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Monomethyl fumarate augments NK cell lysis of tumor cells through degranulation and the upregulation of NKp46 and CDIO7a

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 57-64页

作者： Heidi Vego Kristin L Sand Rune A Hoglund Lars-Egil Fallang Glenn Gundersen Trygve Holmoy azzam A Maghazachi Departmentof Physiology Institute of Medical Basic Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Medical Department Biogen Idec Norway AS OsloNorway Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital and institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Dimethyl fumarate （DMF） is a new drug used to treat multiple sclerosis （MS） patients. Here, we examined the effects of DMF and the DMF metabolite monomethyl fumarate （MMF） on various activities of natural killer （NK） cells. We demonstrated that MMF augments the primary CD56^＋, but not CD56^-, NK cell lysis of K562 and RAJI tumor cells. MMF induced NKp46 expression on the surface of CD56^＋, but not CD56^-, NK cells after incubation for 24 h. This effect was closely correlated with the upregulation of CD107a expression on the surface of CD56＋ NK cells and the induction of Granzyme B release from these cells through this metabolite. An anti-NKp46 antibody inhibited the MMF-induced upregulation of CD107a and the lysis of tumor cells through CD56^＋ NK cells. Thus, these results are the first to show that MMF augments CD56^＋ NK cell lysis of tumor target cells, an effect mediated through NKp46. This novel effect suggests the use of MMF for therapeutic and/or preventive protocols in cancer.

关键词： cancer prevention cancer treatment CDlO7a cytotoxicity dimethyl fumarate Granzyme B monomethyl fumarate natural killer cells NKp46

Is iron overload in alcohol-related cirrhosis mediated by hepcidin?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5864-5866页

作者： Tariq Iqbal azzam Diab Douglas G Ward Matthew J Brookes Chris Tselepis Jim Murray Elwyn Elias Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive Depart ment of Cancer Studies University of BirminghamVincent Drive Department of Hematology University Hospital BirminghamVincent Drive

In this case report we describe the relationship between ferritin levels and hepcidin in a patient with alcohol-related spur cell anemia who underwent liver *** demonstrate a reciprocal relation-ship between serum or urinary hepcidin and serum ferritin,which indicates that inadequate hepcidin production by the diseased liver is associated with elevated serum *** ferritin level falls with increasing hepcidin production after *** inflammatory indices(IL6)nor erythropoietin appear to be related to hepcidin expression in this *** suggest that inappropriately low hepcidin production by the cirrhotic liver may contribute substantially to elevated tissue iron stores in cirrhosis and speculate that hepcidin replacement in these patients may be of therapeutic benefi t in the future.

关键词： Alcohol Iron Anaemia Hepcidin Cirrhosis

Use of shear wave elastography for the diagnosis and follow-up of biliary atresia: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4725-4739页

作者： Ellen S Wagner Hussien Ahmed H Abdelgawad Meghan Landry Belal Asfour Mark B Slidell Ruba azzam Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionThe University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States Department of Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44511EgyptEgypt Department of Pediatrics The University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States Graduate School of Professional Education-Biomedical Informatics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States Department of Surgery The University of Chicago MedicineComer Children’s HospitalChicagoIL 60637United States

BACKGROUND Timely differentiation of biliary atresia(BA)from other infantile cholestatic diseases can impact patient ***,non-invasive staging of fibrosis after Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy has not been widely *** wave elastography is an ultrasound modality that detects changes in tissue *** authors propose that the utility of elastography in BA can be elucidated through meta-analysis of existing *** To assess the utility of elastography in:(1)BA diagnosis,and(2)post-Kasai fibrosis *** A literature search identified articles that evaluated elastography for BA diagnosis and for post-Kasai *** studies met criteria for meta-analysis:Eleven for diagnosis and nine for follow-up *** diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),sensitivity,and specificity of elastography were calculated through a random-effects model using Meta-DiSc *** Mean liver stiffness in BA infants at diagnosis was significantly higher than in non-BA,with overall DOR 24.61,sensitivity 83%,and specificity 79%.Post-Kasai,mean liver stiffness was significantly higher in BA patients with varices than in patients without,with DOR 16.36,sensitivity 85%,and specificity 76%.Elastography differentiated stage F4 fibrosis from F0-F3 with DOR of 70.03,sensitivity 96%,and specificity 89%.Elastography also differentiated F3-F4 fibrosis from F0-F2 with DOR of 24.68,sensitivity 85%,and specificity 81%.CONCLUSION Elastography has potential as a non-invasive modality for BA diagnosis and surveillance *** paper’s limitations include inter-study method heterogeneity and small sample ***,standardized,multi-center studies are recommended.

