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Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems:Insights from the southern Bida Basin,Nigeria

Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 284-304页

作者： Godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon Felix Iwebunor Chinyem Tope Shade Alege Brume Overare Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru Ikenna Arisi Obasi Ernest Orji Akudo azuka ocheli Jeremiah Ayok Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh Elesius Okey Akpunonu Mu'awiya Baba Aminu Bashir Ozovehe Aminu Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesFederal University LokojaKogi StateNigeria Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandCanada Department of Earth Sciences Federal University of Petroleum ResourcesEffurunDelta StateNigeria Department of Geology School of Physical SciencesFederal University of TechnologyOwerriImo StateNigeria Department of Geology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaAnambra StateNigeria Department of Geology University of IlorinKwara StateNigeria

The study assessed petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin,Nigeria,focusing on the Cretaceous *** comprise Lokoja and Patti Formation sandstones,while shales,claystone,and siltstone serve as source rocks and stratigraphic traps/*** studies delineating the key elements of the petroleum systems in the basin have not been conducted due to a lack of subsurface *** goal of the current study was to use field observations,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and geochemical and geomechanical data to evaluate key components of petroleum systems in the southern Bida *** results presented in this investigation are intended to attain specific objectives,especially those lacking in the basin's study *** analysis revealed that the Lokoja Sandstone has porosity of 37%-39.5%and moderate permeability of 23.22-42.29 *** Patti Formation sandstone reservoirs exhibited high porosity(38%-42%)and moderate to good permeability(31.54-66.48 mD),suggesting good potential *** results revealed intragranular pores and micro-fractures in the Patti Shale,whereas the sandstone reservoirs in the Lokoja and Patti formations displayed fractures,facilitating hydrocarbon *** was the dominant mineral in the sandstone units of both *** analysis revealed that brittle and clay minerals influenced the microstructure of Patti *** analysis indicated promising petroleum potential in the Patti Shale,with a total organic carbon(TOC)content of 1.87 wt%,free hydrocarbon from kerogen(S1)of 0.41 mg/g,hydrogen index(HI)of 0.75 mg HC/g TOC,and production index(PI)of *** Patti and Lokoja formations'shale,claystone,and siltstone exhibited sealing potential,with a plasticity index of 24-35 and coefficient permeability of 2.8×10^(-4)-3.6×10^(-4)cm/*** studies,XRD,geochemical data,and geomechanical index values have confirmed the key components of the petroleum system,which in turn

关键词： Geochemical analysis Plasticity index Source rock Reservoir rock Stratigraphic trap Bida Basin

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Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Road Infrastructure in Countries: A Study of the Namibia Scenario

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第12期7卷 86-101页

作者： Victor Uzoma Nwagbara William azuka Iyama Faculty of Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia Department of General Studies Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology Port Harcourt Nigeria

The assessment of the impact of road infrastructure in the developing countries using the Namibian case scenario was done based on the contemporary challenges of road use. This study employed a qualitative technique using a sample size of thirty (30) selected by the simple random sampling technique. The use of charts, tables and frequencies were done to explain certain trends in the study. A well-structured, valid and reliable questionnaire instrument was designed for the study based on the following research questions;what are the impacts of road transport on the Namibian environment and what are the possible measures that may be used to reduce environmental impact of road transport on the Namibian environment? Twenty five respondents (83%) agreed that road transfer has drastically improved development and 26 (87%) respondents also accepted that it can improve Namibian economy. Similarly, it has also improved communication and technology greatly according to 27 (90%) respondents. To add more credence to the impact of road transport on the economy, all the 30 (100%) of the respondents agreed that road transport aids mobility within Namibia while 27 (90%) respondents supported the opinion that road transport aids in job search, 3 (10%) disagreed. The result shows that car owners service are potential threats which can affect pollution levels as was supported by 97% to cause environmental pollution as well as 100% when combined with energy consumption. Similarly, all the respondents indicated the potential of increased accident rate from poor road safety. Felling of trees poses great danger (97% response) due to the degradation of the environment. Most respondents (77% and 83%) agreed that road transport can lead to land encroachment and loss of aesthetic and farming. This research has shown that eventually death rate may increase from mere ill-health to from the degraded ecosystem, 24 respondents (80%). So many policies to protect the environment but the practical me

关键词： Infrastructure Impact Environment Road Transportation Assessment Developing Economy

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Fingerprint Patterns in Students with Learning Disability:Evidence of Sexual Dimorphism and Potential for Diagnosis in a Nigerian Population

