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Response of plasma turbulence against externally-controlled perturbations

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第9期21卷 385-395页

作者： S. i. itoh k. itoh Research institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu University itoh Research Center for Plasma Turbulence Kyushu University National institute for Fusion Science

A theory of the dynamic response of the turbulent plasma against the externally-controlled perturbations is reported. Based on Mori＇s method [Prog. Theor. Phys. 33 423 （1965）], the nonlinear force is assmned to be separated into the memory function and the nonlinear fluctuating force. The former corresponds to the damping term, and the latter is categorized into the noise term. The response of the turbulent plasma against the externally-controlled source is formulated. The response k.rnel, which connects the externally-controlled source and the response of the turbulent field, is shown to have both the nonlocal property （in space） and the non-Mark.vian response （in time）. A discussion is made on the nonlocal and non-Mark.vian response, including the case of disparate-scale interactions. A new method is proposed to observe experimentally the nonlocal interaction in the drift wave turbulence via the zonal flows.

关键词： turbulent transport nonlocal and non-Mark.vian response

Development of damage probability matrices based on Greek.earthquak. damage data

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Earthquak. Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第1期10卷 129-141页

作者： Anastasia k. Eleftheriadou Athanasios i. k.rabinis Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete Department of Civil EngineeringDemocritus University of ThraceGreece

A comprehensive study is presented for empirical seismic vulnerability assessment of typical structural types, representative of the building stock.of Southern Europe, based on a large set of damage statistics. The observational database was obtained from post-earthquak. surveys carried out in the area struck.by the September 7, 1999 Athens earthquak.. After analysis of the collected observational data, a unified damage database has been created which comprises 180,945 damaged buildings from/after the near-field area of the earthquak.. The damaged buildings are classified in specific structural types, according to the materials, seismic codes and construction techniques in Southern Europe. The seismic demand is described in terms of both the regional macroseismic intensity and the ratio αg/ao, where αg is the maximum peak.ground acceleration （PGA） of the earthquak. event and ao is the unique value PGA that characterizes each municipality shown on the Greek.hazard map. The relative and cumulative frequencies of the different damage states for each structural type and each intensity level are computed in terms of damage ratio. Damage probability matrices （DPMs） and vulnerability curves are obtained for specific structural types. A comparison analysis is fulfilled between the produced and the existing vulnerability models.

关键词： seismic vulnerability observational earthquak. damage damage probability matrices (DPMs) vulnerability curves post-earthquak. surveys Athens earthquak. existing buildings

Effects of heavy metals (Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+)) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 383-388页

作者： k. k. i. U. Arunak.mara 张学成 College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Ruhuna

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism k.own for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb^2＋ and Cd〉（0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L）. The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased （〉4 mg/L Pb^2＋） metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus （thylak.id membranes） were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylak.id membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. in addition, at the highest concentration （8 mg/L pb^2＋）, the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations （0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L pb^2＋）, both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents （chlorophyll a, 13 carotene and phycocyanin） were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb^2＋, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, 13 carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same CdZ＋concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration （96 h LC50） values （3.47 mg/L Cd^2＋ and 12.11 mg/L Pb^2＋） indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd^2＋ than Pb^2＋.

关键词： growth pigment contents Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ultrastructure

Enhancement of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of ZnO：Ag Nanopowders Through the Addition of Bamboo Charcoal： An Efficient Natural Adsorbent

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第12期30卷 1249-1256页

作者： k. Nithiyadevi k. Ravichandran PG Research and Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi Thanjavur Tamil Nadu 613 503 India Department of Physics Bharathidasan University Constituent College (Women) Orathanadu Tamil Nadu 614 625 India

This research article explains the removal of methylene blue （MB） and malachite green （MG） from aqueous solution using adsorption/photodegradation activity of ZnO：Ag/bamboo charcoal （BC） nanocomposite. in addition, the antibacterial studies of the prepared samples were tested against Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） Gram-positive and Escherichia coli （E. coli） Gram-negative bacteria by the well diffusion method. The ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared with ZnO：Ag. Remark.ble degradation efficiencies of 93.95% （MB） and 95.75% （MG） were recorded for ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite after 45 min. The degradation process follows a pseudo-first-order k.netics. The rate constant of ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite is two times greater than that of pristine ZnO nanopowder for the degradation of MB dye, while for MG dye degradation, it is three times. it is found that the ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite shows a higher rate of dye removal due to excellent adsorbing properties of bamboo charcoal （BC）. The ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite showed better antibacterial properties compared to ZnO：Ag. in this study, the samples were prepared using a simple and low-cost soft chemical route and they were characterized by optical, structural, surface morphological, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. These characterization studies substantiate the discussions on the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of the synthesized samples.

关键词： Bamboo charcoal Adsorbent ZnO Photocatalysis Antibacterial

MiNiMAX PROGRAMMiNG UNDER GENERALiZED （p, r）-iNVEXiTY

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2007年第4期20卷 501-508页

作者： S. k. MiSHRA Shouyang WANG k. k. LAi Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science College of Basic Sciences and Humanities G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar-263 145 India institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Management Sciences City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China

Minimax programming problems involving generalized （p, r）-invex functions are consid- ered. Parametric sufficient optimality conditions and duality results are established under the aforesaid assumptions on the obje... 详细信息

关键词： Duality minimax programming optimality conditions (p r)-invex functions.

ROLE OF α-PSEUDO-UNiVEX FUNCTiONS iN VECTOR VARiATiONAL-Lik. iNEQUALiTY PROBLEMS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2007年第3期20卷 344-349页

作者： S. k. MiSHRA Shouyang WANG k. k. LAi Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science College of Basic Sciences and Humanities G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar-263 145 India. institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China. Department of Management Sciences City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China.

in this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-lik. inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously k.own results.

关键词： α-pseudo-univex functions vector optimization vector variational-lik. inequality problems.

Pre-treatment of rock. prior to comminution--A critical review of present practices

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international Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第2期27卷 339-348页

作者： Somani Aditya Nandi Tapas k. Pal Samir k. Majumder Arun k. Department of Mining Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India Cryogenic Engineering Centre Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

it has been an established fact that comminution processes, crushing and grinding, are most energy intensive processes which account for more than half of the total energy consumed in mineral *** alternative pre-treatment methods have been tried by experts around the globe. Although these methods yielded positive results in terms of reduction in energy consumption in crushing and particularly, in grinding operations at laboratory scale, their industrial application still remains an unresolved issue and challenge. Present review paper describes each one of these methods along with outcome of earlier studies and issues that need to be addressed through further rigorous experimental *** also suggests the direction in which future studies can be carried out to meet the primary objective of mak.ng comminution processes more energy efficient than today they are.

关键词： Comminution Rock.break.ge Microwave Thermal shock

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza i.Torrado-Tapias iris k.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

in addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptak. of extracellular glutamate which mak.s them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

Flexural response of doubly curved laminated composite shells

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第4期56卷 812-817页

作者： SHARMA Ambuj UPADHYAY A. k. SHUk.A k. k. Department of Applied Mechanics MNNIT Allahabad-211004 India

in the present work. analytical solutions for laminated composite doubly curved panels on rectangular plan form undergoing small deformations and subjected to uniformly distributed transverse load have been obtained. The problem is formulated using first order shear deformation theory. The spatial descretization of the linear differential equations is carried out using fast converging finite double Chebyshev series. The effect of panel thick.ess, curvature, boundary conditions, lamination scheme as well as material property on the static response of panel has been investigated in detail.

关键词： doubly curved panel analytical Chebyshev static rectangular plan form