关键词： Biliary atresia Cholestasis Hepatic portoenterostomy Fibrosis Esophageal and gastric varices Elasticity imaging techniques

Compact nano-void spectrometer based on a stable engineered scattering system

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Photonics Research 2022年第10期10卷 2328-2336页

作者： QI SUN PRZEMYSLAW falak TOM VETTENBURG TIMOTHY LEE DAVID BPHILLIPS GILBERTO BRAMBILLA MARTYNAS BERESNA Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK University of Dundee NethergateDundeeDD14HNUK University of Exeter ExeterEX44QLUK

Random scattering of light in disordered media can be used for highly sensitive speckle-based wavemeters and spectrometers. However, the multiple scattering events that fold long optical paths within a compact space also make such devices exceedingly sensitive to vibrations and small disturbances to the disordered media. Here, we show how scattering can be engineered so that it can be used for a compact computational spectrometer that is largely insensitive to environmental factors. We designed and fabricated a three-dimensional pseudo-random nano-void pattern with 62% scattering efficiency. The controlled amount of multiple scattering ensured a sufficiently long optical path for the target resolution of 100 pm, with optimal long-term stability. The 200-μm-thick scattering silica substrate was integrated in a compact assembly with a low-cost camera sensor. The target resolution was achieved for full spectrum measurements while single wavelengths could be determined with 50 pm resolution. Such tailored scattering systems can improve the trade-off among cost, size, stability, and spectral resolution in computational spectrometers.

关键词： stability disordered exceeding

A Brief Review of the Amati Relation for GRBs

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期6卷 378-383页

作者： Walid J. azzam Department of Physics College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Kingdom of Bahrain

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Alt-hough the exact mechanism behind these explosions remains elusive, GRBs hold great promise as cosmological probes for two main reasons: they have been observed up to very high redshift (z > 9), and their gamma-ray emission is unencumbered by any intervening dust. Several GRB energy and luminosity indicators have been discovered. These indicators correlate an observable quantity, like the intrinsic peak energy, Ep,i, in the spectrum of a burst to an unobservable parameter like the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso, or the isotropic peak luminosity, Lp,iso. This paper provides a brief review of one of these energy and luminosity indicators, the Amati relation, and discusses its potential use as a cosmological probe.

关键词： Gamma-Ray Bursts Energy Correlations Cosmological Probes

Evaluation of children and adults with post-COVID-19 persistent smell,taste and trigeminal chemosensory disorders:A hospital based study

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第3期12卷 133-150页

作者： Sherifa Ahmed Hamed Eman Bahaa Kamal-Eldeen Mohamed azzam Abdel-Razek Ahmed Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Assiut UniversityFaculty of MedicineAssiut 71516Egypt Department of Pediatrics Assiut UniversityFaculty of MedicineAssiut 71516Egypt Department of ENT Assiut UniversityFaculty of MedicineAssiut 71516Egypt

BACKGROUND Smell disorders are the most frequent persistent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** To describe the patterns and characteristics of persistent smell and taste disorders in Egyptian *** Assessment was done to 185 patients(adults=150,age:31.41±8.63 years;children=35;age:15.66±1.63 years).Otolaryngology and neuropsychiatric evaluations were *** included:A clinical questionnaire(for smell and taste);sniffin'odor,taste and flavor identification tests and the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements(sQOD-NS).RESULTS Duration of disorders was 11.53±3.97 ms(6-24 ms).Parosmia(n=119;64.32%)was developed months after anosmia(3.05±1.87 ms).Objective testing showed anosmia in all,ageusia and flavor loss in 20%(n=37)and loss of nasal and oral trigeminal sensations in 18%(n=33)and 20%(n=37),*** had low scoring of sQOD-NS(11.41±3.66).There were no specific differences in other demographics and clinical variables which could distinguish post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders in children from *** The course of small and taste disorders are supportive of the nasal and oral neuronal ***-COVID-19 taste and trigeminal disorders were less frequent compared to smell ***-COVID-19 flavor disorders were solely dependent on taste and not smell *** were no demographics,clinical variables at onset or specific profile of these disorders in children compared to adults.

关键词： Post-COVID-19 complications Anosmia Ageusia Trigeminal sensory loss Parosmia Quality of life

Clinical epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Arabs based on the Montréal classification

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17525-17531页

作者： Othman R Alharbi Nahla A azzam Ahmed S Almalki Majid A Almadi Khalid A Alswat Nazia Sadaf Abdulrahman M Aljebreen Gastroenterology Division King Khalid University Hospital King Saud University Riyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Gastroenterology Division Riyadh Military HospitalRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Gastroenterology Division the Mc Gill University Health Center Montréal General Hospital Mc Gill UniversityMontréal H3A 1W9Canada