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第2期9卷 153-161,I0001-I0005页

作者： Ndubuisi Paris Obi Izuchukwu azuka Okafor Chijioke Okeke Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNnewi Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology College of MedicineUniversity of Ibadan Department of Reproductive Health Sciences Pan African University of Life and Earth Science Institute(Including Health and Agriculture)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria

This study assessed the sex-based relationship and prediction pattern between fingerprint patterns,ridge counts,and learning disability(LD).This cross-sectional study recruited 300 students(150 LD and 150 non-LD)aged between 3 and 29 *** fingerprint patterns(arch,whorl,ulnar loop,and radial loop)and the ridge count:total finger ridge count(TFRC),absolute ridge count(ARC),ulnar ridge count(URC),and radial ridge count(RRC)were *** with LD showed a significantly higher whorl and a significantly lower ulnar loop than students without *** is a significant association of whorl pattern in the first right finger of subjects with LD compared to non-LD ***,ARC,and URC were significantly higher in females with LD than non-LD females(P=0.01,0.03,and 0.001).Males with LD showed significantly lower TFRC,RRC,and URC counts than the non-LD males(P=0.02,0.01,and 0.001).TFRC can predict LD in males(odds ratio[OR]=1.010,P=0.032)and females(OR=0.993,P=0.012).Fingerprint pattern and ridge counts are sexually dimorphic in subjects with or without *** and whorl fingerprint patterns may be vital predictive and screening tools for LD in males and females.

关键词： Dermatoglyphics finger ridge count fingerprint patterns learning disability predictive tool sexual dimorphism

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Modeling of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in the Edwards-Trinity Plateau and Ogallala Aquifers in the Midland-Odessa Region Using Random Forest Regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 218-241页

作者： azuka I. Udeh Osayamen J. Imarhiagbe Erepamo J. Omietimi Department of Geoscience University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa Texas USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R2 values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.

关键词： Water Quality Prediction Predictive Modeling Aquifers Machine Learning Regression eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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Evaluating the Potential Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Seeds Biomass as an Adsorbent in the Removal of Copper (Cu) in Water

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第3期10卷 120-143页

作者： Victor Uzoma Nwagbara Franklin Obeng Sika William azuka Iyama Kayini Chigayo Habauka Majority Kwaambwa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia School of Nursing Bronx Lehman College New York USA Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology River State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

This study was based on the evaluation of the potential effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds biomass as a biosorbent in the removal of copper (Cu) in water which was justified by the level of toxicity, environmental unfriendliness and costly nature of chemical coagulants presently used. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to identify the Moringa oleifera seeds biomass functional groups present in the adsorption of metal ions and found to be the carboxylic acid and amine functional groups (-COOH and -NH). The effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, metal ion concentration and pH were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity at pH 5, room temperature and 0.8 g dosage was 70% for Cu(II). The adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir than the Freundlich models as the sorption capacity (qm) of Moringa oleifera seeds biomass for Cu(II) was 3.64 mg/g. The separation factor (RL) was within the range of 0 and 1 which showed that the Cu(II) biosorption processes were favourable for Moringa oleifera biosorbent. The results showed that Moringa oleifera seed biomass is an effective adsorbent in the removal of the studied heavy metals in water. The effective pH for the Cu(II) removal was 5.0 as equilibrium was achieved practically in 35 min. The quantitative analysis of defatted Moringa oleifera should be studied in order to have a fair mixing ratio between Moringa oleifera seeds biomass and the adsorbate. There is also the ardent need to work on environmentally friendly disposal of adsorbent after saturation of adsorbent by analyte to avoid secondary pollution.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Adsorbate Adsorbent Adsorption Copper (Cu) Langmuir Freundlich Model Functional Groups

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Machine Learning and Statistical Analysis in Groundwater Monitoring for Total Dissolved Solids Assessment in Winkler County, Texas

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 1-29页

作者： azuka I. Udeh Osayamen J. Imarhiagbe Erepamo J. Omietimi Abdulqudus O. Mohammed Oluwatomilola Andre-Obayanju Department of Geoscience University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Department of Geology University of Benin Benin Nigeria

