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Physio-biochemical and nutrient constituents of peanut plants under bentazone herbicide for broad-leaved weed control and water regimes in dry land areas

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 630-639页

作者： Hani S SAUDY Ibrahim M EL–METWALLY Goma A abd EL–samad Agronomy Department Faculty of AgricultureAin Shams University68–Hadayek Shoubra 11241CairoEgypt Botany Departments National Research CentreEl–Behos St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt

The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels(I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices(bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I_(50) significantly equaled with its counterpart under I_(75) or I_(100). Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I_(100) in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I_(75) in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I_(75) recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.

关键词： biochemical traits drought nutritional status peanut productivity weed growth

基于弱可压缩光滑粒子水动力学(WCSPH)方法的规则波中斜面结构刚体分析

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2021年第4期20卷 621-631页

作者： Siti Ayishah Thaminah Hikmatullah Sahib Muhammad Zahir Ramli Muhammad Afq azman Muhammad Mazmirul abd Rahman Mohd Fuad Miskon Ef Helmy Arifn Muhammad Hafeez Jeofry Kamaruzzaman Yunus Department of Marine Science Kulliyyah of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM)25200 KuantanMalaysia Institute of Oceanography&Maritime Studies(INOCEM) Kulliyyah of ScienceInternational Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM)25200 KuantanMalaysia Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21200 Kuala NerusMalaysia

In many cases of wave structure interactions,three-dimensional models are used to demonstrate real-life complex environ-ments in large domain scales.In the seakeeping context,predicting the motion responses in the interaction of a long body resembling a ship structure with regular waves is crucial and can be challenging.In this work,regular waves interacting with a rigid foating structure were simulated using the open-source code based on the weakly compressible smoothed par-ticle hydrodynamics(WCSPH)method,and optimal parameters were suggested for diferent wave environments.Vertical displacements were computed,and their response amplitude operators(RAOs)were found to be in good agreement with experimental,numerical,and analytical results.Discrepancies of numerical and experimental RAOs tended to increase at low wave frequencies,particularly at amidships and near the bow.In addition,the instantaneous wave contours of the sur-rounding model were examined to reveal the efects of localized waves along the structure and wave dissipation.The results indicated that the motion response from the WCSPH responds well at the highest frequency range(ω>5.235 rad/s).

关键词： DualSPHysics Response amplitude operators Seakeeping Wave structure interaction Weakly compressible

The Impact of Minerals on Wheat Plants Grown under Salinity Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 541-556页

作者： Rania M. Taha Hamdia Mahmoud abd El-samad Department of Botany Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work has been conducted to study the impact of Zn (20 and 200 μM) or Ni (1 and 100 μM) on growth, metabolic activities, osmotic pressure and heavy metal of wheat cultivar (cv. Gimiza 11) under salt stress conditions. Harvest index was significantly decreased by 75% at -0.3 MPa and -1.2 MPa decreased by 53%. Length of root, stem and spike, and leaf area were slightly reduced up to -0.9 MPa NaCl level, after that a significant reduction was recorded. Total sugar was increased in the shoot and spike, while decreased in the root with increasing salinity levels. On the other side, total protein was increased in the shoot while decreased in both the root and spike. Osmotic pressure was increased as increasing salinity levels. Treatment of wheat plants with Zn or Ni alleviated generally salt injury in the harvest index, length of root, shoot and spike and leaf area. This effect was more obvious with Zn treatments. Mineralization treatments increased total sugar in the three tested organs while did not change the total protein. Zn content was increased at -1.2 MPa level while Ni was decreased. Treatments with Zn or Ni mostly increased Zn while causing a reduction in the Ni content. These treatments also increased the values of osmotic pressure compared with the equivalent levels of control plants.

关键词： Osmotic Stress Wheat Zn Ni Tolerant Sensitive

Effect of hand hygiene intervention on the absenteeism of pre-school children in Klang Valley,Malaysia:a quasi-experimental study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 416-421页

作者： Nurul Azmawati Mohamed Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin Zarini Ismail Shalinawati Ramli Habibah Faroque Farisha Nur abd samad abdul Rashid Ariffien Aisyah Ar Redha Che Amir FaridIlina Isahak Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaPandan Indah55100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Background Absenteeism amongst pre-school children is often due to illnesses such as hand,foot,and mouth disease,acute gastroenteritis,cold and flu,which are easily spread amongst them.This is because of weak immunity and lack of knowledge on proper hand hygiene.This quasi-experimental study assessed the efficacy of an intervention consisting of a hand hygiene education programme,along with digital tools in bringing about a change in behaviour and health conditions amongst pre-school children in Klang Valley,Malaysia.Methods A total of 377 school children,male and female,aged 5–6 years old,participated and were assigned to either the intervention or a control group.During the 2 months intervention period,children in the test group were trained on proper hand hygiene practices and techniques with the aid of the interactive android-based tablets.The numbers of absent days of all the children were recorded for 2 months before the intervention and during the intervention.Results In the test group,there was a 25%increase in the total number of absent days from the pre-intervention period to the intervention period,a much lesser increment observed as compared to that of control group in which the increase was much higher at 89%.Results showed a significant difference(P<0·05)between the absenteeism rates for the test and control group during the intervention period.Conclusion These results suggest that proper education and intervention increase hand hygiene compliance,which may help decrease school absenteeism due to illness;however,a longer study duration may be necessary to evaluate the benefit further.