AIM:To determine the clinical,epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics of ulcerative colitis(UC)in Saudi Arabia by studying the largest cohort of Arab UC ***:Data from UC patients attending gastroenterology clinics in four tertiary care centers in three cities between September 2009 and September 2013were entered into a validated web-based registry,inflammatory bowel disease information system(IBDIS).The IBDIS database covers numerous aspects of inflammatory bowel *** characteristics,disease phenotype and behavior,age at diagnosis,course of the disease,and extraintestinal manifestations were ***:Among 394 UC patients,males comprised51.0%and females 49.0%.According to the Montréal classification of age,the major chunk of our patients belonged to the A2 category for age of diagnosis at17-40 years(68.4%),while 24.2%belonged to the A3category for age of diagnosis at>40 *** to the same classification,a majority of patients had extensive UC(42.7%),35.3%had left-sided colitis and29.2%had only ***,51.3%were in remission,16.6%had mild UC,23.4%had moderate UC and 8.6%had severe *** relapse occurred in17.4%patients,infrequent relapse in 77%and 4.8%had chronic disease.A majority(85.2%)of patients was steroid *** regard to extraintestinal manifestations,arthritis was present in 16.4%,osteopenia in 31.4%,osteoporosis in 17.1%and cutaneous involvement in 7.0%.CONCLUSION:The majority of UC cases were young people(17-40 years),with a male *** the disease course was found to be similar to that reported in Western countries,more similarities were found with Asian countries with regards to the extent of the disease and response to steroid therapy.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease information system Saudi Arabia Epidemiology

Six Minute Walk Test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3996-4001页

作者： Hatem F Alameri Faisal M Sanai Manal Al Dukhayil Nahla A azzam Khalid A Al-Swat Ahmad S Hersi Ayman A Abdo Unit of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Hepatology Division Department of Medicine Riyadh Military Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia Unit of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Six Minute Walk Test Chronic liver disease Functional capacity

巴基斯坦开伯尔—普赫图赫瓦卡拉克上印度河盆地早始新世盐岩流体包裹体研究

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巴基斯坦开伯尔—普赫图赫瓦卡拉克上印度河盆地早始新世盐岩流体...

作者： Asim falak Naz 中国石油大学(华东)

学位级别：硕士

在Kohat高原,Bahadur Khel盐是最集中的地质区域之一。除了古生物残余物外,还存在着很容易看到的各种各样的地质结构。因此,它被称为地质和化石科学的展览大厅。它也可以看做一份含有丰富岩盐的地质画卷。由于缺乏植被,每一层地层都是... 详细信息

在Kohat高原,Bahadur Khel盐是最集中的地质区域之一。除了古生物残余物外,还存在着很容易看到的各种各样的地质结构。因此,它被称为地质和化石科学的展览大厅。它也可以看做一份含有丰富岩盐的地质画卷。由于缺乏植被,每一层地层都是有现象出现的。因此,Bahadur Khel盐具有国际科研和教学价值,高度值得保护和保存。取样制备薄片后主要采用显微观察、x射线衍射（XRD）、x射线荧光光谱（XRF）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和显微测温等方法对流体包裹体进行了研究。通过岩相学观察鉴定了流体包裹体的矿物类型,得出大多数包裹体为次生包裹体的结果。对矿物晶体进行了x射线衍射（XRD）分析。评价了盐岩中矿物学、化学成分和微量矿物。而x射线荧光光谱法是一种快速、常规的技术,广泛应用于各种研究领域（包括地质、环境、生物和工业研究）中材料的详细元素组成的测定。利用拉曼光谱对流体包裹体成分进行了分析。显微测温法用于原生包裹体,包括绘制和拍照记录流体包裹体的大小、形状和分布,以及测试前后包裹体中气泡的变化。岩相学研究表明,盐岩主要矿物为石盐（Nacl）。矿物丰富且保存完好。其沉淀温度在5.8～19℃之间,其流体由包含H、O、Na、Cl等成分的大气水构成.其他次要矿物有石膏、硬石膏和次生白云石。X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和X射线衍射（XRD）数据显示了盐岩的化学成分。根据XRF数据,盐岩中最丰富的成分是Na、Cl、O、Ca、Mg、Si、Al、Fe、Br、Sr、K、Zn、P、Ni、Pt和S。XRD表明,盐岩并不纯净。原生和次生晶体中石盐的平均含量分别为94.2%和92.8%。方解石、铁白云石、方解石、硬石膏等微量成分（XRD数据）和镁、钙、氧、钾、硅、铝等（XRF数据）表明,岩石暴露于大气中并与大气水接触。与次生晶体相比,大多数原生晶体表现出较高的密度,显示出较高的饱和度和流体的高浓度。在所有实验分析的基础上,认为Bahadur Khel岩盐包裹体大部分为次生包裹体,是在构造成岩作用后沉积隆升时期形成的。本研究处理和选择的流体包裹体可用于获得古温度的定量记录。本文从Bahadur Khel地区得出的均一温度数据是合理的可接受的,并可解释为古表层盐水的温度。岩盐中的流体包裹体有可能提供一些最好的古气候记录。

关键词：盐岩流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱 XRD 显微测温 Kohat高原