about its use in *** study aimed to investigate whether high dose XR effectively attenuates post-operative hypersensitivity better than low dose XR in a mouse model of incisional ***:Mice(n 44)were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups:(a)saline(1 ml/kg SC,once);(b)sustained release buprenorphine(bup-SR,1 mg/kg SC,once);(c)low dose extended-release buprenorphine(XR-lo,3.25 mg/kg SC,once);(d)high dose extended-release buprenorphine(XR-hi,6.5 mg/kg SC,once).On days􀆴1,0(4 hours),1,2,and 3,mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities were evaluated,and plasma buprenorphine concentrations were ***:Mechanical(days 0-2)and thermal(days 0-1)hypersensitivities were ob-served in the saline ***-SR,XR-lo,and XR-hi attenuated mechanical hyper-sensitivity on days 0,1,and *** of the treatment groups,except XR-Lo on day 0,attenuated thermal hypersensitivity on days 0 or *** buprenorphine concen-tration peaked at 4 hours(day 0)in all treatment groups and remained greater than 1 ng/mL on days *** abnormal clinical observations or gross pathologic findings were seen in any ***:The results indicate XR-hi did not effectively attenuate post-operative hypersensitivity better than *** both 3.25 and 6.5 mg/kg XR are recom-mended for attenuating post-operative hypersensitivity for at least up to 48 hours in mice.

关键词： analgesia analgesics buprenorphine mouse pain management

From contraction to gene expression:nanojunctions of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum deliver site-and function-specific calcium signals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 749-763页

作者： A.Mark Evans Nicola Fameli Oluseye A.Ogunbayo Jingxian Duan Jorge navarro-Dorado Centre for Integrative Physiology College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineHugh Robson BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH8 9XDUK Institute of biophysics Medical University of GrazGraz 8010Austria

Calcium signals determine, for example, smooth muscle contraction and changes in gene expression. How calcium signals select for these processes is enigmatic. We build on the "panjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum" hypothesis, describing our view that different calcium pumps and release channels, with different kinetics and affinities for calcium, are strategically positioned within nanojunctions of the SR and help demarcate their respective cytoplasmic nanodomains. SERCA2 b and Ry R1 are preferentially targeted to the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) proximal to the plasma membrane(PM), i.e., to the superficial buffer barrier formed by PM-SR nanojunctions, and support vasodilation. In marked contrast, SERCA2 a may be entirely restricted to the deep, perinuclear SR and may supply calcium to this sub-compartment in support of vasoconstriction. Ry R3 is also preferentially targeted to the perinuclear SR, where its clusters associate with lysosome-SR nanojunctions. The distribution of Ry R2 is more widespread and extends from this region to the wider cell. Therefore, perinuclear Ry R3 s most likely support the initiation of global calcium waves at L-SR junctions, which subsequently propagate by calcium-induced calcium release via Ry R2 in order to elicit contraction. Data also suggest that unique SERCA and Ry R are preferentially targeted to invaginations of the nuclear membrane. Site- and function-specific calcium signals may thus arise to modulate stimulus-response coupling and transcriptional cascades.

关键词： calcium nanojunction ryanodine receptor sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase smooth muscle gene expression contraction