关键词： Absenteeism Hand hygiene Povidone-iodine Pre-school children

The Potential Role of Osmotic Pressure to Exogenous Application of Phytohormones on Crop Plants Grown under Different Osmotic Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 937-948页

作者： Hamdia M. abd El-samad Botany Department Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The osmotic pressure represented as a sign of plant tolerance or sensitive to salinity stress. In the following plants, the increase in OP seems to be a manner of defense mechanism to survive. OP increased in shoots of maize, shoot and root of wheat and cotton plants was concomitant with shoot soluble sugar, root soluble protein and shoot and root amino acids of maize plants. However, in wheat the increase in OP was related with increase of root soluble sugar and protein of shoots and roots. In cotton plants, the elevation of OP was run parallel with increase soluble sugar of shoots and roots, shoot soluble protein and root amino acids. The increase in OP was related with a marked and significant reduction in the water content of these plants. However, the decrease in OP of shoot and root of broad bean was related with the reduction of shoots and roots soluble sugar, protein and root amino acids of broad bean. While the OP becomes more or less unchanged in shoots and tended to decrease in root of parsley plants, this concomitant with unchanged trend in the shoots amino acids and reduction in root soluble sugar and root amino acids. Run with previous trend values of OP and metabolites of parsley plants were related with stable values in shoot water content and reduction in root water content. With GA3 and kinetin treatments mostly increase the values OP which parallel with increase and soluble sugar, soluble protein and amino acids contents of shoots and roots of maize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and parsley plants with NaCl increasing. This related with increase water uptake by roots in these plants. The results indicated that kinetin had a more effective to shoot maize, both organs of wheat, broad bean and parsley plants in response to salinity stress while GA3 was more effective on cotton plants especially at higher levels of salinity. Thus plants strategy differed in their tolerance to salinity stress according to their species and differed also according to the different organs of the sam

关键词： Osmotic Pressure GA3 and Kinetin NaCl

The Biphasic Role of Cupper and Counteraction with <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>Application on Growth, Metabolities, Osmotic Pressure and Mineral of Wheat Plant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1182-1195页

作者： Hamdia M. abd El-samad Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The interactive effect of different Cu++ concentrations (5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM and 25 mM) and treatments with biofertilizers Azospirillum brasilense on growth, metabolites, minerals and osmotic pressure of wheat plants was investigated. Shoots and roots of wheat plant were differentially response to Cu++ treatments, while shoot organ response positively to this treatment, root response negatively. The positive effect of Cu++ in shoot organ was concomitant with the increase in the production of fresh, dry matter, length and water content and this related with the accumulation of soluble sugar, soluble protein and mineral as a result of increasing osmotic pressure. On the other side, the negative effect of Cu++ on root organ was concomitant with the decrease in production of fresh, dry matter, length and water content that related with the reduction in the accumulation of soluble sugar and mineral with the insignificant change in osmotic pressure. Azospirillum brasilense inoculation increased the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein which reflected an increase in the production of fresh, dry matter and water content with increasing values of osmotic pressure of the tested plants under Cu++ treatment. Finally, wheat plants response differentially to Cu++ treatment according to its organ and Azospirillum brasilense treatment improved wheat plant efficiency to tolerate the effect of Cu++ stress.

关键词： Cu++ Treatment Azospirillum brasilense Wheat

Strategy Role of Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Osmotic Pressure, Chemical Constituents and Growth Yield of Maize Plant Gown under Drought Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 1102-1120页

