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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.r.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： Nadeesha r Samarasinghe Taniya S Nagpal michele L barbeau Charys m martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(mSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving mSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of mSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement mSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： medical education musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

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Epithelial toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Clinico-pathogenic aspects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第26期19卷 4119-4126页

作者： István Fri Ferenc Sipos Tiana m Germann Alexandra Kalmár Zsolt Tulassay béla m.lnár Gyrgyi mzes 2nd Department of Internal medicine Semmelweis University Faculty of medicine Semmelweis University molecular medicine research Unit Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Toll-like receptors (TLrs) recognize specific motifs which are frequently present in bacteria, fungi, prokaryotes and viruses. Amongst TLrs, TLr9 can be activated by such bacterial or viral DNA fragments, immunoglobulin-DNA complexes or synthetic oligonucleotides, which all contain unmethylated cytosineguanine nucleotide sequences (CpGs). Emerging data indicate that TLr9 signaling has a role in, and may influence, colorectal carcinogenesis and colonic inflammation. CpGs are classified into three groups according to their influence on both the antigen-specific humoraland cellular immunity, and the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. TLr9 activation via CpGs may serve as a new therapeutic target for several cancerous and various inflammatory conditions. Due to its probable anti-cancer effects, the application possibilities of TLr9-signaling modulation may be extremely diverse even in colorectal tumors. In this review we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about TLr-signaling in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Due to the species-specific differences in TLr9 expression, however, one must be careful in translating the animal model data into the human system, because of the differences between CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-responsive cells. TLr9 agonist DNA-based immunomodulatory sequences could also represent a promising therapeutic alternative in systemic inflammatory conditions and chronic colonic inflammations as their side effects are not significant.

关键词： Toll-like receptor 9 Synthetic oligodeoxy-nucleotide sequences DNA-based immunomodulatory sequences Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel diseases

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Climate change,thermal niches,extinction risk and maternal-effect rescue of toad-headed lizards,Phrynocephalus,in thermal extremes of the Arabian Peninsula to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 450-470页

作者： barry SINErVO Donald b.mILES Yayong WU Fausto r.mÉNDEZ-DE la CrUZ Sebastian KIrCHHOF Yin QI The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts University of Californiaand Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA Department of biological Sciences Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA Chengdu Institute of biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuanChina laboratory of Herpetology Institute of BiologyUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico museum of Natural History Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Scienceand Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research(BBIB)BerlinGermany

Determining the susceptibility of species to changing thermal niches is a major goal for *** this paper we develop an eco-physiological model of extinction risk under climate change premised on behavioral *** method downscales operative environmental temperatures,which restrict hours of activity of lizards,hr,for present-day climate(1975)and future climate scenarios(2070).We apply our model using occurrence records of 20 Phrynocephalus lizards(or taxa in species complexes)drawn from literature and museum *** analysis is phylogenetically informed,because some clades may be more sensitive to rising *** limits for computed hr predict local extirpations among Phrynocephalus lizards at continental scales and delineate upper boundaries of thermal niches as defined by Extreme Value *** the 8.5 representative Concentration Pathway scenario,we predict extirpation of 64%of local populations by 2070 across 20 Phrynocephalus species,and 12 are at high risk of total extinction due to thermal limits being *** tandem with global strategies of lower CO_(2) emissions,we propose regional strategies for establishing new national parks to protect extinction-prone taxa by preserving high-elevation climate refugia within existing sites of species *** propose that evolved acclimatization–maternal plasticity–may ameliorate risk,but is poorly *** studies revealed that adaptive maternal plasticity by thermoregulating gravid females alter progeny thermal preferences by±1℃.We describe plasticity studies for extinction-prone species that could assess whether they might be buffered from climate warming–a *** discuss an epigenetic framework for studying such maternal-effect evolution.

关键词： climate change eco-physiology extinction model maternal effect lizards

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.GHOlamI m.EFTEKHArI Department of mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(FGm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the FGm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the Galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of FGm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. Furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in FGm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

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Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DbDPE), in sewage sludge for land application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 558-563页

作者： De la Torre A Concejero m A martínez m A Persistent Organic Pollutant Group Environment Department CIEMAT Avd. Complutense 22 Madrid 28040 Spain

