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Therapeutic options for the management of pancreatic cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11142-11159页

作者： Maria L Rossi azeem a rehman Christopher S Gondi Department of Medicine University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria Peoria IL 61656-1649 United States

Since its initial characterization, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has remained one of the most devastating and difficult cancers to treat. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, resulting in an estimated 38460 deaths annually. With few screening tools available to detect this disease at an early stage, 94% of patients will die within five years of diagnosis. Despite decades of research that have led to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells, few effective therapies have been developed to target these pathways. Other treatment options have included more sophisticated pancreatic cancer surgeries and combination therapies. While outcomes have improved modestly for these patients, more effective treatments are desperately needed. One of the greatest challenges in the future of treating this malignancy will be to develop therapies that target the tumor microenvironment and surrounding pancreatic cancer stem cells in addition to pancreatic cancer cells. Recent advances in targeting pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma have encouraged researchers to shift their focus to the role of desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer pathobiology in the hopes of developing newer-generation therapies. By combining novel agents with current cytotoxic chemotherapies and radiation therapy and personalizing them to each patient based on specific biomarkers, the goal of prolonging a patient’s life could be achieved. Here we review the most effective therapies that have been used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and discuss the future potential of therapeutic options.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer stem cells Microenvironment Surgical resection Neoadjuvant therapy Adjuvant therapy Chemotherapy Radiation Personalized therapy

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Self-supported copper-based gas diffusion electrodes improve the local CO_(2)concentration for efficient electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 51-62页

作者： azeem Mustafa Bachirou Guene Lougou Yong Shuai Zhijiang Wang Haseeb-ur-rehman Samia Razzaq Wei Wang Ruming Pan Jiupeng Zhao Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney2006Australia

Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction is a sustainable approach in green chemistry that enables the production of valuable chemicals and fuels while mitigating the environmental impact associated with CO_(2)*** its several advantages,this technology suffers from an intrinsically low CO_(2)solubility in aqueous solutions,resulting in a lower local CO_(2)concentration near the electrode,which yields lower current densities and restricts product *** diffusion electrodes(GDEs),particularly those with tubular architectures,can solve these issues by increasing the local CO_(2)concentration and triple-phase interface,providing abundant electroactive sites to achieve superior reaction *** this study,robust and self-supported Cu flow-through gas diffusion electrodes(FTGDEs)were synthesized for efficient formate production via electrochemical CO_(2)*** were further compared with traditional Cu electrodes,and it was found that higher local CO_(2)concentration due to improved mass transfer,the abundant surface area available for the generation of the triple-phase interface,and the porous structure of Cu FTGDEs enabled high formate Faradaic efficiency(76%)and current density(265 mA¸cm^(−2))at–0.9 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.5 mol·L^(−1)*** combined phase inversion and calcination process of the Cu FTGDEs helped maintain a stable operation for several *** catalytic performance of the Cu FTGDEs was further investigated in a non-gas diffusion configuration to demonstrate the impact of local gas concentration on the activity and performance of electrochemical CO_(2)*** study demonstrates the potential of flow-through gas-diffusion electrodes to enhance reaction kinetics for the highly efficient and selective reduction of CO_(2),offering promising applications in sustainable electrochemical processes.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction flow-through delivery hollow fiber structure local concentration formate

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Exploring Placer Gold Deposits through Integrated Geophysical and Geochemical Techniques at the Confluence of the Indus and Kabul Rivers,NW Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1440-1450页

作者： Asghar ALI Khaista rehman Owais TAYYAB Tahir ZAMAN Mahad JAMEEL azeem KHAN Rafique AHMAD Muhammad IRFAN Department of Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120Pakistan Department of Geology The Bacha Khan UniversityCharsadda24420Pakistan

Analysis of the anomalous magnetic mineral intensities and geochemistry for placer gold deposits are presented for those of the Attock area at the confluence of the Indus and Kabul rivers in northwestern *** grids covering an area of 10 x18 m2 and 8 x10 m2 were analyzed using a G-858 Cesium Vapor *** anomalous zones obtained were plotted on contour maps,2 D and 3 D magnetic intensity *** on the magnetic anomalies,grid-1 of the study area was sampled at three different anomalous zones for geochemical *** zones contain gold concentrations,ranging from 2.11 ppm to 6.109 ppm with an average of 4.01 *** in gold concentration in the subsurface within the anomalous zones indicates that magnetometer survey followed by a geochemical analysis can potentially narrow down the gold-bearing anomalous zones.