作者： Hamdia Mahmoud abd El-samad Khloud Nagy Shaker abd El-Hakeem Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work was carried out to investigate the role of mycorrhiza inoculation at two harvesting stages (90-days and 30-days) of maize plants grown in pot experiment with different moisture content levels 100%, 70%, 50% and 20%. Drought stress tolerant in maize plant was varied in different organs of the same plants and also varied among different stage of plant development. The sensitivity of maize plants was related with reduction of root soluble sugar, shoot and root soluble protein at 30-days of plant harvesting, and soluble sugar and soluble protein in both organs of both harvesting stages. This related with reduction in OP and lowering of water uptake which induced a marked decrease in fresh and dry matter production in shoot and root of both harvesting stages. AM inoculation increase maize tolerant to drought stress presented in increasing growth parameters, chemical constituents and minerals contents compared with untreated plants. Proline content with AM inoculation was more or less unchanged in shoot of plant harvesting at 30-days and in root of plant harvesting at 90-days. However, a marked increase was induced in plant harvesting at 30-days and in shoot of plant harvesting at 90-days. Mycorrhiza inoculation induced a significant increase in OP value either compared with corresponding level or compared with control value 100% as in plant 30-days of harvesting or compared with control only as in plant harvesting after 90-days. AM infection with different moisture content levels measured by N-acetyl glucosamine content were not affected by drought stress. Results showed also that control roots contained N-acetyl glucosamine would be attributed to mycorrhiza and other fungi naturally present in soil.

关键词： Moisture Content Mycorrhiza Inoculation Maize Plant

Growth, Metabolites, Protein Profile and Esterase Enzyme of Wheat Grown under Osmotic Stress with Exogenous Application of <i>Allium sativum</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 902-919页

作者： Hamdia M. abd El-samad D. Mostafa Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science Minia University El-Minia Egypt

The present work was conducted to lower and alleviate the saline injury by using natural products in garlic extract application on growth, metabolites, protein pattern and esterase enzyme of wheat plants. This study was conducted that wheat plant cv. Gimiza 11 response to osmotic stress effects and in general showed a variable response between different organs. The aerial parts of plants not only alleviated salinity injury but activated the fresh and dry matter productions. In root these parameters decreased as increasing salinity stress. Length of the shoots, roots and spikes run parallel with the previous results. Photosynthetic pigment enhanced markedly the increasing osmotic stress levels. The effect of garlic was reflected on the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein in both roots and spikes, and a reduction of Na+ and an increase in K+ under garlic treatments were recorded. In the present study, staining intensity of protein bands of wheat plant was decreased as osmotic stress increased but the number of bands was increased up to -0.9 MPa, after that level a slight decrease was recorded (for control induction, 12 bands, -0.3 MPa, 16 bands, -0.6 MPa 14 bands, -0.9 14 bands, -1.2 MPa 11 bands and final 11 bands for -1.5 MPa). Induction protein bands for control plus garlic were 12 bands, for -0.3 MPa OSL plus garlic were 13 bands, for -0.6 MPa OSL plus garlic were 12 bands, for -0.9 MPa OSL plus garlic were 12 bands, for -1.2 MPa OSL were 8 bands and finally for -1.5 MPa OSL plus garlic were 9 bands. Electrophoresis studies of esterase showed wide variations in their intensities and densities among all treatments. There were 6 isozymes forms of esterase under OSL and with garlic but intensity was different. It seems that garlic extract was able to enhance the tolerance of the wheat plant to osmotic stress.

关键词： Garlic Wheat SDS Page Esterase NaCl Level

Interactive Effect of Sewage Sludge Application with Phytohormones IAA or SA on Three Broad Bean Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 880-895页

作者： Hamdia M. abd El-samad Sara H. abd Nabi Khloud N. S. abd El-Hakeem Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science El-Minia University Minya Egypt

The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications and to determine the effects of phytohormones IAA or SA. Along with identifying the mechanisms of broad bean response and the role of growth regulators (200 ppm of IAA or 10 mM of SA) in counteract sewage sludge effects is examined. The situation can be recorded that growth parameters fresh, dry matter and water content of pods were significantly increased as increasing SSL in cultivars 843 and in Sakha up to 70% level. However, these parameters were markedly decreased as increasing SSL in cv. Giza 716. Length and number of pods were unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 843 while they decreased in cv. Giza 716 with increasing SSL. Phytohormonal application stimulated growth parameters in pods of three tested cultivars Giza 843, Sakha 1 and Giza 716 with sewage treatments. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased as increasing SSL in both cv. Sakha 1 and cv. Giza 716. In cv. Giza 843, soluble sugar was significantly increased while soluble protein was decreased as increasing SSL. Proline content was unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 716 while decreased in cv. Giza 843. Metabolites (soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline) showed variations in three broad bean cultivars to IAA or SA application plus sewage sludge treatments. In cv. Giza 716 SS treatment increased Zn, Ni, PB and Cu. In cv. Giza 843 SS treatment decreased Zn, Pb, and Cu while increased Ni. In cv. Sakha 1 SS treatment decreased Zn, Ni, Pb and Cu. Phytohormonal treatments showed an increasing or decreasing effect in heavy metal in three tested cultivars.

关键词： Sewage Sludge IAA SA Broad Bean Cultivars