This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, Texas. The data for this contribution was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board website (TWDB). Five hundred and ninety-three samples were obtained from two hundred and ninety-eight wells in the study area. The wells were drilled at different county locations into five aquifers, including Pecos Valley, Dockum, Capitan Reef, Edward Trinity, and Rustler aquifers. A total of fourteen different water quality parameters were used, and they include Potential hydrogen (pH), Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Fluoride, TDS, Specific Conductance, Nitrate, Total Hardness, Calcium, Temperature, Well Depth, Sulphate, and Bicarbonates. Four machine learning regression algorithms were developed to get a good model to help predict TDS in this area: Decision Tree regression, Linear regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-nearest neighbor. The study showed that the Decision Tree produced the best model with attributes like the coefficient of determination R2 = 1.00 and 0.96 for the training and testing, respectively. It also produced the lowest score of mean absolute error MAE = 0.00 and 0.04 for training and testing, respectively. This study will reduce the cost of obtaining different water quality parameters in TDS determination by leveraging machine learning to use only the parameters contributing to TDS, thereby helping researchers obtain only the parameters necessary for TDS prediction. It will also help the authorities enact policies that will improve the water quality in areas where drinking water availability is a challenge by providing important information for monitoring and assessing groundwater quality.

关键词： Machine Learning Regression Aquifers Winkler County Sinkholes

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HPV prevalent types in a cohort of sexually active Nigerian women:implications for vaccination programmes

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Precision Medicine Research 2021年第3期3卷 7-11页

作者： azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Rosemary Ajuma Audu Titiola Abike Gbajabiamila Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology DepartmentNigerian Institute of Medical Research6 Edmund CrescentYaba 101212LagosNigeria Clinical Sciences Division Nigerian Institute of Medical Research YabaLagosNigeria

Background:The human papillomavirus virus(HPV)is very common with over 150 strains and at least 42 acquired by sexual *** is a public health concern among women the world over,with an estimated prevalence of 11.7%globally,and 24%in Sub-Saharan *** are five common HPV types;HPV16,HPV18,HPV52,HPV31,and *** cancer affects women globally,with estimated 570,000 new cases in *** 90%of the 311,000 deaths worldwide in that year occurred in low-and middle-income ***:To estimate the prevalence of HPV among sexually active women in Lagos,Nigeria;and to determine the most common HPV type among that ***:A descriptive cross-sectional study design was implemented,with 198 women in total enrolled for the *** active women from various health facilities in Lagos were screened by obtaining cervical tissue,stirred into PCR cell media,and assayed for HPV genotypes using the Roche COBAS®4800 ***:Age of the women ranged from 18 to 65 years(mean 34.6±6.4),with the majority(56.4%)between 25-34 years;65%were married and 63%had a secondary *** at first penile-vaginal contact ranged from 9 to 38 years(mean 20.4±3.9).Sixty-five percent of women stated total lifetime sexual partners of between 2 and 4(mean 2.9±2.5).The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 40.4%(95%CI:40.1 to 40.7)and breakdown of types obtained were;HPV16,2.5%(95%CI:2.22 to 2.78);HPV18,3.5%(95%CI:3.22 to 3.78);other high risk(OHR)HPV,28.3%(95%CI:28 to 28.6);HPV16&OHR HPV,1.5%(95%CI:1.22 to 1.78);HPV18&OHR HPV,4.1%(95%CI:3.82 to 4.38);HPV16,18&OHR HPV,0.5%(95%CI:0.221 to 0.779).HPV negative and inconclusive results were 58.1%and 1.5%***:Prevalence of OHR HPV is high among Nigerian *** informs the pattern of HPV existing in the African region,and may aid future efforts at eradicating the *** findings are further contributive evidence to the initiative to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health challenge

关键词： HPV Type Cervical cancer High-risk Women Prevalence

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Performance Evaluation of Real Time Polymerase Reaction Assay (SCODA) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 21-30页

作者： Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Chika Kingsley Onwuamah azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Rahaman A. Ahmed Akeeb O. Bola Oyefolu Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Microbiology Lagos State University Ojo Nigeria Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Lagos Nigeria

In order to robustly detect and quantify gene expression from small amounts of RNA, amplification of the gene transcript is necessary. Real Time PCR is useful for detection and quantification of genetic constitution of pathogens. This technique amplifies a tiny DNA target million or billion times in such a way that it can be easily studied by scientists. Availability of highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 and easy accessibility of such was necessary for early diagnosis and effective management of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristic of SCODA. Validation of SCODA was performed using synthesized standards and clinical samples previously tested using a commercially approved COVID-19 RT-qPCR detection kit (LifeRiver). The assay showed a linearity of 98.2% on the ORF1ab target and 99.8% on the N-gene target. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. Analysis for the LoD95 produced 74.04 (CI: 25 - 1000) cp/μl on ORF1ab gene and 1.119 (CI: 1 - 1) cp/μl on N-gene target with a precision of CV ≤ 3%. SCODA showed high comparable performance in comparison with LifeRiver and other commercial COVID-19 RT-qPCR test kits.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Sensitivity Specificity SCODA Performance