关键词： geochemistry geophysics placer gold deposits magnetometer survey anomalous zones Pakistan

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Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Diagenetic Studies of the Jurassic Carbonates of the Kohat Basin, Northwest Pakistan: Reservoir Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1673-1692页

作者： Emadullah KHAN Abbas Ali NASEEM Suleman KHAN Bilal WADOOD Faisal rehman Maryam SALEEM Mubashir MEHMOOD Waqar AHMAD Zubair AHMED Tahir azeem Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-e-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Geology Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 71006China Department of Geology University of SwabiSwabi 23561Pakistan Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences Bahria UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Earth&Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3Canada

The present study deals with the depositional facies, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy of the shallow marine carbonates of the Samana Suk Formation, Kohat Basin, in order to elucidate its reservoir quality. The Samana Suk Formation consists of thin to thick-bedded, oolitic, bioclastic, dolomitic and fractured limestone. Based on the integration of outcrop, petrographic and biofacies analyses, the unit is thought to have been deposited on a gentle homoclinal ramp in peritidal, lagoonal and carbonate shoal settings. Frequent variations in microfacies based sea-level curve have revealed seven Transgressive Systems Tracts(TSTs) and six Regressive Systems Tracts(RSTs). The unit has undergone various stages of diagenetic processes, including mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation,micritization, dissolution and dolomitization. The petrographic analyses show the evolution of porosity in various depositional and diagenetic phases. The fenestral porosity was mainly developed in peritidal carbonates during deposition,while the burial dissolution and diagenetic dolomitization have greatly enhanced the reservoir potential of the rock unit, as is further confirmed by the plug porosity and permeability analyses. The porosities and permeabilities were higher in shoal facies deposited in TSTs, as compared to lagoonal and peritidal facies, except for the dolomite in mudstone, deposited during RSTs. Hence good, moderate and poor reservoir potential is suggested for shoal, lagoonal and peritidal facies,respectively.

关键词： porosity diagenesis reservoir Samana Suk Formation Kohat Basin

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Investigation of functional,physical,mechanical and thermal properties of TiO2 embedded polyester hybrid composites:A design of experiment(DoE)study

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第3期28卷 266-274页

作者： Muhammad azeem Munawar Dirk Wolfram Schubert Shahzad Maqsood Khan Muhammad Atiq Ur rehman Nafisa Gulld Atif Islam Aneela Sabir Muhammad Shafiq Bilal Haider Mudassar Azam Saba Urooge Khan Monika M.Voigt Institute of Polymer Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab Bavarian Polymer Institute Institute of Biomaterials Friedrich-Alexander-University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab

This paper presents a study on the Design of Experiments(Do E) approach to optimize the fabrication parameters of titania(TiO2) embedded glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites(HCs). HCs of unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) were fabricated using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide(MEKP) as the curing agent by hand lay-up process(HLUP) and compression molding technique(CMT). The fabrication parameters were optimized by Taguchi Do E(an orthogonal array of L25) using 3 control factors(concentration of TiO2, concentration of MEKP and curing temperature) having 5 levels each. Statistical tools were employed to identify significant factors affecting tensile strengths and its reproducibility during HLUP. It was found that the concentration of TiO2in HCs significantly influenced the tensile strength(TS) followed by MEKP concentration and curing temperature. The highest value of TS was obtained at 3 wt% TiO2, 2 wt% MEKP and 80 °C. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of TiO2concentration was basis for fabrication of polyester titania glass fiber hybrids(PTGFHs), which were further investigated for density and void fractions, linear shrinkage, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and thermal behaviors. Moreover, cross-linking and hydrogen-bonding between polymeric chains, styrene, silica content of glass fiber and TiO2particles in PTGFHs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

关键词： Hybrid composites Polyester Design of experiment Titania

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Genome-wide association analysis for stripe rust resistance in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第8期19卷 2035-2043页

作者： Sher MUHAMMAD Muhammad SAJJAD Sultan Habibullah KHAN Muhammad SHAHID Muhammad ZUBAIR Faisal Saeed AWAN azeem iqbal KHAN Muhammad Salman MUBARAK Ayesha TAHIR Muhammad UMER Rumana KEYANI Muhammad InamAFZAL Irfan MANZOOR Javed Iqbal WATTOO Aziz-ur rehman Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology GC UniversityFaisalabad 38090Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Islamabad 45550Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology(CABB) University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore 54000Pakistan Wheat Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute(AARI)Faisalabad 38950Pakistan

Stripe rust is a continuous threat to wheat crop all over the *** causes considerable yield losses in wheat crop every *** deployment of adult plant resistance(APR)genes in newly developing wheat cultivars is the most judicious strategy to combat this ***,we dissected the genetics underpinning stripe rust resistance in Pakistani wheat *** association panel of 94 spring wheat genotypes was phenotyped for two years to score the infestation of stripe rust on each accession and was scanned with 203 polymorphic *** on D’measure,linkage disequilibrium(LD)exhibited between loci distant up to 45 c ***-trait associations(MTAs)were determined using mixed linear model(MLM).Total 31 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were observed on all 21 wheat *** QTLs were newly discovered as well as 19 QTLs and 35 previously reported Yr genes were validated in Pakistani wheat *** major QTLs were ***.2 AL and ***.3 BS(PVE,11.9%).Dissection of genes from the newly observed QTLs can provide new APR genes to improve genetic resources for APR resistance in wheat crop.

关键词： wheat Puccinia striiformis LD GWAS MTA PCoA

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