The presence of an emerging brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane （DbDPE）, has been confirmed in Spanish sewage sludge. Thirty one samples from different urban wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） were analyzed for this brominated flame retardant. DbDPE was positively identified and quantified in all samples at lower concentrations （47.0 ± 29.7 ng/g dry weight （dw）; mean ± SD） than those obtained for decabromodiphenyl ether （bDE-209）（290 ± 236 ng/g dw; mean ± SD） in a previous study. Influence of the WWTP characteristics in the pollutant levels was evaluated. No significant correlations were obtained between DbDPE concentrations and the population or sewage sludge production rate associated with the plants, neither wastewater treatment method. Sources of DbDPE in the sludge were also evaluated. Data indicate a common origin for DbDPE and bDE-209, which may be related to leaching processes during the use and disposal of consumer products containing these chemicals. Nevertheless, DbDPE contents are not influenced by industrial activities, which suggests that the infusion of DbDPE commercial mixture is not a source of this chemical into the environment, and indicates that the use of DbDPE in the Spanish industry is still low compared to deca-bDE.

关键词： decabromodiphenylethane polybrominated diphenyl ethers wastewater treatment plants sewage sludge

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Charaeterizability of the Group ~2D_p(3) by its Order Components,Where p≥5 is a Prime Number Not of the Form 2~m+1

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Acta mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第7期24卷 1117-1126页

作者： m.r.DArAFSHEH School of mathematics College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran

The author will prove that the group ^2Dp（3） can be uniquely determined by its order components, where p ≠ 2^m ＋ 1 is a prime number, p ≥ 5. more precisely, if OC（G） denotes the set of order components of G, we will prove OC（G） = OC（^2Dp（3）） if and only if G is isomorphic to ^2Dp（3）. A main consequence of our result is the validity of Thompson＇s conjecture for the groups under consideration.

关键词： prime graph order component linear group

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Influence of FCA Welding Process Parameters on Distortion of 409m Stainless Steel for rail Coach building

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2013年第1期20卷 71-78页

作者： m V Venkatesan N murugan b m Prasad A manickavasagam Department of mechanical Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore 641014TNIndia Integral Coach Factory Indian RailwaysChennai 600038TNIndia

The influence of flux cored arc welding （FCAW） process parameters such as welding current, travel speed, voltage and CO2 shielding gas flow rate on bowing distortion of 409m ferritic stainless steel sheets of 2 mm in thickness was discussed. The bowing distortions of the welded plates were measured using a simple device called profile tracer. An experimental regression equation was developed to predict the bowing distortion and with this equation, it is easy to select optimized process parameters to achieve minimum bowing distortion. It is revealed that the FCAW process parameters have significant influence on bead profile and the bowing distortion.

关键词： bowing distortion ferritic stainless steel flux cored arc welding statistical model rail coach distortion measurement

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Practical optimization of deployable and scissor-like structures using a fast GA method

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 557-568页

作者： m.SAlar m.r.GHASEmI b.DIZANGIAN Department of Civil Engineering University of Sistan and BaluchestanZahedanIran Department of Civil Engineering Velayat UniversityIranshahrIran

This paper addresses practical sizing optimization of deployable and scissor-like structures from a new point of *** structures have been recently highly regarded for beauty,lightweight,determine behavior,proper performance against lateral loads and the ability of been compactly *** this time,there is a few studies done considering practical optimization of these *** considered here includes wind and gravity *** foldable scissor-like structures,connections have a complex *** this reason,in this study,the authors used the AbAQUS commercial package as an analyzer in the optimization *** made the obtained optimal solutions highly reliable from the point of view of applicability and construction ***,to do optimization task,a fast genetic algorithm method,which has been recently introduced by authors,was *** results show that despite less weight for aluminum models than steel models,aluminum deployable structures are not affordable because they need more material than steel structures and cause more environmental damage.

关键词： optimization scissor-like structures deployable structures genetic algorithm AbAQUS

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AN m/m/C rETrIAL QUEUEING SYSTEm WITH bErNOULLI VACATIONS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第2期18卷 222-242页

作者： b.Krishna KUmAr r.rUKmANI V.THANGArAJ Department of mathematics College of EngineeringAnna UniversityChennai600 025India Department of mathematics Pachaiyappa's CollegeChennai600030India ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in mathematics University of MadrasChennai600 005India

In this paper, a steady-state markovian multi-server retrial queueing system with bernoulli vacation scheduling service is studied. Using matrix-geometric approach, various interesting and important system performance measures are obtained. Further, the probability descriptors like ideal retrial and vain retrial are provided. Finally, extensive numerical illustrations are presented to indicate the quantifying nature of the approach to obtain solutions to this queueing system.

关键词： retrial queue bernoulli vacation matrix-geometric methods busy period vain retrial ideal retrial

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