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Assessing the Impact of Petrol Service Stations on Selected Physico-Chemical Water Quality Parameters within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第10期12卷 204-220页

作者： William azuka Iyama Obrieze Chekwa Nnadi Ini Ubong Michael Nakara Timothy Chukwudi Osademe Dollah Yenor Lekie Gbode Chukwudi Omeni Egbunefu Woboroma Stella Emejuru Preye Nimame Williams Chinedu Onuegbu Institute of Geoscience and Environmental Management Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study assessed the impact of petrol service stations on physico-chemical water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. This threw light on the extent of damage and alteration of water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis as a result of the proliferation of petrol service stations especially the condition of ground and nearby surface water. This serves as a useful tool to government and regulatory authorities for planning especially due to lack of central water supply system in Port Harcourt metropolis. The parameters studied were sampled, measured and analyzed using in situ and other standard methods. Remarkable results above permissible limits of interest for physicochemical parameter analysis revealed pH values from 4.6 to 6.8, electrical conductivity from 0.002 µS/cm to 0.42 µS/cm, salinity from 3 ppm to 4050 ppm, and temperatures from 19.9˚C to 32.6˚C. Total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 7 ppm to 1000 ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 0.167 mg/L to 2.167 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 0.257 mg/L to 3.253 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from 1.70 mg/L to 4.30 mg/L. Specifically, water samples from NNPC Filling Station (Choba) and Eneka Pond displayed “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 112.003 and 112.076, respectively. Similarly, ALLTEC Filling Station (Eneka) and TOTAL Filling Station (Rumuomasi) had “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 173.707 and 180.946, respectively. In contrast, Excelsis Filling Station (Akpajo) demonstrated “Good” water quality with a WQI of 85.2072, while Total Filling Stations (Slaughter) and Choba River revealed “unsuitable for drinking” water quality with WQI values of 552.461 and 654.601, respectively. Slaughter River also indicated very poor water quality with a WQI of 442.024. The physicochemical and nutrient analyses of the water samples showed that activities of the filling stations within the study area may have polluted groundwater in the environment posing poor aesthet

关键词： Water Quality Index Petrol Service Stations Contamination Environmental Impact Assessment Eneka Drilling Points

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The Effectiveness of Infection Control Practices among Health Care Workers Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 232-239页

作者： Fehintola A. Ige Aigbe G. Ohihoin Bosede O. Amuda Olufemi S. Amoo Chika K. Onwuamah azuka P. Okwuraiwe Joseph O. Shaibu Ebenezer O. Odewale Ayorinde B. James Adeleke Kayode Adefunke Adeshina Rosemary A. Audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Science Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Tuberculosis Research Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Lagos State Ministry of Health Ikeja Lagos Nigeria

Background: The world is currently experiencing a healthcare crisis caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of controlling the spread of the disease;this response has resulted in a huge number of infections amongst HCWs and unfortunately some casualties. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) are practical, proven methods that prevent avoidable harm to patients and protect health workers from contagious infection. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC practices utilized in COVID-19 testing drive through facility in Lagos Nigeria. Method: The facility recruited 42 HCWs who were trained on IPC and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Training on donning and doffing of PPEs, preparation of decontaminants and sample handling were done for relevant personnel. A daily log for monitoring COVID-19 symptoms was deployed to all HCWs;to help early detection of COVID-19 infection and prevent transmission amongst staff. Results: Of 42 personnel, 92.8% had a tertiary level of education while 71.4% had at least 5 years work experience. A total of 5 (11.9%) out of 42 HCWs were positive by week six of the study. All infected persons worked at the drive through centre. Most common symptom filled in the daily log tool was headache and fatigue. Conclusion: Despite all the measures introduced, 11.9% of HCWs became positive within 6 weeks, showing the highly infectious nature of the virus and the need to research into more effective measures in preventing the transmission of highly infectious pathogens to HCWs during outbreaks.

关键词： Healthcare Workers Infection Prevention and Control COVID-19 Pandemic

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